biology

1. which row shows the correct order of size of these cell structures?
1 width of a mitochondrion
2 width of a ribosome
3. width of a cell surface membrane
4 width of a chloroplast
[[iarwest sat

a 1 4 2 3

b 1 4 3 2

cc 4 1 2 3

d 4 2 1 3

2 the diagram shows a stage micrometer scale viewed through an eyepiece containing a graticule.
the small divisions of the stage micrometer scale are 0.1mm.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 109
the stage micrometer scale is replaced by a slide of a plant cell.
ss ee wii
e ss bo ae
aa es a aang!
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
what is the actual length of the nucleus in the plant cell?
a 8um b 25um c 200um d 0.8mm

3 insulin is a hormone synthesised from two polypeptide chains inside cells of the pancreas.
which row shows the cell structures that are used in producing insulin and releasing it from the
cells?
rough
golgi body lysosome endoplasmic
reticulum

a v v x key

b v v v v= used

cc v x v x = not used

d x v v

4 the electron micrograph shows a cell structure in a eukaryotic cell.
a a e eae ss, caee
or ee 64 ret i : of ts er ; : . ae ry: * ae
ee ream fe eee re a ee
ek hee 3 ees
‘ae éy ft 3 & y4 . on wae ie oe
| a os er ee gi a cy fr.
” es er ike a p ng sted
oe ee ee oe a
mee? a 1 cae re pe my le tae
ieee, ; yee pe ee : ss eee ae he
eee ‘> ees i lll ce eee #4
sma wart. “s)
which statements about this cell structure are correct?
1 atp is synthesised in this cell structure.
2 the cell structure is made of protein molecules.
3 the cell structure replicates during interphase of the cell cycle.
a 1and2 b j1and3 c 2and3 d = 3only

5 four students were asked to match the function with the appearance of some cell structures in an
animal cell.
the functions were listed by number.
1 synthesis of polypeptides
2 _ synthesis of lipids
3. packaging of hydrolytic enzymes that will remain in the cell
the appearances were listed by letter.
vs membranes which surround an enclosed inner cavity
w_non-membrane-bound, spherical structures
x adouble membrane interspersed with pores
y —non-membrane-bound, cylindrical structures
z membrane-bound sacs, arranged as a flattened stack
which student correctly matched the numbered function with the appearance of the cell
structure?
[| = [] # | @ |
a ww vv z
b www z y
cc z ww z
d z vv ww

6 the dna of typical prokaryotes is naked and circular.
which statement describes how the dna of eukaryotes differs from the dna of typical
prokaryotes?
a only dna of eukaryotes has a nuclear envelope around it and is a double helix.
b_ only dna of eukaryotes has a nuclear envelope around it and is circular.
c_ only dna of eukaryotes has proteins attached to it and is a double helix.
d only dna of eukaryotes has proteins attached to it and is linear.

7  astudent carried out the benedict’s test on two different types of milk, x and y.
a sample of each type of milk was heated to 100°c in a water-bath with benedict’s solution and
the time taken for the first appearance of a colour change was recorded.
the results are shown in the table.
time for first appearance
ee of a colour change with
benedict’s solution/s
x 13
ne 26
which row shows the biological molecule the student detected in each sample of milk and the
sample of milk with the highest concentration of this biological molecule?
biological sample of milk with the
molecule present in highest concentration of
each sample of milk this biological molecule
a glucose x
b glucose 4
cc reducing sugar x
d reducing sugar y’

8 the diagram shows the structure of a monomer.
ch,oh
(6)
h h
h
oh h
ho oh
h oh
which molecules contain this monomer?
amylopectin
glycogen sucrose

9 which molecules are formed by condensation which involves a carboxyl group?
a_ amylopectin, collagen, triglyceride, sucrose
b amylopectin, collagen, triglyceride
c amylopectin, b-globin, sucrose
d_ collagen, b-globin, triglyceride

10 which row correctly matches the function with the structural features of cellulose, collagen,
glycogen or triglyceride?
molecules held
molecule function fibrous together by branched chains
hydrogen bonds
a cellulose support v v x
triglyceride energy source x x x
collagen strengthening v v x
cellulose support v x jv
cc collagen strengthening v v jv
glycogen storage x x v
glycogen storage x v v
triglyceride energy source x v x
key j/=correct x = not correct

11 the diagram shows the amino acids in a polypeptide.
key
type of amino acid
. | polar basic
x» polar acidic
ig gee lys <>» polar
lys (leu) cc) non-polar
(val) =
lys cgiu>
(met) arg che)
ne) .
(val) (met) his (ala)
his (met) &
c terminal end cai)
/ lys
n terminal end
an enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of any peptide bond between a non-polar amino acid
and any polar amino acid.
how many small peptides and single amino acids will be formed by the action of this enzyme?
small single
peptides amino acids
a 6 1
b 8 1
cc 12 3
d 13 4

12 which properties of water reduce temperature changes inside cells?
1 cohesion
2 latent heat of vaporisation
3 specific heat capacity
a 1and2 b 1and3 c 2and3 d = 3only

13 which enzyme is extracellular?
a amylase in saliva is an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of starch in the mouth.
b_ atp synthetase is an enzyme found in mitochondria that synthesises atp.
c_ dna polymerase is an enzyme that helps build dna molecules by assembling nucleotides.
d_ rna polymerase is an enzyme involved in the process of gene transcription.

14 the graph shows how the concentration of components of an enzyme-catalysed reaction
changes with time.
which line represents enzymes with empty active sites?
a
concentration
b
cc
d
time

15 which effects can non-competitive inhibitors have on enzyme-controlled reactions?
1 lower the k, value
2 reduce the concentration of the product
3 reduce the rate of a metabolic pathway
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c ‘1and3only d 2and3only

16 which processes can allow transport into or out of a cell?
1 active transport
2 facilitated diffusion
3 osmosis
a 1,2and3 b 1and2only c 1and3only d = 2and3only

17 plant cells were put into one of three different concentrations of sugar solution, 10%, 5% and
2.5%.
the cells were left for 50 minutes and then observed using a light microscope.
cell x cell y cell z
vacuole
[— \
which statements are correct?
1 cell y had a lower water potential than the sugar solution it was put into.
2 cell z was put into the 10% sugar solution.
3 cell z had a less negative water potential than the sugar solution it was put into.
a 1,2and3 b tand2only c t1and3only d = 2and3 only

18 during telophase of mitosis, a scientist stains the chromosomes of a diploid animal cell with a
fluorescent dye to observe the telomeres.
this cell has 22 chromosomes.
how many telomeres will the scientist observe in one of the nuclei?
a 22 b 44 c 66 d 88

19 methotrexate is a drug used to treat cancer. it can act as an enzyme inhibitor preventing the
synthesis of nucleotides containing thymine.
cells treated with methotrexate are not able to complete the cell cycle.
a cell entering telophase is treated with methotrexate.
which stage of the cell cycle will be affected by the action of methotrexate?
a anaphase
b interphase
c metaphase
d_ prophase

20 which stage of mitosis is correctly described?
a_ in anaphase chromosomes line up across the equator.
b_ in metaphase the centrosomes replicate.
c_ inprophase chromatids move to opposite poles.
d_ in telophase chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin.

21 the diagram represents a nucleotide containing cytosine.
which statements about this nucleotide are correct?
1 the carbohydrate could be ribose.
2 the organic base contains nitrogen.
3 base pairing occurs with guanine.
4  cytosine is a purine.
a 1,2and3 b 1,2and4 c 1,3 and4 d 2,3 and4

22 asection of dna contains 73 base pairs.
number of bases on each strand
strand 1 29 vv 14 ww
strand 2 21 x y z
which row represents the correct number of bases?
popv | wi xy fz
a 9 21 14 9 29
b 14 29 9 9 21
cc 21 9 29 9 14
d 29 9 29 14 9

23 the photograph shows a section of a stem.
which labelled part is the xylem?
= =o 7
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seeps, sees cas sapam eeemanmueeamete ns ccy'sie.° 2 reger
oases a seseesa ci aa gas
eee ye
race sore ly art ae
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eee sols ot oa ah ae
bee se ei 8 eae
bex eee ty st ola so eee
hed seo. 68 a0 4 \ eerge
hise eee ais 5 as}
slee bee oe ceeey a |
des 7 so see nase am ase
ye eee oy ie
erie so ae
breer so ly reese ss. (e
lem: 2 see gate ewes memmnae seer si6: 3.
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cee ck ts ry aati a
gee e.g i es d
eich 18 rak ao ree ek ra ee ss
prs | arerr cbn
se ss as
slime sey
oo

24 some fungi cause wilting in crop plants by growing within the xylem vessel elements.
which process will be directly affected by these fungi?
a_ cohesion between water molecules
b_ development of root pressure
c_ mass flow during movement of assimilates
d uptake of water by root hair cells

25 which features have a role in the transport of water in xylem vessel elements?
1 capillary action
2 adhesion
3 hydrogen bonding
a 1,2and3 b 1dand2only c t1and3only d = 2and3only

26 the loading of sucrose into companion cells involves a number of processes.
which process is active?
a_ the movement of hydrogen ions into the cytoplasm of companion cells
b_ the movement of hydrogen ions out of the cytoplasm of companion cells
c_ the movement of sucrose into companion cells
d_ the movement of sucrose out of companion cells

27 the statements describe events that occur during the movement of sucrose.
1 hydrostatic pressure is decreased.
2 hydrostatic pressure is increased.
3 sucrose is loaded into the phloem vessel.
4 sucrose is unloaded from the phloem vessel.
5 water moves by osmosis into the phloem.
6 water moves by osmosis out of the phloem.
7 water potential decreases in the phloem.
8 water potential increases in the phloem.
which sequence correctly describes what happens in a plant at a source during the movement of
sucrose?
a 35755 >2
b 3>8>6->1
c 43575552
d 4>8>6>1

28 which are present in the walls of capillaries?
jens | _|stetne |
muscle fibres
a al x x x key
a al « x v / = present
= « e x v x = not present
d x j d r

29 the photomicrograph shows three white blood cells labelled x, y and z.
>
y
eo.
which row correctly identifies these cells?
[ax ety aie
a lymphocyte monocyte neutrophil
b lymphocyte neutrophil monocyte
cc monocyte neutrophil lymphocyte
d neutrophil monocyte lymphocyte

30 which sequence of letters correctly identifies the order of events during the cardiac cycle?
t atrial walls contract
u_ impulse is delayed a fraction of a second
v_ wave of excitation enters the atrioventricular node
w_ wave of excitation passes down the purkyne tissue
x wave of excitation spreads from the sinoatrial node
y ventricles contract
a b cc d
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@) ww © ~o www yw ww oo
©) ©) w) yw)

31 the graph shows the effect of three different partial pressures of carbon dioxide on the oxygen
dissociation curve for human haemoglobin.
100
x, partial pressure of
carbon dioxide
percentage
saturation of x= 3.0kpa
haemoglobin
with oxygen y=5.0kpa
z=7.0kpa
0
0 12
partial pressure of oxygen/kpa
what effect does decreasing the partial pressure of carbon dioxide have on haemoglobin?
a itis less efficient at taking up oxygen and less efficient at releasing oxygen.
b itis less efficient at taking up oxygen and more efficient at releasing oxygen.
c_itis more efficient at taking up oxygen and less efficient at releasing oxygen.
d_itis more efficient at taking up oxygen and more efficient at releasing oxygen.

32 what is correct about the transport of carbon dioxide by blood?
1 the enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyses the formation of carbonic acid in red
blood cells.
2 carbon dioxide diffuses from active cells to red blood cells and reacts with water.
3 carbonic acid dissociates forming hydrogen ions that combine with haemoglobin to
form carbaminohaemoglobin.
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c 2and3only' d_=  3only

33 which statements about all bronchioles are correct?
1 they have goblet cells
2 they have ciliated cells
3 they have muscle tissue
a 1,2and3 b tand2only c 1and3only d = 2and3only

34 the graph shows the volume of air breathed out quickly and with force, following a deep breath
in, for three different people, x, y and z.
5 xx
4 ¥
volume of 3
air breathed
out/dm* 2
z
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
time/s
what is a possible explanation for the differences in the volume of air breathed out by these
people shown?
| | chronic bronchitis normal lung function
a x z y
b y x z
cc y z xx
d zz ¥ x

35 the diagrams show some of the pathogens that cause disease in humans and some of the ways
they are transmitted.
1 2 _w
bacterium protoctist contaminated water
peliegelts method of
| transmission
3 ¥ x
morbillivirus contaminated coughs and
food sneezes
what is the correct pathogen and method of transmission for the disease tb?
a ‘iandww b 1andx c 2andxxx d 3andy

36 the proportion of the local population who have malaria in area r is higher than the proportion in
area s.
which factor causes this difference?
a area r has a more humid climate than area s.
b_ area ris nearer the equator than area s.
c_ there is a higher population in area r than area s.
d_ there is less sewage treatment in area r than area s.

37 species x is a single-celled eukaryote.
species x has been genetically modified to produce penicillin, which does not harm the cell walls
of species x.
what may be concluded from this information?
1 the cell walls of species x are chemically different from those of bacteria.
2 the cell walls of species x are made of peptidoglycan.
3 the cell walls of species x are made of cellulose.
a 1and2 b 1only c 2only d = 3only

38 when exposed to an antigen for a second time, memory cells stimulate a secondary immune
response.
which correctly shows the secondary immune response?
oy memory cell
a b cc d
secretes divides into divides into secretes
antibodies plasma cells plasma cells and antibodies and
memory cells divides into

memory cells

39 monoclonal antibodies are produced for use in diagnosis or treatment of disease. to obtain the
antibodies for an antigen, a mouse is injected with the antigen.
some of the events in the production of the monoclonal antibody are listed.
1 plasma cells are fused with cancer cells to form a hybridoma.
2 hybridomas that secrete the required antibody are identified and cloned.
3 b-lymphocytes that recognise the antigen multiply and become plasma cells.
4 hybridomas divide by mitosis and secrete antibodies.
5 plasma cells are removed from the mouse spleen.
what is the sequence of the first four events in the production of the monoclonal antibody?
a 355 >51>2
b 355>1>4
c 531757254
d 531>4>2

40 which row describes passive immunity?
triggered by invelves an memory permanent
: immune cells :
an antigen protection
response produced

a jv jv v jv key
b v v x x v= correct
cc x x v jv x = not correct
d x x x x

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