biology

1 which steps are needed to find the actual width of a xylem vessel viewed in transverse section
using a x10 objective lens?
1 convert from mm to um by multiplying by 107°.
2 calibrate the eyepiece graticule using a stage micrometer on x4 objective lens.
3 measure the width of the xylem vessel using an eyepiece graticule.
4 multiply the number of eyepiece graticule units by the calibration of the eyepiece
graticule.
a 1,2,3and4
b- 1and 2 only
c 2,3 and 4 only
d 3and4 only

2 the diagram shows functions of four cell structures, w, x, y and z.
w makes
glycolipid
z transports x makes
protein protein
y makes
lipid
which row correctly matches the cell structure with the letter representing a function?
rough smooth
golgi body ribosome endoplasmic | endoplasmic
reticulum reticulum
a ww xx z ¥
b x z ¥ ww
cc ¥ ww xx z
d zz y ww xx

3. which cell structures produce atp?
1 chloroplasts
2 mitochondria
3 nucleus
a 1,2and3 b 1and2only c 1and3only d = 2and3only

4 when mucus is secreted from a goblet cell these events take place.

1. addition of carbohydrate to protein
2 _ fusion of the vesicle with the cell surface membrane
3. secretion of a glycoprotein
4 separation of a vesicle from the golgi body

what is the sequence in which these events take place?

a 1545253

b 15453 >2

c 4515253

d 45135352

5 which row could be correct for a virus?

a v jv jv v jv v7
b v x v x x v
cc x j x x x v
d x jv x x v x

key

jv = present

x = not present

6 which size range would include most prokaryouc cells ¢
a b cc d
a a a a a:
rr ss a |
dnm 100nm dum 100 um 1mm

7 solutions of three biological molecules are tested for sugars. the table shows the colours of the
solutions after testing.
7 cy boiled with hydrochloric acid,
solution hier wlth benedict 3 neutralised, then heated with
solution ae :
benedict's solution
1 blue orange
2 green green
3 orange red
which solutions contained glucose before testing?
a 1,2and3 b 1and2only c 1and3only d = 2and3only

8 a solution containing equal masses of amylose and amylopectin is completely hydrolysed.
which molecules will be found after the hydrolysis?
a a-glucose only
b_ £-glucose only
c equal masses of a-glucose and f-glucose
d_ more a-glucose than b-glucose

10 which feature of phospholipids enables a bilayer to form?
a they are insoluble in water.
b_ they are polar molecules.
c_ they have hydrophobic and hydrophilic components.
d_ they may contain saturated or unsaturated fatty acids.

11. which description is correct for collagen?

a_ a collagen molecule has a high proportion of the amino acid glycine, which has a very small
r group.

ba group of three collagen fibres forms a strong, insoluble coiled structure termed a triple
helix.

c_ each of the collagen polypeptides in a collagen molecule has a regular spiral arrangement of
many alpha helices.

d_ peptide bonds are present between amino acids of the different polypeptides forming the
collagen molecule.

12 which statement about the properties of water is correct?
a_ bonds between hydrogen atoms cause water to have a high specific heat capacity.
b_ the high latent heat of vaporisation of water is due to the presence of hydrogen bonds.
c_ the high specific heat capacity of water causes cooling during evaporation.
d_ water can dissolve amylopectin as it has hydrophilic side chains.

13 catechol is a chemical found in a number of fruits. catechol can be oxidised to a quinone by the
enzyme catechol oxidase.
catechol oxidase is inhibited by parahyroxybenzoic acid (phba) which is structurally similar to
catechol.
catechol oxidase is also inhibited by phenylthiourea (ptu) which binds to a copper atom in the
enzyme.
how do both these inhibitors reduce the enzyme activity?
1. altering the specificity of the enzyme
2 competing with substrates for the active site
3 decreasing the vinax of the reaction
a 1,2and3 b 1 only c 2only d = 3only

14 four students investigated the effect of catalase on hydrogen peroxide.
each student started a digital clock at the beginning of the experiment and stopped the clock after
25 bubbles had been counted.
the time recorded on the digital clock is shown below.
of a second
oo | oo |
which of the times recorded by the students is appropriate for this experiment?
a 1.34 minutes
b 1 minute 33.54 seconds
c 94 seconds
d 93.54 seconds

15 what is the effect of an enzyme in an enzyme-catalysed reaction?
a decreases the activation energy and decreases the energy yield
b_ decreases the activation energy and has no effect on the energy yield
c_ increases the activation energy and increases the energy yield
d_ increases the energy yield and decreases the activation energy

16 the diagram shows part of the cell surface membrane.
ay osrr of kaos
seh, ysekeeceea
zero gs
qao vle ay x
rears 8
~panaaanes®
oseecetonn.: i 2
4 rk nye a3
utr
yay £0 x2 2 oye
day or mas canes 3
| rect iiias
or wo ak ai
rsa ur ss
pou er
coe
which components act as antigens?
a iand2 b 1and3 c 2and3 d 2and4

17 which processes use energy in the form of atp?
1 endocytosis
2 exocytosis
3 facilitated diffusion
a 1,2and3 b 1and2only c 1and3only d = 2and3only

18 the diagram shows a partially plasmolysed plant cell.
5 c=
solution y
what is found at z?
a. air
b _ solution x
c solution y
d_ water

19 which features of an organism are affected by a drug that stops mitosis?

1 cell repair
2 cell replacement
3 number of stem cells
4 tissue repair
5 tumour formation

a 1,2,3,4and5

b 1,2 and 3 only

c 1,4 and 5 only

d 2,3,4 and 5 only

20 which row shows the appearance of a chromosome at the beginning of prophase of mitosis and
the number of dna strands in the chromosome?
appearance of number of
one chromosome dna strands
a i 2
b 4
cc \ 1
d \ 2

21 the graph shows measurements taken during one mitotic cell cycle.
x fa
i 2f
' c
' ’
' c
t c
t /
/
1 t a
distance { /
e agh
toy
1 a
' /
lod
i ‘
4
iat
if
ue
0 5 10 15 20 25
time/ minutes
which stage of mitosis begins at x and which measurements are shown by curves 1 and 2?
distance between "
distance between
stage centromeres of
sr centromeres of
beginning at x | chromosomes and : :
: sister chromatids
poles of spindle
a anaphase 1 2
b anaphase 2 1
[e metaphase 1 2
d metaphase 2 1

22 the diagram shows the outline structure of two nucleotide bases which occur in dna.
this pair is held together by two hydrogen bonds, shown as dashed lines.
do nucleotide 2
nucleotide 1
which row correctly identifies these two nucleotide bases?
| | nucleotide 1 nucleotide 2
a adenine thymine
b cytosine guanine
cc guanine cytosine
d thymine adenine

23 dna polymerase catalyses condensation reactions between molecules during semi-conservative
replication of dna.
which two molecules are joined by dna polymerase?
a base and base
b__ base and nucleotide
c nucleotide and nucleotide
d__ phosphate and deoxyribose

24 what occurs during each of dna replication and transcription and translation?
1 atp provides energy.
2 condensation reactions occur to form a polymer.
3 hydrogen bonds form between purine and pyrimidine bases.
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c 2only d = 3only

25 part of a sequence of dna from a person with a genetic disease is:
tagtaaccacaaagg
the corresponding sequence of dna from a person without this genetic disease is:
tagtaaaaaccacaaagg

the possible mrna codons for some amino acids are shown in the table.
1 ggu ggc gga ggg
2 auu auc aua
3 uuu = uuc
4 ucu ucc uca  ucg

which amino acid is missing from a person with this genetic disease?

a 1 b 2 cc 3 d 4

26 ihe photomicrograph shows a section through a plant organ.
yee > |
i ee
pages oa at |
eames on aro ee
etme sns vp cob oe ees i.
peer oe @ ame ol 80;:
sees meeresctenc
eee se at i ep
ae
which statement could be used to describe this organ?
a_ the central region of this organ has supporting tissue.
b_ the endodermis tissue is a thick layer around the edge of the organ.
c_ the epidermis tissue in this organ has unicellular extensions (trichomes).
d_ the xylem tissue is found in greatest density in the centre of the organ.

27 which diagram correctly represents part of a sieve tube element?
a b
i cell wall see «|l-dense cytoplasm
th on lumen ee @||-~
4 aa |
st sieve plate se sieve plate
cc d
co : ||| thin layer of cytoplasm
ul acs | ‘ _ cell wall
ha ’ ) (bi
/\ l| sieve plate i vil sieve plate

28 which of the processes involved in water movement through xylem vessels depends on
hydrogen bonding between water molecules?
a_ adhesion
b_ cohesion
c_ evaporation
d hydrostatic pressure

29 which statements about water movement in plants are correct?
1 water can pass through cellulose.
2 water cannot pass through lignin.
3 water can pass through suberin.
a 1,2and3 b 1and2only c tand3only d = 2and3only

30 which blood vessel has the thickest walls?
a
° meee
. eg
wn
vi

31. which statement about the role in the mammalian circulatory system of the heart, blood vessels
and blood is correct?

a_ the contraction of heart muscle causes blood to enter arteries that pump the blood to
organs, causing the formation of tissue fluid between cells before returning to the heart in
veins.

b_ the heart connects two sets of blood vessels so that oxygen from the lungs can be
distributed by red blood cells and wastes can be collected from tissues by blood plasma for
removal.

c_ the heart muscle contracts and relaxes causing blood, carrying materials from one part of
the body to another, to move through blood vessels that connect the different parts of the
body.

d_ the heart provides enough pressure to push blood through arteries to capillaries between
cells causing filtration of blood and the formation of tissue fluid which diffuses back into
veins.

32 what explains how the maximum uptake of oxygen occurs as blood passes through the

capillaries of the lungs?

a each haemoglobin molecule can temporarily bind to four oxygen atoms.

b  oxyhaemoglobin formation increases the capacity of red blood cells to transport oxygen.

c_ the binding of the first oxygen molecule to haemoglobin decreases the molecule’s affinity for
binding other oxygen molecules.

d_ the dissociation of carbon dioxide from carboxyhaemoglobin allows more haemoglobin to be
available for oxygen binding.

33 at high altitudes, the oxygen content of the air may be a third of that at sea level.
as a person climbs a mountain, their body gradually adjusts to the high altitude.
what is increased during this period of adjustment?

a the concentration of haemoglobin in the red blood cells

b_ the oxygen-carrying capacity of the haemoglobin

c_ the number of red blood cells per mm* of blood

d_ the rate at which haemoglobin releases oxygen to the tissues

34 what helps to maintain a concentration gradient between blood and the air in the alveolus?
a the flow of blood through the lungs
b_ the presence of haemoglobin in blood cells
c the single-celled alveolar walls
d_ the squamous epithelium of capillaries

35 the diagram shows three features found in the tissues of the gas exchange system.
¥
ciliated annie
eral: cells
epithelium
which structures of the gas exchange system could be represented at position x and at position
y in the diagram?
1 bronchiole
2 trachea
3. bronchus
pf x | vy
a 1 2 and 3
b 1and3 2
cc 2 1 and3
d 2 and 3 1

36 blood tests on people who regularly smoke cigarettes show that approximately 5% of their
haemoglobin carries carbon monoxide.
people who smoke e-cigarettes inhale a vapour with no carbon monoxide. a person who smokes
cigarettes regularly, switches to e-cigarettes and a blood test is carried out after a month.
which chemical in the blood would be found in a lower concentration in this blood test?
a carbaminohaemoglobin
b_ carbonic anhydrase
c_ carboxyhaemoglobin
d__hydrogencarbonate ions

37 emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, copd. people with emphysema
have a very low level of a plasma protein which inhibits the enzyme elastase.
elastase breaks down the elastic fibres in the bronchioles and alveoli.
which are effects of the low levels of inhibitor in people with emphysema?
1 alveoli do not stretch and recoil properly during inhalation and exhalation
2 blood is poorly oxygenated resulting in a rapid breathing rate
3. bronchioles collapse during exhalation trapping air in the alveoli
a 1,2and3 b 1and3only c_  1only d 2and 3 only

38 some antibiotics work by binding to ribosomes.
which statement explains why these antibiotics kill bacteria cells but do not kill most human
cells?
a mrna in bacteria is formed in the cytoplasm from naked dna.
b_ the antibiotics cannot pass through human cell membranes.
c_ the codes used for amino acids in bacteria are different from those used by humans.
d_ the ribosomes of bacteria have a different structure from those of humans.

39 where are antigens found?
on the surface on the surface | .
in blood plasma
of pathogen of macrophage
a v v x key
b v x v ¥ = antigens found
cc x v x x = antigens not found
d x x v

40 the diagram allows the identification of different types of immunity.
— "ay ae
short term long term
jl 1 \ / \
acquired by fetus from acquired by injection acquired as a result acquired by injection

Solve 9700_s18_qp_13