biology

1 where are cisternae found in a cell?
1 endoplasmic reticulum
2 golgi body
3. mitochondrion
a 1and2 b 1and3 c 1only d 2and3

2 the diagram shows an eyepiece graticule and part of a stage micrometer scale as seen using
x100 magnification.
eyepiece grticule i ni ju
stage micrometer scale | | | | | | | | |
-~————___________»|
0.1mm
how is the value, in um, of one eyepiece graticule unit calculated?
a divide 100 by 0.1 and multiply by 1000
b_ divide 100 by 0.1 and multiply by 1000 divided by 100
c multiply 0.1 by 1000 and divide by 100
d~ multiply 0.1 by 1000 and divide by 100 then divide again by 100

3 it is possible for a bacterium to synthesise a eukaryotic protein.
this involves introducing a eukaryotic gene into the bacterial dna, which can be translated.
what explains why a bacterial cell can produce a eukaryotic protein but cannot produce a
eukaryotic glycoprotein?
a_ bacteria do not have 70s ribosomes.
b_ bacteria do not have a nuclear envelope.
c_ bacteria do not have golgi bodies.
d_ bacteria do not have mitochondria.

4 which structures are found in both typical eukaryotic cells and typical prokaryotic cells?
1 70s ribosomes
2 80s ribosomes
3. circular dna
a 1,2and3 b tand3only c_  1only d = 2only

5 steps 1-4 are used to test for a non-reducing sugar.

1 put 5cm*of solution into a test-tube.
2 add a few drops of acid.
3 neutralise with alkali.
4 add 6cm* benedict's solution.

when is the solution boiled?

a between steps 1 and 2

b_ between steps 2 and 3 and after step 4

c_ between steps 2 and 3 only

d_ after step 4 only

6 which diagram snows the monomer otf cellulose ?
a b cc d
ch,oh ch,oh ch,oh ch,oh
h ooh ho oh h oh h ©. oh

h h h h

oh h oh h oh h oh ho

ho h h oh ho oh ho h

h oh h oh h oh h h

7 the diagram shows some of the relationships between cellulose, collagen and haemoglobin.
which row is correct?
a ee ee
a cellulose carbohydrate collagen protein haemoglobin
b cellulose fibrous haemoglobin structural collagen
[e haemoglobin globular cellulose carbohydrate collagen
d haemoglobin protein collagen structural cellulose

6 [he diagram shows a protein molecule.
vi + globular
vo -| head
ni ss
key
1 oe
“ex y : — long polypeptide
ma ss. ---- short polypeptide
two long polypeptides each form a-helices for much of their length and these twist together into a
fibre.
at one end, each of these polypeptides coils into a globular head.
two short polypeptides bind to each head.
what describes the protein structure of this molecule?
a quaternary structure because each molecule consists of six polypeptides
b_ secondary structure because the long polypeptides form a-helices
c tertiary structure because the a-helices form a fibre
d tertiary structure because the heads form globular proteins

9 which statements about both amylose and amylopectin are correct?

1 they are polymers.
2 they are formed by hydrolysis reactions.
3 they are linear molecules.
4 they contain a-1,4 glycosidic bonds.

a 1,2,3and4

b= 1,2 and 4 only

c 1and4only

d 2and 3 only

10 the graph shows energy changes in a chemical reaction.
1
af 4
energy fe isiciincencie an pecimictmindarrnt hoes
3
progress of reaction

what is the activation energy when an enzyme is added?

a 1+2 b 2only c 3-2 d 4

11. the graph shows the results of investigations into the effect of amylase on the hydrolysis of
starch at three different temperatures.
50°c
concentration of ae
reducing sugar 70°c
/ arbitrary units
0 30 60
time/ minutes
in each investigation the concentration and volume of the solutions was kept constant.
which conclusion may be drawn?
a 50°c is the optimum temperature of amylase.
b  at60°c all the starch is hydrolysed after 30 minutes.
c at70°c the amylase is denatured before hydrolysis is complete.
d_ the rate of hydrolysis of starch is faster at 50°c than at 70°c.

12 the graph compares the effect of temperature on the activity of the protease enzyme, papain,
when in solution (free) and when immobilised in alginate beads.
immobilised
papain
activity of
papain
free papain
0 20 40 60 80
temperature /°c
which statement about the effect of immobilisation of papain is correct?
a italters the shape of papain’s active site at higher temperatures.
b_ it decreases the activity of papain at higher temperatures.
c_itincreases the stability of papain at higher temperatures.
d_ it reduces the number of collisions of papain with the substrate.

13 which row is correct for facilitated diffusion of molecules or ions into a cell?
a atp required movement against the membrane protein
concentration gradient required
b atp required movement down the membrane protein
concentration gradient not required
cc atp not required movement against the membrane protein
concentration gradient not required
d atp not required movement down the membrane protein
concentration gradient required

14 the diagram represents an experiment where two solutions, p and q, were separated by a
partially permeable membrane.
partially permeable
membrane
08, ©|.5%2 0
; <= o oo | s °° 6.8 ;
solution p 9 6° ©.6,; et] 9) solution q
olo o | 9 go vo
60 6° oo haa) 0° [1
os o|*lj oe 2%
oo of of 9 90°,
ot [so ol o200
o 8 26
5.9 ° so od 2.
° 2%? "riehae
fe} fe}
iy i [eo ° ° am)
o ao fo l1%°
© ° o009
what is correct about the initial movement of the molecules o, [1 and — between the two
solutions, p and q?
net movement net movement no net
from q to p from p toq movement
a ° oo =>
b ° => o
cc o => °
d => ° oo
on nee

19 which tunctions are correct for components of the cell surlace membrane?
i
hydrophobic layer to occur dissolved ions
a cholesterol phospholipids and proteins phospholipids
b glycolipids phospholipids proteins
cc phospholipids proteins cholesterol
d proteins glycoproteins and glycolipids glycolipids

16 the diagram shows the cell cycle of a mammalian cell.
ke)» cytokinesis
checkpoints in the cell cycle of mammals prevent the cycle from continuing when mistakes are
made or dna is damaged.
four of the checkpoints are described.
1 mitosis is blocked if dna replication is incomplete.
2 anaphase is blocked if the assembly of chromatids on the spindle is unsuccessful.
3 dna replication is blocked if dna is damaged.
4 dna replication stops if damage to dna has not been repaired.
in which phases of the cell cycle do these checkpoints occur?
checkpoint
a m g1 ss g2
b g2 m g1 is)
cc g2 is) g1 m
d ss g2 m g1

17 the photomicrograph shows cells undergoing mitosis.
a u
ch ese *
7 as
# e/ ed
ea  * ;
which statement describes what will happen next in cell x?
a chromatin coils up tightly, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
b chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell and attach to the spindle.
c_ sister chromatids move towards opposite poles, pulled by the spindle fibres.
d_ spindle fibres break down, and the cell prepares for cytokinesis.

18 which statement about nucleotides is correct?
a adenine and guanine are pyrimidines.
b_ atp isa phosphorylated nucleotide.
c_ purines have a single ring structure.
d_ uracil replaces cytosine in rna.

19 scientists have made a nucleic acid (hna) that has a sugar with the same number of carbon
atoms as glucose instead of deoxyribose. although genetic information can be stored by hna,
naturally occurring dna polymerase cannot replicate hna.

which statements could explain why naturally occurring dna polymerase cannot replicate hna?
1 dna polymerase cannot form bonds between the sugars of two hna nucleotides.
2 dna polymerase cannot form hydrogen bonds between two hna nucleotides.
3 hna nucleotides do not fit into the active site of dna polymerase.
4 the shape of an hna nucleotide is slightly larger than that of a dna nucleotide.

a 1,2,3and4 b 1and4only c 2and3only d = 3and4only

20 meselson and stahl investigated dna replication by growing bacteria in a culture containing
heavy nitrogen, ‘°n, until all the dna was labelled.
these bacteria, the parental generation, were then transferred to a culture containing only light
nitrogen, “4n, and allowed to replicate for two generations.
dna was extracted from each generation of bacteria and its relative mass estimated. the flow
diagram shows the results.
sequence of events relative mass of dna
100%
parental generation labelled '°n _—___ heavy
' ‘ | . 100% .
first generation growth in '‘*n. ——————————. medium
| 50% _ medium
second generation growth in '4n <<
50% light
which row explains the relative mass of the dna in the second generation grown in “*n?
50% medium dna molecules 50% light dna molecules
a only *°n only “n only “n only “4n
b only *°n only °n only “n only “n
cc only *°n only *°n only “n only *n
d only *°n half ‘4n, half ‘°n only “4n half “4n, half ‘°n

21 which statement is correct?

a during transcription, mrna is synthesised from dna nucleotides to have the same
sequence of nucleotides as the dna strand on which it was made.

b_ during transcription, trna is synthesised from rna nucleotides and carries codons that are
complementary to the sequence of nucleotides on the dna strand on which it was made.

c_ during translation, mrna is synthesised from rna nucleotides to have the complementary
sequence of nucleotides to that of the dna strand on which it was made.

d during translation, ribosomes join amino acids in a sequence determined by mrna with the
complementary sequence of nucleotides to that of the dna strand on which it was made.

22 the diagrams show transverse sections of parts of a plant.
leaf stem root
q 3
a 96m y
a @b
eero aep (g0) | eet
6
i g2
2
in the transverse sections, which tissues transport most amino acids?
pfr tet steals |e |
a v x v x x v key
b v x x v x v ¥ = transports most amino acids
cc x v v x v x x = does not transport most amino acids
d x v x v v x

23 the statements are descriptions of how water moves across the root to the xylem vessel
elements in plants.
1 water enters the intercellular spaces.
2 water enters the cytoplasm by osmosis.
3 water moves from cell to cell through plasmodesmata.
4 water moves through the cell wall.
which statements are correct for both the apoplast pathway and the symplast pathway?
a 1,2,3 and 4
b 1,2 and 3 only
c 2and4 only
d 4only

24 the diagram shows the tissues involved in the transport of sucrose in a plant.
where is the highest concentration of sucrose?
phloem
tube companion
element cell
388 see
. 5 uli : oe ‘oo! mesophyll cell
tt "
i "
lt) ww
uu “
1 wn
if)
s see
ye es root cell
a oo

25 which features adapt root hair cells for efficient absorption of water?
1 alarge number of mitochondria
2 alarge number of protein carriers in the cell surface membrane
3. alarge surface area to volume ratio
a 1,2and3 b tand2only c 2and3only d = 3only

26 =‘|hree areas involved in the control of heart action are listed.
1 atrioventricular node
2 purkyne tissue
3 sinoatrial node
in which order are they involved?
a 15253 b 15352 c 35152 d 352-1

27 as blood flows from an artery to a vein, the blood pressure in the vessels changes. the four
graphs represent data for blood vessels in the sequence shown.
key artery arteriole capillaries venule veins
(small artery) (small vein)
art a c v vein
which graph shows these changes correctly?
a b
blood blood
pressure pressure
art a c v_ vein art a oc v_ vein
cc d
blood blood
pressure pressure
art a c v_ vein art a oc v_ vein

28 how is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood?
a as carbaminohaemoglobin
b_ascarbonic acid
c as hydrogencarbonate ions
d_insolution in cytoplasm

29 when a doctor or nurse takes a blood sample from a person they use a needle to penetrate a
vein, not an artery.
which reasons explain why veins are used?
1 arteries carry blood under more pressure than veins.
2 arteries have a thicker middle layer than veins.
3 veins carry deoxygenated blood.
4 veins have a larger lumen than arteries.
a 1,2,3and4
b 1, 2 and 3 only
c 1,2 and 4 only
d 3and4only

30 the diagram is an incomplete summary explaining the role of haemoglobin in the carriage of
carbon dioxide.
: q 3
co, in plasma co, + 2=—4
|:
2 6+7
8 cr ci in plasma
o, in plasma 40, 11
1
10 ,
co, in plasma
12

which set of labels is correct?
a 1 = facilitated diffusion, 4 = carbonic acid, 7 = hydrogencarbonate ions
b 2= water, 8 = dissociation, 10 = carbaminohaemoglobin
c 3=carbonic anhydrase, 9 = oxyhaemoglobin, 11 = carbaminohaemoglobin
d 5 =carbonic anhydrase, 6 = hydrogen ions, 12 = red blood cell

31 which description of part of the gas exchange system is correct?
part.of gas . ciliated smooth
exchange cartilage eae goblet cells
epithelium muscle
system
a alveolus x v x x key
b bronchus v v v v jv = present
cc bronchiole x v v x x = absent
d trachea v v v x

32 when a person suffers an asthma attack, the tubes of the gas exchange system narrow and extra
mucus is produced.
which changes occur during an asthma attack?
1 activity of ciliated epithelium increases.
2 endocytosis in goblet cells increases.
3 smooth muscles are more active.
a 1,2and3 b 1and2only c 1and3only d = 2and3only

33 which factors result from paralysis of cilia caused by smoking?
1 accumulation of mucus
2 increased chance of lung infection
3 emphysema
4 — scarring of airway lining
a iand2 b 1and4 c 2and3 d 3and4

34 what is the minimum number of cell membranes a molecule of carbon dioxide and a molecule of
oxygen pass through during gas exchange between alveoli and the plasma in the capillaries?
[| cerbondioxde [onsen |

a 2 4
b 3 5
cc 4 4
d 4 5

35 which is correct for measles?
airborne
@& om
rash

36 some antibiotics are used in animal feed to reduce disease.
what explains why these antibiotics should not be used in the treatment of human diseases?
a human cells may stop responding to these antibiotics.
b humans may be allergic to these antibiotics.
c_ pathogenic bacteria may develop resistance to these antibiotics.
d_ useful gut bacteria may be killed by these antibiotics.

37 in what order do the following processes occur to produce a population of bacteria that are
resistant to a new antibiotic?
1 change in reproductive success of bacteria
2 increase in frequency of the resistance allele in the population
3. increase in genetic variation within the population
4 random mutation occurs in bacterial dna
a 1535254
b 251>53>4
c 354>51>2
d 453>51>2

38 which type of new vaccine production would be most important in the fight to eradicate measles
in developing countries?
a acombined vaccine to combat it and other diseases
b_asingle vaccine, without the need for boosters
ca vaccine containing only live measles pathogens
d  avaccine containing monoclonal antibodies

39 the photomicrograph shows human blood, with three types of white cell labelled.
' @a @-
s—tk dee ¢

which row correctly identifies these white cells?
ee ee ee
a lymphocyte lymphocyte lymphocyte
b lymphocyte phagocyte phagocyte
cc phagocyte lymphocyte phagocyte
d phagocyte phagocyte lymphocyte

40 a monoclonal antibody specific for a virus was produced.
this antibody was treated with an enzyme to break the bonds between the variable and constant
regions.
the separated variable and constant regions were then added to cells infected with the virus.
which statements are correct?
1 the constant regions would bind to different parts of the virus antigens.
2 the viruses could be engulfed by phagocytes if they were present.
3. the variable regions would all bind to the same part of the virus antigens.
a iand2 b 1and3 c 2only d = 3only

Solve 9700_s17_qp_13