biology

1. a student was told that the actual length of a cell structure is 5 um.
the student was asked to state an equation that can be used to calculate the magnification of an
electron micrograph of this cell structure. the student used some of the letters q to u in the
equation.
q = the length of the cell structure image on the micrograph in centimetres
r= the length of the cell structure image on the micrograph in millimetres
s= 1000
i= 4
u=5
which is the correct equation to calculate the magnification?
a xu b qxsxt cc su d rxsxt

2 which features of cilia and root hairs are correct?
cannot be
. ; ‘ more than one
increase cell resolved with contain
: present ona
surface area the light vacuoles cell
microscope
a cilia cilia root hairs root hairs
b cilia root hairs cilia cilia
cc root hairs cilia root hairs cilia
d root hairs root hairs cilia root hairs
ee ae a a

3. which are functions of microtubules?
1 allowing movement of cilia in a bronchus
2 attachment of centromeres during metaphase
3 moving secretory vesicles around a cell
a 1,2and3 b 1and2only c 1and3only d = 2and3only

4 some cell structures are listed.
1 mitochondria
2 nucleus
3. chloroplasts
4 ribosomes
what is the correct order of these cell structures when listed from largest to smallest?
a 1,2,3,4 b 2,3,1,4 c 2,4,1,3 d 3,4,2,1

6 accel structure in the macrophage destroys bacteria. some bacteria stop this cell structure trom
functioning.
which cell structure in the macrophage is stopped from functioning by the bacteria?
a golgi body
b_ lysosome
c_ ribosome
d vesicle

7 a solution of amylase was added to a suspension of starch. after 30 seconds, three samples of
the mixture were tested with iodine solution, benedict’s solution or with biuret reagent.
which are the expected results?
| a toe a
a black green purple
b black red blue
cc brown blue purple
d brown yellow blue

8 astudent carried out a benedict’s test on several different known concentrations of a-glucose.
which graph represents the results correctly?
a b
time to first concentration
colour change of a-glucose
0 0
0 concentration 0 time to first
of a-glucose colour change
cc d
concentration time to first
of a-glucose colour change
0 0
0 time to first 0 concentration
colour change of a-glucose

9 the diagram shows three hexose sugars.
‘ical ore ch,oh 6
cc——o c——o |
h h h oh oh
or cn) rr a
ho\t t/bn wont aa int p7bu,0n
i of “oe
h oh h oh oh h
1 2 3
which row correctly shows examples of carbohydrates in which these three hexose sugars
occur?
[| sucrose | calose | strch |
a 1 2 3
b 1 3 2
cc 2 3 1
d 3 2 1

10 what can occur during condensation of carbohydrates?
a adisaccharide is produced from monosaccharides
b_ glycosidic bonds are broken
c_ molecules of water are used up
d monosaccharides are produced

11. what is true about triglycerides?
| reopnobie [soit in aloha!
a v v key
b v x ¥ = correct
cc x v x = not correct
d x x

12 what is the minimum number of carbon atoms in an amino acid?
a 1 b 2 cc 3 d 4

13 in an investigation, the same concentration of the enzyme phosphorylase was added to different
concentrations of glucose phosphate and incubated at 30°c. at 1 minute intervals, one drop of
the reaction mixture was removed and added to a drop of iodine solution on a white tile.

the diagram shows the results of this investigation.
concentration of glucose
phosphate /mg dm
a el
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
colour of
0 iodine solution
1 e°e
2 ee brown
ae 3 eo 8 © @ black
ime/ minutes 4 ee *
5 eee @
6 e©ee @ @
7 e©oeeee @
8 eee @ @ @ @
9 eeee#eeee
what explains the trend in the results of this investigation?
a_ phosphorylase catalyses a reaction converting glucose phosphate to starch.
b the maximum rate of reaction is reached at 20mg dm of glucose phosphate.
c_ substrate concentration is limiting at concentrations of glucose phosphate 25mgdm~ or
less.
d enzyme concentration is limiting at concentrations of glucose phosphate 25 mgdm~ or less.

14 what is the definition of the michaelis-menten constant, km, for an enzyme?
a vmax
b | half vinax
c_ the substrate concentration that gives vinax
d_ the substrate concentration that gives half vinax

15 the graph shows how the rate of entry of glucose into a cell changes as the concentration of
glucose outside the cell changes.
x
= (1

rate of entry

of glucose

into the cell

concentration of glucose
outside the cell

what is the cause of the plateau at x?
a_ all the carrier proteins are saturated with glucose.
b_ the carrier proteins are denatured and no longer able to function.
c_ the cell has used up its supply of atp.
d_ the concentrations of glucose inside and outside the cell are equal.

16 the diagram shows the movement of substance z across a cell surface membrane.
outside cell
membrane z = —
®@ ? 5 pa inside cell
—————
time
which process is involved in this movement?
a endocytosis
b_ exocytosis
c_ phagocytosis
d pinocytosis

17 visking tubing is often used as a model during experiments to investigate osmosis in plants.
what could visking tubing be used to represent?
gell suriage cell wall tonoplast
membrane p
a v jv jv key
b v x v jv = represents
cc v x x x = does not represent
d x v v

18 a scientist stains the chromosomes of a diploid plant cell with a tluorescent dye to observe the
telomeres.
this cell has 38 chromosomes.
how many telomeres will the scientist observe in one of the nuclei during telophase of mitosis?
a 38 b 76 cc 114 d 152

19 the photomicrograph shows a cell during mitosis.
pe; wince pec ea tat eee
tsca b lees et
what is happening in this cell?
1 centrioles are replicating.
2 spindle microtubules are shortening.
3 chromatin is condensing.
a 1,2and3 b j1and2only c 2only d = 3only

20 which events listed are part of mitosis?

1 interphase
2 prophase
3. cytokinesis

a 1,2and3

b 1 and 2 only

c 1only

d 2only

21 the graph shows the length of the spindle fibres during mitosis.
which region of the graph shows when all the centromeres have detached from the spindle
fibres?
|
r \eu
length of 1 ot
spindle fo !
fibres a 1 ot
zz d
time

22 ashort piece of dna, 19 base pairs long, was analysed to find the number of nucleotide bases in
each of the polynucleotide strands. some of the results are shown below.
number of nucleotide bases
strand 1 4
strand 2 fs s
how many nucleotide bases containing c were present in strand 1?
a 2 b 3 cc 5 d7

23 which nucleic acid bases are purines?
a_ adenine and cytosine
b_ cytosine and thymine
c guanine and adenine
d_ uracil and cytosine

24 ina genetic engineering experiment a piece of double-stranded dna containing 6000 nucleotides
coding for a specific polypeptide is transcribed and translated.
what is the total number of amino acids in this polypeptide?
a 500 b_ 1000 c 2000 d 3000

25 which statements about trna are correct?
1 hydrogen bonds between bases temporarily hold trna against mrna.
2 the base sequences in the trna molecules are the same as the base sequences in
the mrna that is being translated.
3 trna translates the base sequence in mrna into the amino acid sequence in a
protein.
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c t1and3only d 2and3only

26 the photomicrograph shows a transverse section of part of a dicotyledonous leaf.
@ se ,
or ee ve
ie > a at os ~*~ wha + » % ‘ %
_yee » .¢ shee os
kala =
a ny, vas =. sa
a\e \ wy kere poe '
ve, pe <#5 , es
4 caa sst ~~,
vt * 4 »: : :
ss =. 4 ay? ot: i ¢
4 sho ih a 7
ry, py) a
es et ul se :
> p i 2 ita? ¢ 3?
f= » ves =o
3 - re © -th
3 sf
' wt a
what are the correct labels for 1, 2, 3 and 4?
ee ee
a phloem xylem palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll
b phloem xylem spongy mesophyll palisade mesophyll
cc xylem phloem palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll
d xylem phloem spongy mesophyll palisade mesophyll

27 some of the features present in transport tissues in plants are listed.

1 lignified walls
2 cytoplasm
3 mitochondria
4 pits
5 plasmodesmata

which of these features are present in phloem sieve tube elements?

a 1,2and5 b 1,3 and4 c 2,3and5 d 2,4and5

28 the diagram shows the relationship between phloem sieve tube elements, xylem vessel
elements and companion cells.
1 3 5
which row is correct?
1 2 3 4 5
a companion endoplasmic phloem sieve no xylem vessel
cells reticulum tube elements nucleus elements
b companion nucleus phloem sieve cytoplasm xylem vessel
cells tube elements elements
cc phloem sieve mitochondria companion nucleus xylem vessel
tube elements cells elements
d xylem vessel no phloem sieve vacuole companion
elements cytoplasm tube elements cells

29 which statement correctly describes a transport pathway in plants?
a _ inthe apoplast pathway, water may move through plasmodesmata.
b_ inthe symplast pathway, water may move through intercellular spaces.
c_ the apoplast pathway may be blocked by the casparian strip.
d_ the symplast pathway may be blocked by the tonoplast.

30 the photograph shows an external view of the front of a mammalian heart.
r
; site
se f. > i>)
r a ya i
wr, 1 , ge a
sa vr"
wif ! q
7, a
he
which row identifies the position of the structures labelled p, q, r and s?
ee
a left atrium cardiac muscle purkyne tissue pulmonary vein
b left atrium left ventricle coronary artery vena cava
c right atrium cardiac muscle purkyne tissue aorta
d right atrium right ventricle coronary artery | pulmonary artery

31 what happens during ventricular systole?
1 the atrioventricular node transmits an electrical signal to the apex of the heart.
2 the pressure in the ventricles drops below the pressure in the atria.
3. the atrioventricular valves close and the semilunar valves open.
a ‘iand2only b 1and3only c 2only d = 3only

32 athletes often move from low altitude to high altitude to train for a race.
which statements about the effect of training at high altitude are correct?
1 higher concentrations of carbon dioxide stimulate greater oxygen dissociation.
2 lower concentrations of oxygen stimulate the uptake of more oxygen by red blood
cells.
3. lower partial pressures of oxygen stimulate higher production of red blood cells.
a ‘iand2only b 2and3only c_ 1only d 3only

33 the graph shows the oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curves at ph 7.6 and at ph 7.2.
which point on the graph shows the percentage saturation of haemoglobin in the blood leaving
an active muscle?
ph 7.6
c:
% d ph 7.2
percentage 'b
saturation of
haemoglobin
partial pressure of oxygen

34 which row correctly describes the short-term effects of carbon monoxide and nicotine on the
body of a smoker?
[| emandtorongen | oncentaton of gen in blood
a decreased by carbon monoxide increased by nicotine
b decreased by nicotine increased by carbon monoxide
cc increased by carbon monoxide decreased by nicotine
d increased by nicotine decreased by carbon monoxide

35 which statements about bronchioles are correct?
1 they have ciliated cells.
2 they have goblet cells.
3 they have muscle tissue.
a 1,2and3 b 1and2only c 1and3only d = 2and3only

36 which features are important for the diffusion of oxygen out of an alveolus?
1
blood pressure
forces red blood cells
through capillaries
2
4 aah it aon, 8
tactant tt epithelium is
surfactant presen 10 features permeable to
reduce surface tension ‘
respiratory gases
3
moist squamous
epithelium present
a 1,2and3 b 1,3 and4 c 1and3only d 2and4 only

37 the diagram shows some of the pathogens that cause disease in humans and some of the ways
they are transmitted.
1 2 _w
bacterium protoctist contaminated water
pathogen method of
| transmission
3 ¥ x
morbillivirus contaminated coughs and
food sneezes
what is the correct pathogen and method of transmission for measles?
a iandx b 2andw c 3andw d 3andx

38 which row is correct for each disease?
a caused by a can be transmitted eradication caused by
bacterium in breast milk programme a virus
and across placenta unsuccessful
b eating raw may be carried carried by male can cause
shellfish can be by a vector anopheles blindness
a source of infection mosquitoes
cc air borne caused by causative agent is a symptoms usually
infection a retrovirus eukaryote include a rash
d can be caught by causes reduction mainly kills children no effective
swimming in in number of under five years vaccination available
contaminated water t-lymphocytes

39 which statements describe myasthenia gravis?
1 antibodies attack proteins within the body.
2 t-lymphocytes are involved in an inflammatory response.
3 the immune system blocks receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
4  theimmune system attacks the central nervous system.
a i1and3 b 1and4 c 2and3 d 2and4

40 which row shows the cells that are able to divide continuously and are involved in monoclonal
antibody production?
mouse :
cancer cells b-lymphocyte nyatiaetia
cells
plasma cells
a j v v key
b v v x /¥ = correct
cc v x v x = not correct
d x v v

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