biology

1 a student used a stage micrometer scale to calibrate an eyepiece graticule.
the diagram shows the view of both the stage micrometer scale and the eyepiece graticule seen
by the student. the divisions on the stage micrometer scale are 0.1mm apart.
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 901
the student removed the stage micrometer scale and viewed a slide with blood cells on it. the
same lenses were used so that the magnification remained unchanged.
the student measured the diameter of one of the white blood cells on the slide using the
eyepiece graticule and recorded that it was 8 eyepiece units.
what is the correct diameter of this white blood cell in micrometers?
a 0.2 b 08 cc 20 d 800

2 four students were asked to match the function with the appearance of some cell structures in an
animal cell.
the functions were listed by number.
1 mrna passes through to the ribosome
2 produces the mitotic spindle during cell division
3. packaging of hydrolytic enzymes that will remain in the cell
the appearances were listed by letter.
vs membranes which surround an enclosed inner cavity
w_non-membrane-bound, spherical structures
x adouble membrane interspersed with pores
y —non-membrane-bound, cylindrical structures
z membrane-bound sacs, arranged as a flattened stack
which student correctly matched the numbered function with the appearance of the cell
structure?
[| = [] # | @ |
a vv ww y
b vv y z
cc x ww y
d x ¥ z

3. which size range would include most prokaryotic cells?
a b cc d
a a: a ta
——e__ t—..—4><—s ot
1nm 100nm dum 100 um 1mm

4 what is present in a typical prokaryotic cell and a typical eukaryotic cell?
a_ 70s ribosomes
b_ centrioles
c circular dna in the cytoplasm
d _ starch granules

5 which statement about viruses is correct?
a they all have a capsid made of protein.
b_ they all contain rna.
c_ they all have an outer envelope made of phospholipids.
d_ they all contain 80s ribosomes.

7 which molecules contain 1,4-glycosidic bonds?
amylose
cellulose glycogen

8 the diagram shows three triglycerides, x, y and z.
t
pog eol oro pod oop oo#"“™,
h,coc
| 0
| sl a30iosy—ooso yy oo
xx hcoc
| 0
h,coc
o
i —
h,coc
ly
y hcocg pof ovo’) paod bbp o™o?h" - ol"
| fe)
i —
h,coc =>
1
h,coc lodo oh op’) op? or 0 so
lf
z hcocg po ppo loprpaorldr opp woofddpdhd oh foppp™
lf
h,coc logs op ep’ od ors orf pf
which row is correct for these triglycerides?
contains contains contains more
saturated unsaturated than two different
fatty acids fatty acids fatty acids
a x, y andz x and y x and y
b x, y and z z x and y
cc x and y x, y and z x, y andz
d z x and y x, y and z

9 some foods contain hydrogenated vegetable fats. these are unsaturated fats that have been
converted to saturated fats.
which property of the fats will have changed?
a their hydrocarbon chains will fit together more closely.
b_ their solubility in water will increase.
c_ they will have more double bonds in their molecules.
d_ they will remain liquid at room temperature.

10 a polypeptide contains a specific number of amino acids, n.
how many peptide bonds are present in this polypeptide?
a n-1 bon c n+1 d n+2

11. which statement is correct?
a_ amylase, ribose and phospholipid are all macromolecules.
b_ cellulose, glucose and catalase are all polymers.
c_ deoxyribose, fructose and ribose are all monosaccharides.
d_ sucrose, deoxyribose and amylopectin are all polysaccharides.

12 a student used colorimetry to monitor the hydrolysis of a protein by a protease enzyme.
the student used biuret solution to determine the concentration of protein in the hydrolysis
reaction.

the student produced a calibration curve using known concentrations of protein.
which diagram shows the calibration curve?
a b
transmission ) absorbance )
0 ; 0 ;
0 protein 0 protein
concentration concentration
cc d
transmission | | absorbance | |
0 ; 0 ;
0 protein 0 protein
concentration concentration

13 a student completed an experiment to measure how increasing concentrations of substrate
affects the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction.
the student then repeated the experiment after adding a fixed quantity of a reversible competitive
inhibitor.
which row describes the effect of a reversible competitive inhibitor on enzyme activity?
attachment of inhibitor effect of increasing substrate concentration
at active site on rate of enzyme-controlled reaction

a no little effect on the rate

b yes rate increases

cc no rate increases

d yes little effect on the rate

14 the diagram shows a liposome.
4 af pie 0 8.2.28 0'e po
oc)
liposomes can be used to move therapeutic drugs into cells of the body to treat conditions such
as cancer.
which row shows the property of a drug that could be transported in the sections of the liposome
labelled 1 and 2?
property of drug property of drug
transported in location 1 | transported in location 2

a hydrophilic hydrophilic

b hydrophilic hydrophobic

c hydrophobic hydrophilic

d hydrophobic hydrophobic

15 some processes occurring in cells are listed.
1 endocytosis of water into cells
2 exocytosis of enzymes from cells
3 facilitated diffusion of glucose into red blood cells
4 phagocytosis of dead cells by macrophages
which processes use atp?
a 1,2and3 b 1,2and4 c 1,3and4 d 2,3 and4

16 the graph shows changes in the concentration of a solute inside a cell.
concentration
of solute
inside cell
0
0 time
what explains this change in concentration?
1 diffusion
2 endocytosis
3 exocytosis
4 osmosis
a 1,2and3 b 1,3and4 c 1and4 only d 2and4

17 the indicator cresol red, changes from red to yellow when put into acid.
four blocks of agar containing cresol red were cut to different sizes measured in millimetres. the
blocks were submerged in acid. all other variables were kept constant. the time taken for each of
the blocks to completely turn yellow was recorded.
which of the four blocks became completely yellow most quickly?
a 3x30x30 b 6x6x6 c 6x12x12 d 12x12x12

18 which processes require mitosis?
1 the cloning of t-lymphocytes
2 __ the repair of cell structures by protein synthesis
3. the growth of multicellular organisms from a single cell
4 the reproduction of a unicellular eukaryote
a 1,2and3 b 1,3 and4 c 1and2 only d 3and 4 only

19 which events listed are part of the cell cycle?
1 interphase
2 prophase
3 cytokinesis
a 1,2and3 b tand2only c t1and3only d = 2and3 only

20 telomerase is an enzyme that adds nucleotides to telomeres.

which statement about telomerase is correct?

a ahigh concentration of telomerase in a cell damages genes during dna replication.

b_ ahigh concentration of telomerase in cancerous cells limits the rate of tumour growth.

c_ the low concentration of telomerase in stem cells means that these cells can divide an
unlimited number of times.

d_ the low concentration of telomerase in body cells means that these cells can divide a limited
number of times.

21 the photomicrograph shows cells at different stages of mitosis.
p
al ~ _
#* . &e 4,0
ps es +#,2% @
' # *2
ev" fb@q
ad *® << +.“
e. . @9f/2 “e
ss r
a student wrote four statements about the photomicrograph.
1 cell p shows anaphase.
2 spindle formation is occurring in cell q.
3 the amount of dna in cell r is the same as in cell t.
4 the correct order for the stages is s>r>~t—>p>@q.
which statements are correct?
a 1,2and3 b 1,2and4 c 1,3and4 d 2,3 and4

22 bacterial cells with dna containing only the ‘heavy’ isotope of nitrogen (‘°n) are allowed to
reproduce for three generations in a culture medium containing the normal isotope of
nitrogen (“4n).

which percentage of the dna molecules produced contain strands with the heavy isotope of
nitrogen?
first generation second generation third generation
% % %

a 50 25 12.5

b 75 50 25

cc 100 50 25

d 100 75 50

23 a bacterial circular dna molecule is 2600 150 base pairs long. 26% of the bases are adenine.
how many cytosine bases would be in the dna molecule?
a 624036 b_ 676039 c 1248072 d 1352078

24 which statement relating to the structure of dna is correct?
a_ two dna strands are joined to each other by phosphodiester bonds.
b_ the alignment of bases to form a double helix is only achieved between antiparallel strands.
c_ three hydrogen bonds are formed between all base pairs containing purines.
d_ the number of cytosine bases always equals the number of thymine bases.

25 a student sketched a diagram to represent the process of transcription.
which part of their diagram shows the non-transcribed strand?
ta
a ta
gc b
cc g
t\ua
t ua
i one direction of
d a at transcription
cc cg
g gc
gtgc
ed

26 which row is correct for the movement of water in a root?
molecule present
fer |
a | apoplast pathway through intercellular spaces suberin
b apoplast pathway through plasmodesmata lignin
cc symplast pathway through plasmodesmata lignin
d | symplast pathway through intercellular spaces suberin

27 the table contains some information about uptake and movement of water and of mineral ions
in plants.
at rion
mechanism for uptake osmosis diffusion, active transport
site of uptake root hair cells root hair cells
mechanism of release evaporation, diffusion | diffusion, active transport
site of release stomata plant cells
using the information provided, which factors will affect the uptake and movement of water or of
mineral ions in plants?
1 humidity
2 surface area of root hair cell
3 oxygen concentration
4 temperature
a 1,2,3and4
b 1,3 and 4 only
c 1 and 3 only
d 4only

28 which changes to the water potential and the volume of solution in the phloem sieve tube occur
when sucrose is moved from a photosynthesising leaf into the phloem sieve tube?
water potential in | volume of solution
the phloem sieve in the phloem
tube becomes sieve tube
a higher decreases
b higher increases
cc lower decreases
d lower increases

29 a student wrote the following statements about a possible mechanism for loading sucrose from
a source.
1 when energy is released from atp, the released energy is used to move sucrose
through a co-transporter protein in the companion cell membrane.
2 as sucrose is moved into a companion cell the ph in the cell wall of the companion
cell decreases.
3 proton pumps in the cell membrane of a companion cell move sucrose into the
phloem sieve tube element.
which statements are correct?
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c 1and3only d 2only

30 the diagram shows a transverse section through an artery.
(( my
which tissues are present in layer x?
a collagen and smooth muscle only
b elastic fibres and collagen only
c elastic fibres and smooth muscle only
d elastic fibres, collagen and smooth muscle

31 what is systolic blood pressure?
a the blood pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxing
b_ the blood pressure in the left ventricle at the start of a contraction
c_ the maximum blood pressure in the arteries
d the maximum blood pressure in the right ventricle

32 the diagram shows pressure changes in the left side of the heart and aorta over time. the length
of this cardiac cycle is 0.6s. points 1, 2, 3 and 4 indicate when atrioventricular valves and
semilunar valves either open or close.

18 ry
i a fo (i et om at a ca i cc fea nt i a i iad rt oc a a gi ge on uo oa i i
5 gi i il a gg ii a i i ea a a en a uw la id a
3 6 i i li a abe gt gt ii i i ea a en a il la id aa
16 -feeeeeeeeee eee eae cees eee
bedaat tau tgetaeean’ /geareaaran\ caetgetseterttetrettettette
eee eee eee eee ece arie eee ece eee insee cee ee eee eee
14 hha se ge ee ee ee ae eee
berorooooeeca000(//suuuuututeutuua t= sueceeeeeeeeeeeeeeueee
eec eee cece eee cee eee oe nbr cece eee eee eee
eeeeeeeeeeeeene ee eeeeeeeeeee eee prg peper eee
q2 sds sssss eee ee
es ———=s?  |
sss eb ee a eee ee eee eee eee
sy es ee |
419 eere

33 which reactions take place in the capillaries surrounding an alveolus?
1 carbon dioxide + water > carbonic acid
2 carbon dioxide + haemoglobin — carbaminohaemoglobin
3 haemoglobinic acid + haemoglobin + hydrogen ions
4 hydrogencarbonate ions + hydrogen ions —> carbonic acid > carbon dioxide + water
a iand2 b 3and4 c 3only d 4only

34 which statement explains the importance of the chloride shift in red blood cells (rbc)?

a_ carbon dioxide diffuses from blood plasma into rbc and chloride ions diffuse out of rbc to
maintain a balance of positive and negative ions.

b_ hydrogencarbonate ions diffuse into plasma from rbc and chloride ions diffuse into rbc to
maintain a balance of positive and negative ions.

c carbon dioxide in rbc together with chloride ions stimulate the release of oxygen from
haemoglobin to allow increased levels of respiration.

d_ hydrogencarbonate ions diffuse into rbc from plasma and chloride ions diffuse into plasma
to maintain a balance of positive and negative ions.

35 the photomicrographs show a cross-section through the lining of part of the respiratory system.
rna esa pecnle lrt pairs
ni ea | eo ae coe ory ee oe cn
pee m oe ‘ea \ in ww) ha ugil t ‘)
|) beta ice
ee ns a
ee rn ‘eum 2 oa x
re eis i ee ade ae ie c/a
eae i vice awe wae as ae = a i ey ee
re ee os ugandan pipe ee te
pum, eh) ise ne ile me ey sw ot vie i 4 ye xy
i pats aes, gare noir eo one a 1 ey 3 ae eke
i eae = ged me, jae a "tile
which statements about the photomicrographs are correct?
1 goblet cells are visible between squamous epithelium cells.
2 smooth muscle is visible.
3. the section cannot be from a bronchiole as cartilage is visible.
a 1,2and3 b jiand2only c 1and3only d 2and3only

36 the surface tension of the layer of liquid lining the alveoli tends to pull the walls inwards so alveoli
could collapse.
which statements could explain how this is prevented?
1 alveolar fluid is moved around by cilia.
2 elastic fibres keep the alveoli open.
3. epithelial cells secrete a chemical that reduces the cohesion in water.
a iand2 b 1and3 c 2and3 d= 3only

37 what will reduce the rate at which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
1 prescribing two antibiotics with different modes of action
2 prescribing different antibiotics for the same bacterium
3 finishing a prescribed course of antibiotics
a 1,2and3 b 1and2only c 1and3only d = 2and3only

38 t-lymphocytes have a protein, pd-1, on their surface. some cancer cells have a receptor
molecule on their surface which binds with pd-1, inactivating the t-lymphocyte.
a monoclonal antibody, lambrolizumab, has been produced against this receptor.
trials showed that in 54 of 135 people with advanced skin cancer who were given lambrolizumab
the tumours more than halved in volume. in six of the 57 people who were given the highest dose
the tumours disappeared.
what may be correctly concluded from this information?
1 lambrolizumab binds with a receptor on the surface of skin cancer cells.
2 cancer cells to which lambrolizumab is bound cannot inactivate t-lymphocytes.
3. lambrolizumab targets and kills skin cancer cells.
4 lambrolizumab allows a patient's own immune system to kill cancer cells.
a 1,2,3and4
b 1,2 and 4 only
c 1 and3 only
d 2,3 and 4 only

39 aperson’s blood group is determined by antigens present on the red blood cells.
the table shows the antigens and antibodies in the blood of people with different blood groups.
on red blood cells aor b in plasma
a a only anti-b only
b b only anti-a only
ab aandb neither
[e) neither anti-a and anti-b
during a blood transfusion, it is essential that the person receiving the blood does not have
antibodies to the donor's blood.
which blood groups can be given to a person with blood group ab?
a abonly
b  oonly
c aandb only
d a,b,abando

40 which types of cell are stimulated to divide by the cytokines produced by t-helper cells?
a macrophages
b_ b-lymphocytes only
c_ t-killer cells only
d_ b-lymphocytes and t-killer cells

Solve 9700_s22_qp_11