biology

1. which definition of the magnification of a drawing of a leaf is correct?
a the actual size of an object multiplied by the magnification of the microscope
b _ the difference in size between an actual object and a drawing of the object
c the increase in size of an object when observed using a microscope
d the size of the drawing of a specimen in comparison to the actual size

2 the electron micrograph shows part of two cells.
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which labelled features identify these cells as eukaryotic?
a w,xandy b wandxonly c wonly d xonly

3 plant cells are fixed, stained and viewed using a student microscope. the light source was
natural light.
what would be clearly visible at x400 magnification?
a cristae of mitochondria
bs grana of chloroplasts
c nucleoli
d_ ribosomes

4 which lengths are equivalent to 1 um?

1. 1000mm

2 0.001nm

3 0.001mm

4 1000000nm
5 0.01mm

6 1000nm

a 1and4 b 2 and 5 cc 3 and 4 d 3 and 6

5 some secretory cells synthesise and release glycoproteins.
what is the correct order of the sequence of events as they occur in the secretory cell?
1 exocytosis
2 product accumulates in secretory vesicle
3 mrna binds to ribosomes
4 — synthesis of glycoprotein
a 3,4,1,2 b 3,4,2,1 c 4,3,1,2 d 4,3,2,1

6 a scientist carried out an experiment to separate the organelles in an animal cell by mass.

the scientist mixed the cells with a buffer solution which had the same water potential as the
cells. he then broke the cells open with a blender to release the organelles.
the extracted mixture was filtered and then spun in a centrifuge at a speed to separate the
heaviest organelle. this sank to the bottom, forming a solid pellet, 1.

liquid above

pellet

solid pellet

the liquid above pellet 1 was poured into a clean centrifuge tube and spun in the centrifuge at a
higher speed to separate the next heaviest organelle. this organelle sank to the bottom, to form a
solid pellet, 2.
he repeated this procedure twice more to obtain pellet 3 and pellet 4, each containing a single
organelle.
what is the function of the organelle extracted in pellet 3?
a digestion of old organelles
b production of atp
c synthesis of mrna
d _ synthesis of protein

7 what is the general formula for amylopectin?
a (c5h1005)n b (c5h1006)n c (ceh1206)n d (ceh1005)n

8 which statement describes how the molecular structure of starch is suited to its function?

a amylose has a branched structure and amylopectin is coiled to give a compact molecule for
transport.

b_ in the breakdown of amylose and amylopectin, many condensation reactions release stored
energy.

c_ inthe formation of amylose and amylopectin, many hydrolysis reactions allow the release of
stored energy.

d_ the amylose-amylopectin complex is insoluble and does not affect the water potential of the
cell.

9 cows and whales are mammals that produce milk to feed their babies. newborn whales grow
faster than newborn cows. the milk of both cows and whales contains saturated fatty acids with
different chain lengths.

the table shows the percentage of saturated fatty acids of different lengths in cow and whale
milk.
chain length of percentage of saturated
saturated fatty acid fatty acids in milk
/number of carbon atoms cow whale
4-12 22.2 0
14 10.6 13.8
16 25.5 27.9
18 40.1 29.4
> 18 1.6 28.9
which statement about the ratio of short fatty acids (4-16 carbons) to long fatty acids (18 or more
carbons) in the milk of cows and whales is correct?
a the ratio in cow milk is higher because young cows need more energy than young whales.
b_ the ratio in cow milk is lower because young cows need less energy than young whales.
c_ the ratio in whale milk is higher because young whales need less energy than young cows.
d_ the ratio in whale milk is lower because young whales need more energy than young cows.

10 the structure of phospholipids and triglycerides include the following.
1 glycerol linked to fatty acids
2 hydrophobic fatty acid chains
3. saturated fatty acid chains
which structures enable the formation of a lipid bilayer in cell surface membranes?
a 1and2 b j1and3 c 2and3 d 2only

11 the diagram shows the molecular structure of a peptide.
on na,
i
ch, h oo ch,
a a ee ee
ny no ne ny l no
| h | | | h |
h o ii h (e)
oh
which molecules would result from the complete hydrolysis of the peptide?
oo. nh,
y\7
1
ch,
|
h ch, h h h ch,
ss. j %. i |
a n—c—cooh n—c— cooh n—c— cooh
h” | h | h” |
h ch, h
|
o. pia oh
ai
h ch, h 4 h ch,
\x 1 xl %& j
b n—c—cooh n—c—cooh n—c— cooh
h | h” | h” |
h h—c—oh h
|
op -
bi
h ch, h h h ch;
xl x 1 x
cc n—c—cooh n—c— cooh n—c— cooh
he | h | h |
h ch, h
|
o. nh: oh
no
|
h ch, h hi h a
\x 1 xo] % j
d n—c—cooh n—c—cooh n—c—cooh
h | h | h” |
h ch, h
|
oh

12 the diagram shows a haemoglobin molecule.
-globin chain —_
b 9g 4 a! 3
ov’ us we
- a ‘ 1 ¢ / boa y a-globin chain
: es yy" ‘yn ip } ans ag
& | x ( f
! 7 \ ss ae } : 9 : a a j
. h 4
2 , = de re!
= y : )
\ = >» , “ pr
ne ea
\\ _-& ws
: hes
poke” iy
a-globin a c eo y f '
ww)
ed 6-globin chain
dl
which row identifies the different parts of the molecule?
ee ee
a a-helix b-pleated binding site hydrophobic
sheet amino acids
b binding site hydrophilic a-helix hydrophobic
amino acids amino acids
c haem hydrophobic a-helix hydrophilic
group amino acids amino acids
d hydrophobic b-pleated haem binding site
amino acids sheet atom

13 bacterial cells divide by a process called binary fission.
which macromolecules must be synthesised for binary fission?
1 cell membrane proteins and rna
2 dna and peptidoglycan
3. enzymes and cellulose
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c 2and3only d = 3only

14 a student carried out experiments to investigate the effect of enzyme concentration on the rate of
hydrolysis (break down) of protein in milk.
when the enzyme and milk were mixed, the protein was hydrolysed and the mixture changed
from cloudy to clear.
the student investigated five different enzyme concentrations and recorded the time taken to
reach the end-point for each.
what is an appropriate control for this investigation?
a carrying out a further experiment where the enzyme solution is replaced with water.
b_ carrying out each experiment in a thermostatically regulated water-bath at 35°c.
c_ performing three repeat experiments for each of the five enzyme concentrations.
d_ using the same volume of enzyme solution for each of the five experiments.

15 what determines the specificity of an enzyme?
1 the bonding between r groups of the polypeptide
2 the optimum ph of the enzyme
3. the peptide bonds between amino acids of the polypeptide
4 the shape of the substrate molecule
a 1,2,3and4 b= 1and3 only cc 1only d 2,3 and4 only

16 the graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate at which the enzyme in a biological
washing powder digests and removes fruit juice stains.
rate of
reaction
temperature
which statements explain the shape of the graph at temperatures higher than x?
1 bonds are broken between the r groups of the amino acids in the polypeptide chains
of the enzyme.
2 there are more collisions between the enzyme and its substrate.
3. the tertiary structure of the enzyme is altered.
4 the shapes of the active site and the substrate are no longer complementary.
a 1,2and3 b 1,2and4 c 1,3 and4 d 2,3 and4

17 what describes a carrier protein in cell surface membranes?

a aglycoprotein that is found on the outer surface of the membranes allowing cell recognition

ba glycoprotein that is involved in moving substances through the membranes by both active
and passive transport

ca protein that allows the attachment of signalling molecules which brings about changes
within the cell

da protein that is involved in moving substances through the membranes by passive transport
through water-filled pores

18 what could happen to a typical bacterium when it is placed in surroundings which have a less
negative water potential than that inside the cell?
a the bacterium will burst because the cell wall has no structural function.
b_ the bacterium will die since water leaves the cell by osmosis.
c_ there is no change because the cell wall is impermeable to water.
d_ there will be a net movement of water into the bacterium.

19 by which process do hydrogencarbonate ions leave red blood cells?
a active transport
b_ endocytosis
c facilitated diffusion
d_ phagocytosis

20 in an experiment, fluorescent dyes were used to label proteins on the outer surface of cell surface
membranes. living human cells were labelled with one colour of fluorescent dye and mouse cells
with a different colour of fluorescent dye.

a human cell and a mouse cell are then fused to form a hybrid cell.

at first, the different fluorescent labels remain separate, but after 40 minutes they are distributed
randomly across the hybrid cell surface membrane.

what does this experiment show?

a proteins are found only on the outer surface of cell surface membranes.

b_ proteins in the outer layer of a bilayer do not penetrate into the inner layer.

c_ proteins move freely in the phospholipids of a bilayer.

d_ the cell surface membranes of the two cells are bilayers.

21 the diagram shows the mitotic cell cycle.
during which phase is dna replicated?
ij cell division

22 the electron micrograph shows a group of human chromosomes.
: :
bree sem “wkaeen ees "
aie wt ae} fe oe
es sarin se ss
v9 $s mi sassi (isk: ate
l 2, ee oy ki | ww
so as “eee se
y sie bar ey
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ey aa ae ng
een j be oe 3
: eee se (cs
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sr re we
x
which label is correct for each of the structures labelled w, x and y?
ee ee ee ee
a centriole centromere chromatid
b centriole centromere microtubule
cc centromere telomere chromatid
d centromere telomere microtubule
a

23 which statement about the behaviour of chromosomes during mitosis is correct?
a_ they attach to the spindle fibres to contain them within the nucleus.
b_ they condense to prevent further translation of genes.
c_ they reach the poles of the cell and become longer and thinner.
d_ they replicate to produce sufficient dna to form two new nuclei.

24 what is the smallest unit of a dna molecule that can be altered by a mutation and cause a
change to the coding of a polypeptide?
a_ base
b~ codon
c gene
d_ nucleotide

25 which statements about trna are correct?
1 contains base pairing
2 contains hydrogen bonds
3. is single stranded
a 1,2and3 b 1and2only c 1and3only d = 2and3only

26 the table shows the role of four different proteins involved in dna replication.
: ; p single-strand
protein helicase topoisomerase binding protein dna polymerase
unwinds the breaks and rejoins | binds to separated | synthesises strand
role parental dna the dna strands dna strands to of dna
double helix stabilise them
which shows the function of these proteins?
” , single-strand
| | helicase topoisomerase binding protein dna polymerase
a adds dna prevents original enables tension makes strands
nucleotides to the 3' | strands reforming caused by available as
end of a growing complementary unwinding to be templates
polynucleotide base pairs released
strand
b enables tension prevents original makes strands adds dna
caused by strands reforming available as nucleotides to the 3'
unwinding to be complementary templates end of a growing
released base pairs polynucleotide
strand
cc enables tension makes strands adds dna prevents original
caused by available as nucleotides to the 3' | strands reforming
unwinding to be templates end of a growing complementary
released polynucleotide base pairs
strand
d makes strands enables tension prevents original adds dna
available as caused by strands reforming | nucleotides to the 3'
templates unwinding to be complementary end of a growing
released base pairs polynucleotide
strand

27 which type of sugar and which type of bond are found in a dna molecule?
[pe oteugar [ype ofbond |
a non-reducing glycosidic
b non-reducing hydrogen
cc reducing peptide
d reducing hydrogen

28 the diagrams represent transverse sections of three plant organs.
2
4 5
male
= @ ax
o 8 9
@
ae
6
1 3
root stem leaf
which row is correct for phloem?
[et [sem al
a 1 3 5
b 1 4 6
cc 2 3 6
d 2 4 5

29 sucrose moves from a phloem sieve tube element into a root cell.
which changes to the water potential and the volume of liquid in the phloem sieve tube element
are correct?
|| water potential volume of liquid
a becomes higher decreases
b becomes higher increases
cc becomes lower decreases
d becomes lower increases

30 which statements about water movement in plants are correct?
1 water can pass through cellulose cell walls.
2 water can pass through lignified cell walls.
3 water cannot pass through suberin in cell walls.
a 1,2and3 b 1and2only c 1and3only d = 2and3only

31 the photomicrograph is a transverse section of a leaf.
oe
ones ame of gs 9 ap comma o°" ges to
~~ wane 10. ea@cnm~ es = cs
fh) f et ny ii iis wh it ri
f ey hieeaceeoai’ sia dh'bity
rn wey: ar ney netn! j bh, ‘ f 4
eo rr ss
re ewe a ee
yep ak ie) re ee oe eel
ooh hs bee ss
bee saf fek i wa, 1
hee ey tiy 4h hee. f
de. | a oe — er
pea) ae sp 'g)) os" _?
= =" @ | ean ane z 8s
which features are characteristic of xerophytes?
a 1,3,4and5 b 1,2and3 c 1,2and5 d 2,3,4and5

32 a maize crop is successfully growing in a field in which the water potential of the soil is -40 kpa.
what is the most likely water potential of the cell sap in the root hair cell?
a -60kpa b -40kpa c -20kpa d okpa

33 the contraction of the heart is coordinated through electrical impulses passing through the
cardiac muscle.
which is the correct order of part of the sequence of these impulses?
a right and left atria > sinoatrial node — atrioventricular node — ventricular walls
b | sinoatrial node — right and left atria > atrioventricular node > purkyne tissue
c _ sinoatrial node —> right and left atria > purkyne tissue — atrioventricular node
d - sinoatrial node — right and left atria + purkyne tissue > ventricular walls

34 which features enable the aorta to withstand ventricular systole?
a collagen fibres and elastin fibres
b_ collagen fibres and smooth muscle
c_ elastin fibres and endothelium
d_ endothelium and smooth muscle

35 which row is correct for the pulmonary artery?
[| lod cared [scien was [men size
a | deoxygenated thick small
b | deoxygenated thin large
cc oxygenated thick small
d oxygenated thin large

36 the graph shows oxygen dissociation curves of adult oxyhaemoglobin in different carbon dioxide
concentrations, 1 and 2.
100 q
as”
80 we
percentage 60 ee
saturation of pa
haemoglobin ra
with oxygen 40 eo
20 fa
4 lo
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
partial pressure of oxygen/kpa
which conditions could change the shape of curve 1 to the shape of curve 2?
a high carbon dioxide concentration causing a decrease in ph
b high carbon dioxide concentration causing an increase in ph
c_ low carbon dioxide concentration causing a decrease in ph
d_lowcarbon dioxide concentration causing an increase in ph

37 which characteristic of the human gaseous exchange surface and the lungs, maintains the
necessary concentration gradients for carbon dioxide and oxygen?
a_ good ventilation of the lungs
b large surface area of the alveoli
clow resistance to air flow
d the walls of the alveoli are thin

38 which identifies the tissues present in the trachea?
(—~).-)
goblet cells

39 the global mortality figures for some diseases in 2002 are shown in the table.

cause of millions of percentage

death deaths of all deaths
hiv/aids 2.8 44
tb 1.6 2.7
malaria 1.3 2.2
measles 0.6 1.1

how many millions of people died in 2002 from the bacterial diseases listed in the table?
a 06 b 1.6 c 2.2 d 27

40 b-lymphocytes and t-lymphocytes are often unable to respond to the antigens on pathogens that
are intracellular parasites.
what is the reason for this?
a_ the antigens are constantly mutating.
b_ the antigens can destroy the lymphocytes.
c_ the lymphocytes do not encounter the antigens.
d_ the lymphocytes do not recognise the antigens.

Solve 9700_s17_qp_11