biology

2 which row correctly shows the presence of a cell structure in typical plant cells and in typical
prokaryotic cells?
‘ typical
typical .
nbn calls prokaryotic
cells

a | centrioles v x key
b | 70s ribosomes jv jv / = present
c | lysosomes v v x = not present
d | cellulose cell walls v v

3 which letter identifies cell structures where semi-conservative replication of dna occurs?
chloroplasts
mitochondria 3 nuclei

4 which parts of a cell contain ribosomes?

1 chloroplast
2 mitochondrion
3 golgi body
4 cytoplasm

a 1,2,3and4

b 1,2 and 3 only

c 1,2 and 4 only

d 3and 4 only

9% vwvvhich range of cell diameters is typical for prokaryotic cells?
a 1tnmto5 x 10?nm
b 1x 10°nm to 5um
c 1x 10'umto 5 x 10? um
d 1x 10?um to 5 x 10° um

6 which row shows a combination of molecules that could be found together in a single isolated
virus?
[ [carbonate | ona [phases | tis [ protein | rna |
a jv jv jv v v jv key
b v x v x x wv jv = present
cc x v x x x v x = not present
d x v x x v x

8 which diagram represents a molecule of a-glucose?
a b c d
ch,oh ch,oh ch,oh ch,oh
- = ow oh ho a
oh oh oh oh oh

9 which statements about glycosidic bonds are correct?

1 condensation between glucose and fructose uses water and forms sucrose.

2 glycogen contains a-1,4 glycosidic bonds and a-1,6 glycosidic bonds formed by
condensation.

3 the hydrolysis of amylopectin uses water to break glycosidic bonds and release
a-glucose.

4 amylose contains b-1,6 glycosidic bonds formed by condensation.

a 1,2and3 b 1,3and4 c 2and3 only d 2and4

10 a triglyceride has ......1...... bonds formed by joining fatty acids to ......2.......
which row correctly completes this sentence?
post

a ester glycine
b hydrogen glycerol
cc ester glycerol
d hydrogen glycine

11 the diagram shows a phospholipid molecule divided into three regions, x, y and z. r, in region
x, represents a range of possible chemical groups.
x r
‘
o=p-—o-
’
oor
o o
c=o c=o
ste \ ff
ce qth
ike ie
ci silky
qe cit
ie che
y gh gh, z
ght ae
ge
ch, gh
ch, oe
ue ‘eh
va, nie
ch, cis
ch, ac
éh, ch;
regions x, y and z affect the properties of cell surface membranes in different ways.
which row shows the effect of each region on the properties of a cell surface membrane?
permeability of repels polar attracts water
hydrophobic molecules molecules
region
a xx xx y and z
b ¥ y and z x
cc yandz x yandz
d z. y and z x

12 which statement about collagen is correct?
a_ tissues containing collagen fibres cannot stretch.
b_ each polypeptide chain forms an alpha helix.
c_ three helices are held together by hydrogen bonds.
d_ three polypeptide chains form a single collagen fibre.

13 catechol is a chemical found in a number of fruits. catechol can be oxidised to a quinone by the

enzyme catechol oxidase.
catechol oxidase is inhibited by parahydroxybenzoic acid (phba), which is structurally similar to
catechol. in the presence of phba, the michaelis-menten constant (km) for catechol oxidase
increases.
how does phba inhibit catechol oxidase?

1 phba and catechol can both bind to the enzyme but not at the same time.

2 phba is a non-competitive inhibitor of catechol oxidase.

3 phba decreases the vmax of the reaction.
a 1,2and3 b_ 1only c 2only d = 3only

14 which statements about the fluid mosaic mode! of a membrane are correct?
1. the movement of phospholipids in the membrane is reduced if the fatty acid tails are
saturated.
2 glycoproteins in the outer layer of the membrane can move.
3 channel proteins are fixed in position.
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c 1and3only d = 2and3 only

15 diagram 1 and diagram 2 show how the transverse section through a leaf changes when the leaf
is moved from solution x to solution y.
leaf
—_> oorv7rf7~
solution x solution y
diagram 1 diagram 2
which row describes the water potential of the leaf cells and surrounding solutions in diagram 2
compared with diagram 1?
water potential of leaf ae water potential of solution y
in diagram 2 compared with ;
p compared with water
water potential of leaf cells ; :
on potential of solution x
in diagram 1
a less negative less negative
b less negative more negative
cc more negative less negative
d more negative more negative

16 which features must always be present for water to move between two solutions by osmosis?
1 carrier proteins
2 cell surface membrane
3 selectively permeable membrane
4 water potential gradient
a 1,2and3 b 1,3 and4 c 2and4 d 3and 4 only

17 when living pancreatic cells were placed in a solution of a red stain called neutral red, the
cytoplasm became red. the cells were then removed from the solution of neutral red.
the red stain in the cytoplasm moved into vesicles, which were exported from the cell, eventually
leaving the cell colourless.
which transport mechanisms could explain how the red stain entered and left the cells?
a active transport and facilitated diffusion
b_ diffusion and exocytosis
c facilitated diffusion and endocytosis
d osmosis and exocytosis

18 dna molecules in a eukaryotic cell must be packaged compactly because their combined length
is much greater than the diameter of the nucleus.
which structures are required during the process of packaging dna molecules compactly?
a chromatids
b chromosomes
c histone proteins
d_ telomeres

19 which statements about mitosis are correct?

1 mitosis results in genetically identical cells.
2 mitosis is involved in asexual reproduction.
3. mitosis occurs immediately after cytokinesis.
4 mitosis can be used to repair damaged cells.

a 1,2,3and4

b 1,2 and 4 only

c 1 and 2 only

d 3and 4 only

20 a human chromosome is made up of different parts. some parts of a typical human chromosome
are more numerous than others.
it parts are listed in order from least numerous to most numerous in a human white blood
cell?
a centromere — chromatid > histone protein
b dna molecule > telomere > centromere
c histone protein + telomere + dna molecule
d_ telomere > centromere — chromatid

a

21 a piece of double-stranded dna containing 12 x 10° nucleotides is transcribed and translated to
produce a single polypeptide.
what is the maximum number of amino acids in this polypeptide?
a 6x 10° b 4x 10° cc 2x 10° d 1x 10°

22 which statements about complementary base pairing are correct?
1 cytosine forms two hydrogen bonds with guanine.
2 purines and pyrimidines are different sizes.
3 adenine forms the same number of hydrogen bonds with thymine as it does with
uracil.
4 the base pairs in a molecule of dna are of equal length and equal width.
a 1,2and3 b 1,2and4 c 1,3 and4 d 2,3 and4

23 what are the products when a dna molecule replicates?
a_ two molecules of dna each made of a sequence of paired bases
b_ two molecules of dna each made of a sequence of paired nucleotides
c_ two strands of dna each made of a sequence of paired bases
d_ two strands of dna each made of a sequence of paired nucleotides

24 wvnicn descriptions apply to phioem sieve tube elements and to xyiem vessel elements?
1 nocytoplasm
2 noend walls
3 no nucleus
a 1,2and3 b 1tand3only c 2only d= 3only

25 some of the parts of a plant root involved in water transport are listed.
1 casparian strip
2 cell walls of cortex cells
3 endodermal cells
4 epidermal cells
5 xylem vessels
which sequence shows part of a pathway through which water can move across a root?
a 25355 b 2>51>5 c 452-51 d 45352

26 what is an example of a mass flow system in a plant?
a the loading of amino acids from the surrounding tissues into companion cells
b the movement of sap through the phloem sieve tubes in the stem
c_ the movement of water across the root along the symplastic pathway
d_ the movement of water vapour from the internal spaces in the leaf out through the stomata

27 ~the diameter of a tree trunk usually decreases slightly during the day.
which changes in environmental factors during the day could cause the diameter to decrease
even more?
increased temperature
: increased light
increased ee
humidity y

28 wvnicn statement about the role of co-transporter proteins in the movement of sucrose is correct?
a co-transporter proteins pump hydrogen ions into phloem sieve tubes along with sucrose.
b_ hydrogen ions diffuse through co-transporter proteins with sucrose into companion cells.
c_ plasmodesmata move sucrose into phloem sieve tubes via co-transporter proteins.
d_ sucrose is moved through co-transporter proteins by active transport.

29 = vvhicn row correctly describes the heart during airial systole?
[as pare| a
ventricle valve valve
a contracted closed closed
b contracted open open
cc relaxed closed open
d relaxed open closed

30 the diagram shows a capillary, some tissue cells and a lymph vessel.
@ 2 c) capillary
1 3
e ) ® tissue
® e cells
4
———
=f lymph
—_ vessel
which row correctly identifies arrows 1, 2, 3 and 4?
a ee
a | diffusion of glucose | flow of water and diffusion of flow of tissue fluid
small solutes carbon dioxide
b | diffusion of glucose | flow of water and osmosis of water diffusion of oxygen
plasma proteins
c | diffusion of oxygen flow of water and diffusion of flow of tissue fluid
small solutes carbon dioxide
d | diffusion of oxygen flow of water and osmosis of water diffusion of
plasma proteins carbon dioxide

31 the table shows the results used to draw an oxygen dissociation curve for adult haemoglobin.
partial pressure of oxygen
/kpa 1 2 3 4 5 i
velume-of oxygen pergrant | gay | ae | gee | o77 4.07 | 1.15
of haemoglobin/cm” g
what is the percentage increase in the volume of oxygen per gram of haemoglobin when the
partial pressure of oxygen increases from 3kpa to 5kpa?
a 32.8% b 39.6% c 60.4% d 65.5%

32 the graph shows the oxygen dissociation curves for adult haemoglobin at two carbon dioxide
concentrations.
100 is
q
percentage
saturation of
haemoglobin
with oxygen s
0 r
0 partial pressure
of oxygen/kpa
which letters show measurements taken in the capillaries of the lungs and in the capillaries of
active muscle?
[tras eatve muse
a p r
b p ss
cc q r
d q is}

33 which substances can combine with adult haemoglobin and reduce the oxygen-carrying capacity
of the blood?
1 carbon dioxide
2 carbon monoxide
3 hydrogencarbonate ions
4 hydrogen ions
a 1,2,3and4
b 1,2 and 4 only
c 1 and 3 only
d 2and 4 only

34 how many times must a molecule of carbon monoxide pass through a cell surface membrane as
it diffuses from an air space in an alveolus, through a cell in the capillary wall, into a red blood
cell?

a 3 b 4 cc 5 d 6

35 the heart rate of a person at rest was recorded at intervals over two 15-minute periods.
during the first five minutes of the second 15-minute period, the person smoked a cigarette.
the graph shows the results recorded during the two 15-minute periods.

110 a a a a an a tt a a
5 i i id iil a i i i i
i a a a sa md a id en i a a am en il a
s000
s000 ki
cece) smoking
na eae a ee eee ao ee hee 2 e
ece ccccee eee ccc cee for first five
eee eee eeo eee ni
1.00 eere eee eee t+ minutes
2 pn
2 op
2 2 pp
serre esse ee ee ee eee eee
ece ecccccce cca cee ee
eee eee eee ree eee eee ee eee ee eee eee eee
eeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeh
90 =e eee
s000 soo 40
heart rate | aa a a (a a a a at a a a a a a a at a a ao cn l(t pr a
0 op a gt 6 i
/beats (ot td to
se edondfood fast ontseoatfoeataseteaevteaartaartoaattoeitant
per min 7 40
80 ge eee peel k not smoking
hee eee hh tt a hhh
feheecheeee sdfocettocat act ocaftecttaciit ece
eeceeeeeecececeeeeeeee cece cee ee -eceeeee eee cepee eee d
lette fett ett tet pete ptet ett fett
ee a
70 srr ee ee ee ee ee eee eee
eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eere eee eere eee
peeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeee eee eee
eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee
hee e-h
coc eee cce eee cee eceeee ee]
eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeee eee eee
60 eeeeeeeeeeee here eere eee eere eee eee h hereeee heh
0 5 10 15
time/mins
what can be concluded from the graph?
a carbon monoxide affects the heart rate.
b carbon monoxide binds to haemoglobin increasing the flow of blood.
c_ nicotine increases the heart rate so is a stimulant.
d_ the heart rate increases as a result of smoking.

36 emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). a person with
emphysema has difficulties in breathing out.
why does emphysema cause difficulties in breathing out?
a smooth muscle fibres in the airways are destroyed.
b_ too little mucus is produced in the bronchi.
c_ the elasticity of the alveoli decreases.
d_ the surface area of the alveoli becomes larger.

37 which factors contribute to outbreaks of measles after natural disasters?
1 contamination of drinking water with untreated sewage
2 __ lack of effective vaccination coverage in the population before the disaster
3. people living in overcrowded accommodation
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c ‘1and3only d = 2and3only

38 there are two main classes of antibiotics, broad spectrum and narrow spectrum.
broad spectrum antibiotics affect a wide range of bacteria, while narrow spectrum antibiotics
affect specific types of bacteria.
which uses of antibiotics may result in antibiotic-resistant bacteria?
1 abroad spectrum antibiotic given to reduce the effects of the influenza virus
2 abroad spectrum antibiotic to treat mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans
3 anarrow spectrum antibiotic to treat diarrhoea and sickness in cattle
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c ‘1and3only d = 2and3only

39 people with the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis can have a treatment to relieve the
symptoms. in this treatment, one of the components of their blood is removed.
which blood component is removed?
a antibodies
b macrophages
c neutrophils
dred blood cells

40 why are spleen cells fused with myeloma cells during monoclonal antibody production?
a so that the antibodies become specific for the necessary antigen
b sso that the resulting hybridoma cells can reproduce indefinitely
c to allow antibodies that are not specific for the required antigen to be removed
d_ to increase the rate of production of antibodies produced by the hybridoma cells

Solve 9700_m21_qp_12