biology

1. the diagram shows a section through epithelium found in part of the respiratory system.
| fe
wi
iy 80um
what is the magnification of the diagram?
a x35 b x350 c «3500 d x35000

2 four students were asked to match the function with the appearance of some cell structures in an
animal cell.
the functions were listed by number.
1 mrna passes through to the ribosome
2 _ synthesis of polypeptides
3. packaging of hydrolytic enzymes that will remain in the cell
the appearances were listed by letter.
vs membranes which surround an enclosed inner cavity
w _non-membrane-bound, spherical structures
x adouble membrane interspersed with pores
y — non-membrane-bound, cylindrical structures
z membrane-bound sacs, arranged as a flattened stack
which student correctly matched the numbered functions with the appearance of the
cell structure?
pf tr 2 | 3 |
a vv x y
b vv z z
cc x ww z
d xx z ww

3. anexperiment was carried out to separate the cell structures in an animal cell.
the cells were broken open. the extract was filtered and put into a centrifuge tube. this tube was
then spun so that the heaviest cell structure sank to the bottom first, forming pellet 1, as shown.
liquid above
pellet
pellet 1
the liquid above pellet 1 was poured into a clean centrifuge tube and spun again at a higher
speed to separate the next heaviest cell structure. this cell structure sank to the bottom, forming
pellet 2.
this procedure was repeated twice to obtain pellet 3 and pellet 4, each containing a single
cell structure.
what is a function of the cell structure extracted in pellet 1?
a digestion of old organelles
b production of atp
c production of mrna
d _ synthesis of protein

4 atp molecules are synthesised in mitochondria.
which sugar is found in these atp molecules?
a deoxyribose
b fructose
c_ glucose
d_ pentose

5 which row shows a comparison that is not correct between a typical prokaryotic cell and a typical

eukaryotic plant cell?
| | prokaryotic cell eukaryotic plant cell

a dna not associated dna associated

with histones with histones
b no endoplasmic reticulum endoplasmic reticulum
present present
cc peptidoglycan cell walls cellulose cell walls
d all ribosomes approximately all ribosomes approximately
18nm in diameter 22 nm in diameter

6 it is suggested that primitive prokaryotic cells may be ancestors of certain organelles in
eukaryotic cells.
which organelle is most similar in composition to a typical prokaryote?
a golgi bodies
b_ lysosomes
c_ mitochondria
d nucleoli

8 the diagram shows three hexose sugars.
‘ica sia ch,oh
cc——o c——o |
h h h oh oh
va ni vi ni a “sf
cc cc cc cc cc cc
na ee si (4a is ee oh
c—f o—f ~—e™
h oh h oh oh h
1 2 3
which row correctly shows examples of carbohydrates in which these three hexose sugars
occur?
a 1 2 3
b 1 3 2
cc 2 3 1
d 3 2 1

9 trehalose is a sugar that gives a negative result when tested with benedict’s solution.
a molecule of trehalose forms two a-glucose molecules when it is hydrolysed.
which row is correct?
fannulawe sugar that gives
trehalose the same result with
benedict's as trehalose
a c42h22014 fructose
b c12h22014 sucrose
(@; cy2h24012 fructose
d c12h24012 sucrose

10 olestra is an artificial lipid. it is made by attaching fatty acids, by condensation, to a
sucrose molecule.
a simplified diagram of olestra is shown. r represents the position where fatty acids would
be attached.
ch,or
[e)
h h roch, ~o h
h
or 4h
ro o—-\t rog or
h or or h
humans cannot hydrolyse olestra. however, other animals may be able to do so.
how many molecules of water would be needed to hydrolyse one molecule of olestra into fatty
acids, fructose and glucose?
a 11 b 10 c 9 d 8

11. which molecule contains at least one peptide bond?
a b "
| 1 ho—ch bg
h—c—o—c—r s l so
fe) ; hl n
| ee oe 4 nh
h—c—o—c—r l 5
| fe) 1 fm,
ch,—c—c h
he ocr l no
n
a h~ sh
c d
hoch, nh,
ch,oh oh oh be
nw ss
h oq 4 h yc n
h hh 4 he | l
oh h/\g cc ny on
ho o” ch,oh o7 \ o |
-o ho "ch
h oh = \ y,
r ch——ch
ia \
a oh

12 rna polymerase and peptidyl transferase are both enzymes involved in protein synthesis.
which statements describe similarities between these two enzymes?
1 they are both globular proteins.
2 they both have the same tertiary structure.
3. they are both intracellular enzymes.
a 1and2 b 1and3 c 1only d 2and3

13 what is a feature of competitive enzyme inhibition?
a the inhibitor binds permanently to the active site.
b inhibition can be reversed by increasing the concentration of the substrate.
c_ the inhibitor molecule changes the secondary structure of the enzyme.
d_ the substrate and the inhibitor are the same shape.

14 batrachotoxin is a poison found in frogs in the colombian jungle. the poison is used to produce
poison darts.
the poison works by increasing the permeability of the cell surface membrane of nerve and
muscle cells to sodium ions, which move out of the cells.
four students made statements about how the poison affects the cells.
1 water leaves the cells by osmosis, causing the cells to shrink.
2 water enters the cells by osmosis, causing the cells to burst.
3 when the sodium ions move out of the cells the intracellular fluid has a more
positive water potential than the extracellular fluid.
4 when the sodium ions move out of the cells the extracellular fluid has a more
positive water potential than the intracellular fluid.
which statements are correct for the cells affected by batrachotoxin?
a i1and3 b 1and4 c 2and3 d 2and4

15 which processes use energy in the form of aip?
1 endocytosis
2 exocytosis
3 facilitated diffusion
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c 1and3only d 2and3only

16 an indicator is colourless in acid and pink in alkali.
in an experiment a petri dish of agar was prepared using an acidic solution of this indicator.
a disc of agar 1cm in diameter was removed from the centre to create a well.
a white card showing circular marker lines 1cm apart was placed underneath the petri dish.
14cm? alkali solution was put into the well in the agar and a stop-watch was started.
a circular disc of pink colour appeared and spread through the agar. it reached the first marker
line in a short time but took longer to reach the second marker line and a very long time to reach
the third marker line.
what explains these observations?
a facilitated diffusion of alkali solution
b facilitated diffusion of the indicator
c _ simple diffusion of alkali solution
d simple diffusion of the indicator

17 the diagram shows a section of a glycoprotein molecule found embedded in a cell surface
membrane. each of the amino acids is represented by a small shaded circle.
amino acid q
amino acid chain
forms an alpha helix
which row shows a property of the amino acids found in the alpha helix and a property of
amino acid q?
property of
amino acids found bae
in the alpha helix
a non-polar polar
b non-polar non-polar
cc polar polar
d polar non-polar

18 some cells are listed.
1 bacterial cells
2 cancer cells
3 lymphocytes
4 mature red blood cells
5 stem cells
which cells can divide by mitosis?
a 1,2,4and5
b 1,2and3
c 2,3 and5
d 3,4and5

19 which statements about mitosis are correct?
1 atthe end of telophase, two nuclei are formed.
2  centrioles attach chromosomes to the spindle during metaphase.
3 chromatids are pulled apart during anaphase.
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c ‘1and3only d = 2and3only

20 which statement about telomeres is correct?
a they allow cells in culture from any age of donor to divide a fixed number of times.
b_ they are genes which are present on the 5’ end of every chromosome.
c_ they are unpaired regions of dna on the 3’ end of every chromosome.
d_ they prevent introns and exons being lost from genes during cell division.

21 the diagram shows stages of mitosis.
fone be
what is the correct sequence of the stages of mitosis numbered on the diagram?
a 133545255
b 13334552
c 331>54>55>2
d 354515255

22 which statement about the transcription and translation of a gene is correct?

a_ the non-transcribed strand of dna has a base sequence that is identical to the mrna
produced in transcription.

b_ the template strand of dna has a base sequence that is identical to the mrna produced in
transcription.

c_ the non-transcribed strand of dna has a base sequence that is complementary to the trna
molecules required in translation.

d_ the template strand of dna has a base sequence that is complementary to the trna
molecules required in translation.

23 which statement about mrna is correct?
a the primary transcript becomes modified by the joining of introns to become mrna.
b_ the primary transcript is synthesised and then modified to mrna in the nucleus.
c mrnacontains nucleotides containing the sugar deoxyribose.
d_ the bases in mrna are held together by covalent bonds.

25 the sequence of bases in dna coding for the first eight amino acids in the b-polypeptide of adult
haemoglobin is:
cac gtg gac tga gga ctc ctc ttc
however, in haemoglobin c, which is a cause of haemolytic anaemia, it becomes:
cac gtg gac tga gga ttc ctc ttc
some of the dna triplets that code for the amino acids are listed in the table.
amino acid | dna triplet
glu ctc
his gtg
leu gag
lys ttc
pro gga
thr tga
which change occurs to the amino acid sequence of normal haemoglobin to make it
haemoglobin c?
a glutamic acid is changed to lysine.
b_ histidine is changed to leucine.
c_ leucine is changed to lysine.
d_ proline is changed to threonine.

26 the diagram shows a plant organ.
which letter correctly labels the xylem?
b
a q@ u sy
ore
j 2 :
d

27 the photomicrograph shows a vascular bundle found in a plant organ.
bet pes 3 >
ooo ane ne ob
bo z2eeaeea
be asg eit tells il
pge oer rin
ps cn retool
lse bo aer ls eet
ates sssi ht rra lh)
cet po es vr tz
ret pert ti so 3
sra ae ly?
sre aas ra _
cro se et story
ao es est tat sas 2x
gineasernce terrors me
suite cerca /
pere ee rane) (h
eee ree
5 og me tlo® oat: ave
ue
hee sio hia
meee ek 1)
c] ¢ g | aa
6:0 @; {hh a ed
sly peak ei ose ne
° ca peay yi
oe 6 oo eb
ye pe geld
ned se ton jeeves
oa leer re reed “y
pret ok
cr eee cp le
. 5 ers nes (oa
tag sy
c pi, od oe
which statements about this vascular bundle are correct?
1 the vascular bundle is part of the structure of a root.
2 some of the cells in region x have very large numbers of mitochondria.
3 region y is made up of a number of different cell types.
a 1and2 b 1 only c 2and3 d = 3only
ee

238 wvnicn changes to the water potential and the volume of solution in the phloem sieve tube
element occur when sucrose is moved from the phloem sieve tube element to an actively dividing
shoot tip?

water potential in | volume of solution
phloem sieve tube in phloem sieve
element becomes tube element

a higher decreases

b higher increases

cc lower decreases

d lower increases

29 which processes occur during the loading of sucrose into phloem sieve tubes?
1 protons are pumped out of the cytoplasm of the companion cell into its cell wall.
2 there is a higher concentration of protons in the symplastic pathway outside the
companion cell.
3. protons are unable to move back into the companion cell.
4 aco-transporter molecule acts as a carrier for protons and sucrose.
a i1and2 b 1and4 c 2and3 d 3and4

30 the photomicrograph shows a section through a structure found in mammals viewed using a
light microscope.
>» is i?
see oe arai
i. ‘ : ab ww
es se woe z
ee es ce
b se mw
a of ee
por, pg es
pe ae ae ns
x60
what are the main components of layer w?
a_ collagen fibres only
b elastic fibres and collagen fibres
c smooth muscle and elastic fibres
d squamous epithelial cells forming an endothelium

31 which statement correctly links muscular or elastic arteries to their function?

a_ the aorta is an example of a muscular artery as it transports blood from the left ventricle of
the heart.

b_ arteries further away from the heart are muscular arteries as they transport blood at high
pressure.

c_ elastic arteries expand when the heart contracts and then recoil as the heart relaxes to
maintain pressure.

d muscular arteries facilitate smoother blood flow than elastic arteries as their walls expand
and recoil.

32 the graph shows the changes in pressure that occur in the left side of the heart during one
cardiac cycle.
can
y, \
i \
|
| \
| \
| \
i \ key
pressure h ' -——-—- left ventricle
} ; ——— aorta
| \ trereeeeeees left atrium
| \
i \
ees et, —
a a yosle® sinre > ew.
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
time/s
what is the heart rate in beats per minute?
a 75 b 80 cc 120 d 150

33 which events occur during ventricular systole?
1 atrioventricular valves close.
2 muscle in ventricle walls relaxes.
3. semilunar valves open.
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c ‘1and3only d = 2and3only

34 which reactions take place in a capillary in the lungs?
1 carbonic acid is formed from carbon dioxide and water.
2 carbaminohaemoglobin is formed from carbon dioxide and haemoglobin.
3 haemoglobinic acid is formed from haemoglobin and hydrogen ions.
4 carbon dioxide and water are formed from hydrogencarbonate ions and hydrogen
ions.
a i1and2 b 3and4 c 3only d 4only

35 which features are important for the process of diffusion of oxygen out of an alveolus?
1
blood pressure
forces red blood cells
through capillaries
2
4 ee
substance to reduce apitheliam is
: features permeable to
surface tension :
respiratory gases
3
moist squamous
epithelium present
a 1,2and3 b 1,3 and4 c 1 and3 only d 2and4

36 a student viewed three slides at both low magnification and high magnification. each slide was a
section through a different airway of the gas exchange system.
the student observed three features in each slide.
three features observed by student
1 irregular arrangement of cartilage
highly folded inner layer
cilia on epithelial cells
2 very few goblet cells
cilia on epithelial cells
thick layer of smooth muscle relative to wall thickness
3 smooth muscle tissue
blood vessels
many goblet cells
which row correctly identifies the three slides?
[sae [sae [ ste
a bronchus bronchiole trachea
b bronchus trachea bronchiole
cc trachea bronchiole bronchus
d trachea bronchus bronchiole

37 which terms can be used to describe the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of malaria?
1 malarial parasite
2 pathogen
3 vector
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c 1and3only d_= 3only

38 rheumatoid arthritis is a disease which causes the body’s immune system to attack its own cells.
the disease can be treated using monoclonal antibodies.
the table shows how five different monoclonal antibodies can work.
1 binding to proteins on cell surfaces and triggering the immune system
2 blocking molecules on cell surfaces that inhibit t-lymphocytes
3 blocking cell signalling receptors that trigger cell division
4 binding to antigens on cell surfaces and releasing a drug
5 blocking cell signalling receptors that trigger the immune response
inflammation and swelling of joints are symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. the cytokine,
tnfalpha, activates cells in the immune system leading to death of cells in the joint.
which types of monoclonal antibody could be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?
a 1,2,3,4and5
b 1, 2,3 and 4 only
c 2,3 and 5 only
d 4and 5 only

39 a person’s blood group is determined by antigens present on the red blood cells. antibodies in
the plasma of the person who receives the blood can make some blood transfusions unsafe.
the table shows the antigens and antibodies in the blood of people with different blood groups.
on red blood cells a or b in plasma
a a only anti-b only
b b only anti-a only
ab aandb neither
oo neither anti-a and anti-b
which blood groups can be given to a person with blood group a?
a aandab b aando c bando d abonly

40 some of the events during the primary immune response are listed.
1 phagocytosis of a foreign microbe by a macrophage and antigen presentation
2 some t-lymphocytes will become t-killer cells which kill infected body cells
3. the t-helper cell divides by mitosis to produce t-lymphocyte clones
4 a t-helper cell with the complementary receptor binds to the antigens being
presented

what is the correct sequence of events during the primary immune response?

a 451>53->2

b 1354532

c 3515452

d 354>51>2

Solve 9700_s22_qp_13