biology

1. which row is correct for a typical plant cell?
-]catwat | caitameter | bosomes |
a cellulose 1-5um 80s
b cellulose 5-40 um 70s and 80s
cc peptidoglycan 1-5um 70s
d peptidoglycan 5-40 um 70s and 80s

2  anelectron micrograph of a cell shows large quantities of rough endoplasmic reticulum and many
golgi bodies.
what type of cell is being viewed?
a bacterium
b guard cell
c lymphocyte
d_ mesophyll

3 which cell structures can form vesicles?
cell structure

cell surface endoplasmic golgi body

membrane reticulum
a v v v key
b v jv x / = can form vesicles
cc v x v x = cannot form vesicles
d x jv v

4 which set of measurements is correct?
diameter of diameter of red tee bree suieee
4 membrane of red blood
capillary blood cell

cell

a 7um 7um 7nm

b 7um 7nm 7nm

cc 0.7mm 7um 7nm

d 0.7mm 0.7mm 7um

5 the size of the measles virus is approximately 150 nm.
the mimivirus is approximately 4.5 times larger than the measles virus, whilst the pandoravirus is
approximately 1.5 times larger than the mimivirus.
which viruses can be seen using both a light microscope with a maximum resolution of 0.25 um
and an electron microscope?
[ [eases vius [minis | pandoravies |
a v ot jv key
b x v v /=can be seen
cc x x v x = cannot be seen
d x x x

6 which carbonyarate gives a brick red colour wnen boiled with benedict s solution ¢
a cellulose
b fructose
c_ glycogen
d_ sucrose

7 which two polysaccharides both have 1,6 glycosidic bonds and are branched?
a amylopectin and amylose
b amylopectin and glycogen
c amylose and glycogen
d glycogen and cellulose

8 three carbonydrate molecules are shown.
ch,oh ch,oh
ch,oh
[e) ie) oh [@)
oh
oh
oh ch,oh oh
ho oh ho
oh oh oh
1 2 3
which two molecules combine to form a molecule of sucrose?
a 1and2 b iand3 c 2and3 d_ two of molecule 1

9 the diagram shows the amino acids in a polypeptide.
key
type of amino acid
|| polar basic
x » polar acidic
: ng od lys < » polar
lys (leu) @ non-polar
(val) --
lys ¢ciu>
i (met) arg che)
che) »
(val) we) his (ala)
c terminal end i : <eiu)
lys
: n terminal end
an enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of bonds between polar basic amino acids and non-polar
amino acids.
how many peptides (chains of amino acids) will be formed as the result of the hydrolysis of this
polypeptide?
a 5 b 6 cc 8 d 13

10 lysozyme is an enzyme found in tears and saliva.
which statement refers only to the tertiary structure of lysozyme?
a_ a section of the molecule consists of an a-helix.
b_ it consists of a single polypeptide.
c_ itis 129 amino acids long.
d_ the 35th and 52nd amino acids help form the active site.

11 some rna molecules, called ribozymes, can catalyse reactions in a similar way to protein
enzymes.
most of these ribozymes have other rna molecules as their substrates and catalyse reactions
that break specific sugar phosphate bonds in the substrate molecules.
which statements about these ribozymes are correct?
1 hydrogen, ionic and disulfide bonds will be involved in the ribozyme structure.
2 the active site of a ribozyme is formed from a specific sequence of nucleotides.
3 ribozymes can form because rna can have a specific secondary and tertiary
structure.
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c 1and3only d = 2and3only

12 the graph shows the effect of an enzyme on a reaction.
eo iw key
pa a % ----y
energy | substrate >” ye
ate et - *
a
|z
on ae product
time
which labels are correct?
a_ xis the reaction without the enzyme, w is the activation energy.
b_ xis the reaction with the enzyme, z is the overall energy change.
cy is the reaction with the enzyme, w is the difference in activation energy.
d_ zis the energy gained by the product, w is the activation energy with the enzyme.

13 which statements about non-competitive enzyme inhibitors are correct?
1 the inhibitor can bind to the enzyme whether or not the enzyme has its substrate
bound in the active site.
2 the inhibitor may bind at an allosteric site.
3. the inhibitor may not prevent substrate binding at the active site, but will prevent
product formation.
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c 1and3only d = 2and3only

14 the following are all processes that allow movement into cells.
1 phagocytosis
2 active transport
3 facilitated diffusion
which processes require atp?
a iand2 b 2and3 c 1only d = 2only

15 the fluidity of the cell surface membrane can be changed by a number of factors.
as the fluidity of cell surface membranes decreases, which process would be least affected?
a active transport
b_ diffusion
c_ endocytosis
d_ osmosis

16 the diagram shows the cell cycle.
during which phase do chromosomes condense and become visible?
cell division

17 colchicine is a chemical that stops chromatids from separating during mitosis.
a cell is treated with colchicine.
which stage of mitosis will this cell reach but not complete?
a anaphase
b- metaphase
c prophase
d_ telophase

18 ihe following statements describe the process of translation.

1 a peptide bond forms between adjacent amino acids.
2 hydrogen bonds form between the anticodon and the codon.
3 mrna binds to the ribosome.
4 trna enters the ribosome carrying a specific amino acid.

in which order does this process take place?

a 3>2>51>4

b 3>4>2->1

c 4525153

d 4525351

19 which row represents the correct features of the nitrogenous base adenine?
joins its
has a ;
single ring is a purine complementary pairs with
base by three thymine
structure
hydrogen bonds
& e v x x key
5 ¥ x v x / = true
. - vf x v x = false
d x x x v

20 the codons ugu and ugc code for the amino acid cysteine, which can form disulfide bonds in a
polypeptide.
the codon ugg codes for the amino acid tryptophan, which does not contain a sulfur atom.
the codon uga is a stop signal.
the dna triplet code for the 10th amino acid in a particular polypeptide is aca.
which single base substitutions in this triplet code will result in no disulfide bond being formed
with the 10th amino acid in the polypeptide?
a acc and acg
b acg and act
c act and acc
d act only

21 a student produced a table of differences between rna and una. ine table contains one

mistake.
which row has the mistake?
ee

a contains ribose contains deoxyribose

b contains uracil contains thymine

cc found throughout cell found only in nucleus

d | single polynucleotide per molecule | two polynucleotides per molecule

22 the diagrams show transverse sections of parts of a plant with some transport tissues labelled
1-6.
leaf stem root
p 3
er \n 4 5
qby¥h
c0200 0 oo d ;
new q2
2
which tissues mainly transport water and which tissues mainly transport sucrose?
:

23 transpiration is the consequence of which feature of plants?
a the presence of symplast and apoplast pathways
b_ the requirement for a transport system in plants
c_ the requirement for leaves to exchange gases
d the thin waxy cuticle on the lower epidermis of leaves

24 mass flow is the bulk movement of materials from one place to another.
how many of the vessels listed carry fluids by mass flow?
e artery
e phloem sieve tube
e vein
e xylem vessel
a 1 b 2 c 3 d 4

25 the diagram shows a xerophytic leaf in different conditions, p and q.
xx
p q
which statements describe the difference between the cells in layer x in conditions p and q?
1 more negative water potential in p than q
2 more cells plasmolysed in p
3 cells less turgid in q
4 water potential becomes zero in q
a 1,2and3 b tand2only c 2and4 d 3and4

26 what could increase the rate of transpiration?
a increasing the humidity
b increasing the light intensity
c_ decreasing the temperature
d_ decreasing the wind speed

27 what happens during ventricular systole in a mammalian heart?
a aortic pressure increases
b atrioventricular valves open
c_ semilunar valves close
d ventricular pressure decreases
in

28 which substances could displace oxygen from oxyhaemoglobin?
1 carbon dioxide
2 carbon monoxide
3. hydrogencarbonate ions
4 hydrogen ions
a iand2 b 1and4 c 2and3 d 2and4

29 the graph shows the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen at two different concentrations of carbon
dioxide.
which point on the graph shows the percentage saturation of haemoglobin entering the
pulmonary artery?
cl! low co,
100 high co,
‘sd
percentage ; 1
saturation 504 a 1
of haemoglobin }
with oxygen
1b
0
partial pressure of oxygen/kpa

30 the diagram shows some of the reactions of carbon dioxide when it enters the blood from cells in
a metabolically active tissue.
which reaction is catalysed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase?
co,
a b
plasma co, + h,o > h,co, > h* + hco,
cc d
co, + h,o — h,co, ~ h* + heo,-
red blood cell

31 how many phospholipid bilayers does oxygen pass through in diffusing from an alveolar air
space to form oxyhaemoglobin in a red blood cell in a mammalian lung?
a 3 b 5 cc 6 d9

32 which statements about the human gas exchange system are correct?
1 the absence of cartilage in small bronchioles allows them to expand.
2 the walls of the alveoli are made of cuboidal epithelium.
3. alveoli secrete surfactant which reduces surface tension in the lungs.
4 the trachea and bronchi are supported by circles of cartilage.
a iand2 b 1and3 c 2and4 d 3and4

33 a disease damages alveoli walls, causing the alveoli to burst.
what effect does this have on the gas exchange system?
surface area for maximum volume

gas exchange of air breathed out
a decreases decreases
b decreases increases
cc decreases no change
d no change no change

34 what are short-term effects of nicotine on the cardiovascular system?
1 constriction of small arteries
2 increase in heart rate
3. increase in blood pressure
a 1,2and3 b 1and2only c 1and3only d = 2and3only

35 what is correct for tuberculosis (tb)?
airborne
“ey ey
rash

36 which factors contribute to outbreaks of measles after natural disasters?
1 contamination of drinking water with untreated sewage
2 lack of effective vaccination coverage in the population before the disaster
3. people living in overcrowded accommodation
a 1,2and3 b iand2only c tand3only d 2and 3 only

37 which of these statements explain why some vaccines can be taken by mouth but tuberculosis
(tb) vaccine has to be injected?
1 macrophages present antigens in vaccines to stimulate an immune response.
2 the tb antigens necessary to produce an immune response are proteins which
would be digested in the stomach and small intestine.
3 there are no b-lymphocytes and t-lymphocytes in the stomach.
a 1,2and3 b 1dand2only c tand3only d 2only

38 which method of gaining immunity can be described as natural active immunity?
a__ feeding on colostrum
b _ inhaling the chicken pox virus
c injection with antibodies
d_ through the placenta

39 which statements about endocytosis are correct?
1 itis part of phagocytosis.
2 itis a passive process.
3 materials are taken into the cell.
4 vesicles form within the cytoplasm.
a 1,2and3 b 1,2and4 c 1,3and4 d 2,3and4

40 the statements refer to vaccination programmes for each of the diseases cholera, measles,
smallpox and tuberculosis (tb).
which statement is correct for tb?
a most children are vaccinated before their first birthday.
b_ the pathogen has not mutated or changed its antigens.
c_ the pathogen lives in the intestine where antibodies cannot get to it.
d_ the vaccine is not effective against some strains of the pathogen.

Solve 9700_w17_qp_11