biology

1 which set of measurements is correct?
diameter of diameter of red tips steel
capillary blood cell sutiace: membrane
of red blood cell
a 7um 7um 7nm
b 7um 7nm 7nm
cc 0.7mm 7um 7nm
d 0.7mm 0.7mm 7um

2 the diagram shows an eyepiece graticule and part of a stage micrometer scale as seen using

x100 magnification.

eyepiece grticule i ni uu

stage micrometer scale | | | | | | | | |

0.1mm

which is the correct method for calculating the value of one eyepiece graticule unit in
micrometres (um)?
a divide 100 by 0.1 then multiply by 1000
b_ divide 100 by 0.1 then multiply by 1000 divided by 100
c_ multiply 0.1 by 1000 then divide by 100
d_~ multiply 0.1 by 1000 then divide by 100 then divide again by 100

3 aprokaryotic cell, 1 um in diameter, is magnified 50 000 times on an electron micrograph.
what is the diameter as shown in the electron micrograph?
a 0.5mm b 5mm c 50mm d 500mm

4 which cell structures contain dna?
1 mitochondria
2 chloroplasts
3 centrioles
4 nucleolus
a 1,2and3 b 1,2and4 c 1,3 and4 d 2,3 and4

5 four students were asked to match the function with the appearance of some cell structures in an
animal cell.
the functions were listed by number.
1 mrna passes through to the ribosome
2 __ synthesis of polypeptides
3 synthesis of lipids
the appearances were listed by letter.
vs membranes which surround an enclosed inner cavity
w_non-membrane bound, spherical structures
x adouble membrane interspersed with pores
y —non-membrane bound, cylindrical structures
z membrane-bound sacs, arranged as a flattened stack
which student correctly matched the numbered function with the appearance of the cell
structure?
pf tf 2 [3 |
a vv x z
b vv z ww
cc x ww vv
d xx z vv

6 which row is correct for structures found in eukaryotic cells?
[| teuiar oa | os bosoms | 805 rbosomes |
a present present present
b present present absent
cc present absent present
d absent present absent

7 four solutions were tested for the presence of four different biological molecules. the
appearance of the solutions after each test are shown in the table.
benedict's
solution | following acid benedict's biuret emulsion
hydrolysis
1 blue blue purple cloudy
2 green blue purple clear
3 red green purple cloudy
4 yellow yellow blue clear
which solutions contained molecules with ester bonds?
a 1,2and3 b 1and3only c 2,3 and4 d 2and 4 only

8 the diagrams represent two monosaccharides with the same molecular formula (cgh1206¢).
both can exist in an alpha (a) or beta (8) form as shown.
ch,oh ch,oh ch,oh ch,oh
| | | |
c=o c—o c—o c—o,

ho /j oh h yj oh ho /j h h /j h
ve! vn! za nl vn!
i\x.oh h /i i\x.oh h /i i\x.oh_ h/i1 i\x.oh h /i
naan ho ne bu hon ou

i | | | | i ] |
h oh h oh h oh h oh
b-galactose b-glucose a-galactose a-glucose
the diagram shows a lactose molecule formed by condensation between glucose and galactose.
ch,oh ch,oh
ho 2 h ooh
h 0 h
oh h oh h
h h h
h oh h oh
which molecules have condensed to form lactose?
a a-glucose and a-galactose
b_~ a-glucose and b-galactose
c_ b-glucose and a-galactose
d-glucose and f-galactose

9 one type of covalent bond between two monomers is shown.
ch,oh
0,
h 4 h
oh h
ae 3
h oh gh
(e}
h h
h
oh h
io o...
h oh
which molecules contain this type of covalent bond?
a amylopectin, amylase, glycogen and starch
b amylopectin, amylase and glycogen only
c amylopectin, glycogen and starch only
d amylase, glycogen and starch only

10 which statements about carbonyarates and triglycerides are correct?
1 they form polymers.
2 they contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
3 they are used as energy stores.
a 1,2and3 b 1tand3only c= 1only d = 2and 3 only

11. which molecules contain at least three double bonds?
a saturated fatty acid, collagen and haemoglobin
b_ collagen and saturated fatty acid
c haemoglobin and collagen
d - saturated fatty acid and haemoglobin

12 the diagrams show the structures of two amino acids. one contains two amino (—nh2) groups,

labelled 1 and 2. the other contains two carboxylic (-cooh) groups, labelled 3 and 4.

2 3

cap ane es ge
iis ch,
4
sg)

a peptide bond is formed between the two amino acids.
which groups form the peptide bond?
a iand4 b 2and3 c 2and4 d 1and3

13 which row about the structure of proteins is correct?

[| primary structure | secondary structure | tery stueue | quaternary stu |
is the number is the right-handed is the result of is the sub-unit
of amino acids spiral formed by the cross-bonding polypeptides that

present in a protein primary structure between specific link together to
amino acids in form a protein
the primary structure
is the order of is the coiling of a is the shape formed | contains two types
amino acids present | chain of amino acids by the folding of a of polypeptide that
in a protein to form a b-pleated polypeptide and is interact forming the
encoded by dna sheet or an a-helix held together by shape of a protein
hydrogen bonds
c is the result of occurs because of an is the result of ionic is formed by four
translation of an attraction between and hydrogen bonds, polypeptides and
mrna molecule by hydrogen and disulfide bridges an additional
a ribosome into a oxygen atoms in and hydrophobic reactive group
chain of amino acids the peptide bonds interactions between attached to the
amino acids protein
is the sequence is formed by is formed as a result is formed by the
of amino acids in hydrogen bonding of interaction of the linking together
a protein coded by between amino acids side chains of of more than one
an mrna molecule forming the amino acids in the polypeptide to
primary structure primary structure form a protein

14 the enzyme f-galactosidase can catalyse the hydrolysis of four substrates with similar
structures.
each substrate gives a different k, value.
for which substrate does b-galactosidase have the highest affinity?
a 1 4x 10°
b 2 1x 10°
cc 3 2x 10+
d 4 1x 104

15 an investigation was carried out on the effect of temperature on the activity of an enzyme when it
is immobilised and when it is non-immobilised (free in solution). the product of the enzyme-
catalysed reaction causes a decrease in ph.

the graph shows the results of the investigation.
ae he key
se oe ------- non-immobilised, 75°c
ph ee --—---- immobilised, 75°c
<p veces immobilised, 37 °c
— non-immobilised, 37 °c
time
which would give the highest yield of product?
a_ immobilised, 37°c
b-~ immobilised, 75°c
c_non-immobilised, 37°c
d_non-immobilised, 75°c

16 an indicator mixed with agar forms a pink colour. the pink-coloured agar becomes colourless
when put in acid.
blocks of pink-coloured agar are cut to different sizes and put in acid. all other variables are kept
constant.
which block becomes colourless most quickly?
a 3mmx 30mm x 30mm
b 6mmx6mmx 6mm
c 6mm x 12mm x 12mm
d 12mm x 12mm x 12mm

17 three identical plant cells were put into one of three different concentrations of sugar solution,
10%, 5% and 2.5%.
the cells were left for 50 minutes and then observed using a light microscope.
cell x cell y cell z
vacuole a ee =
which statement is not correct?
a_ cell x has the same water potential as the sugar solution it was put into.
b_ cell y is turgid and cell z is plasmolysed.
c_ cell y was put into the 2.5% sugar solution.
d_ cell z had a more negative water potential than the sugar solution it was put into.

18 how many copies of eacn different una molecule are found in a cell at the start of eacn of these
stages of the mitotic cell cycle?
[alia [ae [ees
a 1 1 2
b 1 2 1
cc 2 1 2
d 2 2 2

19 hydra are simple animals which can reproduce asexually.
the photomicrograph shows an adult hydra with a new hydra developing while attached to the
side of the adult animal.
es be
- a
‘ > - ‘ 2

which processes have occurred in the two hydra?

1 dna replication

2 growth

3 mitosis
a 1,2and3 b jiand2only c 1and3only d = 2and3only

20 the diagram represents a nucleotide containing thymine.
which statements about this nucleotide are correct?
1 thymine is a pyrimidine.
2. base pairing occurs with two hydrogen bonds.
3. the carbohydrate can be ribose or deoxyribose.
a 1,2and3 b 1and2only c t1and3only d = 2and3only

21 some of the events that occur during transcription are listed.
1 bonds break between complementary bases.
2 bonds form between complementary bases.
3 sugar-phosphate bonds form.
4 free nucleotides pair with complementary nucleotides.
before the mrna molecule leaves the nucleus, which events occur twice during transcription?
a 1,2and3 b 1,3 and4 c 2,3 and4 d 1and 2 only

22 the table shows the dna triplet codes for some amino acids.
arginine gca glycine cca
arginine gcc glycine ccg
arginine gcg glycine cct
asparagine tta lysine ttc
asparagine tig lysine qt
cysteine aca proline gga
cysteine acg proline ggc
stop atc valine cac
the base sequence on the dna template strand coding for part of a polypeptide is shown.
cca ttc acg gcg tta gca
two mutations occur in this sequence during dna replication.
which mutated dna would result in a polypeptide with one different amino acid?
a ccaatc acg gcg ttg gca
b ccattc aca gca tta gca
c ccattc acg ccg tta gcc
d cct ttc acg gcg tta gcc

23 a gene codes for the sequence of amino acids in a single polypeptide. haemoglobin consists of
two a-globins and two f-globins.
how many genes are needed to code for a single haemoglobin molecule?
a 1 b 2 cc 4 d 8

24 which properties of water molecules are important in the upward flow of water through the
xylem?
1 water molecules are attracted to each other by hydrogen bonding.
2 water molecules are attracted to cellulose by adhesion.
3 water molecules have high cohesion in water columns.
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c ‘1and3only d = 2and3only

25 the graph shows the rate of water absorption and the rate of water loss by a plant during one
24-hour period. the plant was growing in natural conditions.
water ee *
rate of water z ‘
absorption f a
or loss / \
y water ‘
j absorption .
0 oeeertt” or
00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 24:00
a
night day night
time
what may be concluded from the graph?
1 the rate of water absorption and the rate of water loss peak at 16:00.
2 the rate of water loss is greater than the rate of water absorption for 12 hours.
3. the rate of water absorption is greater than the rate of water loss at night.
a 1,2and3 b 1dand2only c tand3only d = 2and3only

26 which statements explain why a stem is cut under water and connected to a potometer under
water?
1 to prevent plasmolysis of xylem vessel elements
2 to prevent the collapse of xylem vessel elements
3 to prevent air entering xylem vessel elements
a 1,2and3 b 2and3only c _ 1 only d = 3only

27 sucrose moves into an actively dividing shoot tip from a phloem sieve tube element.
which changes to the water potential and the volume of liquid in the phloem sieve tube element
are correct?
|_| water petentlal volume of liquid
becomes
a less negative decreases
b less negative increases
cc more negative decreases
d more negative increases

28 sucrose is loaded into phloem sieve tubes from companion cells.

what is the correct order of statements that explains this mechanism?
1 hydrogen ions diffuse into companion cells through co-transporter proteins.
2 hydrogen ions are pumped out of companion cells by active transport.
3 sucrose diffuses into phloem sieve tubes via plasmodesmata.
4 sucrose is co-transported along with hydrogen ions.

a 1525453

b 1545253

c 2515453

d 4515253

29 which components are found in arteries?
collagen
endothelium smooth
muscle

31. which row correctly identifies the pulmonary artery?
[et [sma [atin
vessel wall/mm blood inside vessel pressure /mmhg
a 1.30 deoxygenated 15-30
b 2.10 oxygenated 80-120
cc 0.15 oxygenated 5-15
d 0.20 deoxygenated 3-8

32 what is found in all blood vessels, lymph and tissue fluid?

1 carbon dioxide
2 glucose
3 white blood cells
4 antibodies

a 1,2,3and4

b 1,2 and 3 only

c 1,3 and 4 only

d 2and4 only

33 at high altitudes, the oxygen content of the air may be a third of that at sea level.
as a person slowly climbs a mountain, their body gradually adjusts to the high altitude.
what is increased during this period of adjustment?
a the concentration of haemoglobin in the red blood cells
b_ the oxygen-carrying capacity of the haemoglobin
c_ the number of red blood cells per mm® of blood
d_ the rate at which haemoglobin releases oxygen into the tissues

34 which row correctly shows features present in terminal bronchioles?
7 " smooth
cartilage cilia
muscle

a v v x key
b v x v / = present
cc x v v x = not present
d x v x

35 the photomicrograph shows a section through lung tissue.
ep oe ‘ lies aces steger ses
a ee ey . ce bk,
bete eee ae ae es nc sans ris srp 5,
pine cra clm ei es hie p wy pees hats st
tore tes | | al in (clf ———_
nae § \\ sbs sys
pgs eee eee ea) |). 2 jo a beebe nb /
se oe ss le oe ae el a;
ee ac oe ae
ep) |/ ae lee iaal ms eisele bss aes
bgs eee pe a ee ee
which structures are present in this photomicrograph?
| | artery vein bronchus trachea
a v v v x key
b vv x x v / = present
c x jv x v x = not present
d x x v v
ee

36 the symptoms of two diseases are listed.
coughing up blood shortness of breath
pain when breathing difficulty breathing out
loss of weight fatigue
which row identifies diseases 1 and 2?
[deacon |
a chronic bronchitis emphysema
b emphysema lung cancer
cc lung cancer chronic bronchitis
d lung cancer emphysema

37 disease transmission can be reduced in different ways.
e antibiotic therapy for sufferers
e vaccination for non-sufferers
e more living space per person
the transmission of which disease can be reduced by all of these methods?
a cholera
b tb
cc malaria
d_ measles

38 what do pathogens of hiv/aids, malaria and tb have in common?
cell surface ,
menibrane genes ribosomes
a jv jv v key
b v x x ¥ = common to all three pathogens
cc x v v x = not common to all three pathogens
d x v x

39 the diagram shows the immune response following infection by a virus.
@ @ } activated cells
- 6068
activated cell ~© a o) h
@ @ _ctiemical ]
a» ” stimulation
~~©@® ©® y
{ ,
h g ;
host cell infected
yin ~ with virus
secretion of  \, ¥* \<
antibodies } as
which row identifies the cells labelled e, f, g and h?
a
a | b-memory cell t-helper cell t-killer cell plasma cell
b_ | b-memory cell | t-memory cell macrophage plasma cell
cc plasma cell t-memory cell t-helper cell b-memory cell
d t-killer cell b-memory cell macrophage t-helper cell

40 monoclonal antibodies are used to test for the presence of the hormone hcg in the urine of a
human female during early pregnancy.
which statements describe how the monoclonal antibodies used in this test are produced?
1 hcg is injected into a mouse, and plasma cells in the mouse produce antibodies
specific to hcg.
2 antibodies are extracted from the mouse and then fused with cancer cells to
produce hybridoma cells.
3. single hybridoma cells are cultured and they divide by mitosis to produce a clone of
hybridoma cells.
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c ‘1and3only d = 2and3only

Solve 9700_s21_qp_13