chemistry

1 theion y~ contains 18 electrons and has a mass number of 31.
how many protons and neutrons does y* contain?
[protons [nets

a 15 16
b 15 18
cc 18 13
d 21 10

2 a 0.216g sample of an aluminium compound x reacts with an excess of water to produce a
single hydrocarbon gas. this gas burns completely in oz to form hzo and coz only. the volume
of co, at room temperature and pressure is 108 cm’.

what is the formula of x?
a al2c3 b_ al3c2 c al3c,4 d alsc3

3 = which equation correctly describes the complete combustion of an alkene, c,h2an?
a cyhon + 2no2, + ncoz + 2nh,o0
b c,h, + 2no2 + ncoz + nh,o0
c cyhe, + 2no2 — ncoz + nh2o
d cyho + 2noz > ncoz + 2nh,0

4 two conversions are shown.
nh," > nhs
c2h, > c2he
which similar feature do these two conversions have?
a_ change in oxidation state of an element
b_ decrease in bond angle
c formation of a lone pair of electrons
d loss of a x bond

5 all gases listed are at the same pressure.
which gas will most closely approach ideal behaviour?
a ammonia at 100k
b ammonia at 500k
c neon at 100k
d_ neon at 500k

6 ~the following data are needed for this question.

ah®(co(g)) = -111 kj mol

ah#(co,(g)) = -394 kj mol

ah®(fe,o,(s)) = -822 kj mol
carbon monoxide reacts with iron(iii) oxide.

3co(g) + fe203(s) > 3co,(g) + 2fe(s)

what is the enthalpy change when 55.8g of iron are produced by this reaction?
a -27.0kj b -13.5kj c +13.5kj d +27.0kj

7 vanadium reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to form v2(so,)3 and hydrogen gas.
what happens to vanadium atoms in this reaction?
a they lose three electrons and are oxidised.
b_ they lose three electrons and are reduced.
c_ they lose two electrons and are oxidised.
d_ they lose two electrons and are reduced.

8 na,s2o3 reacts with hcl as shown.
nazs203(aq) + 2hcl(aq) > 2nacl(aq) + h2o(i) + so2(g) + s(s)

when calculating the oxidation number of sulfur in na2s2o3, the average oxidation number of the
two sulfur atoms should be found.
what is the oxidation number of sulfur in each of nazs203, so2, and s?
[[nasion[ so, [s_

a +2 +2 +1

b +2 +4 0

cc +4 +4 0

d +5 +4 0

9 ammonia is produced by the haber process.
no + 3h2 = 2nh; ah® = -92kj mol
a fault in the temperature control during the process resulted in the temperature changing to
600°c for two hours.
what effect did this have on the ammonia production during this time?
a ammonia was formed faster. the equilibrium yield decreased.
b ammonia was formed faster. the equilibrium yield increased.
c ammonia was formed slower. the equilibrium yield decreased.
d ammonia was formed slower. the equilibrium yield increased.

10 for the reaction shown, an equilibrium is establisned at a temperature of /ook.
the equilibrium constant, k,, for the reaction is 9.80kpa. the partial pressure of n2o, at
equilibrium is 80.0 kpa.
n2o,(g) == 2no.(g)
what is the partial pressure of no2 at equilibrium?
a 8.16kpa b  28.0kpa c 66.6kpa d 784kpa

11 the diagram shows the boltzmann distribution of the energy of gaseous molecules at a particular

temperature.

proportion

of molecules

with energy e

°%
molecular energy e

which statement is correct?
a if the temperature of the gas is raised, the height of the maximum of the curve increases.
b if the temperature of the gas is raised, the maximum of the curve moves to the right.
c_ the length of the line labelled x shows the activation energy for the reaction.
d_ the length of the line labelled y shows the enthalpy change of the reaction.

12 magnesium cnioride, mgcl, and silicon tetracnioride, sicl,, are separately added to waiter.
what are the approximate ph values of the solutions formed?
[mec [sic |
a 0-3 0-3
b 0-3 6-7
cc 6-7 0-3
d 6-7 6-7

13. which graph correctly shows the relative melting points of the elements mg, al, si and p plotted
against their relative first ionisation energies?
a b
si
al
© © si
()
melting point mg al melting point mg
eo ® i)
p
p
© 0}
first ionisation energy first ionisation energy
cc d
: si
si 3
al®
' : al om i int | mg
melting point © oe melting point 5 -
p i)
()
first ionisation energy first ionisation energy

14 the table gives information about calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide.
which row is correct?
calcium hydroxide
calcium carbonate can be manufactured
is more soluble than using calcium

calcium hydroxide carbonate as a

starting material
a no no
b no yes
c yes no
d yes yes

15 which row correctly describes the reactions of calcium and strontium with water?
[ [substance resuced [substance ondsed | more vigorous reaction |
a calcium or strontium water calcium + water
b calcium or strontium water strontium + water
cc water calcium or strontium calcium + water
d water calcium or strontium strontium + water
a

16 chlorine gas is added to cold, aqueous sodium hydroxide.
in a separate experiment, chlorine gas is added to hot, aqueous sodium hydroxide.
which oxidation states of chlorine are found in the reactants and products of the two reactions
that take place?
a 0,-1, +1 and +5
b- 0, -1 and +1 only
c_ 0,-1 and +5 only
do, +1 and +5 only

17 a test-tube of hbr(g) and a separate test-tube of hi(g) are heated to the same temperature.
which combination of observations is possible?
| | test-tube of hbr(g) test-tube of hi(g)
a a brown vapour appears no change
b a purple vapour appears no change
cc no change a brown vapour appears
d no change a purple vapour appears

18 ammonia exists as simple covalent molecules, nh3. ammonia can react with suitable reagents to
form products containing ammonium ions, nh,”. ammonia can also react with suitable reagents
to form products containing amide ions, nh2 .
which of these nitrogen-containing species are present in an aqueous solution of ammonia?
a ammonia molecules and amide ions only
b ammonia molecules and ammonium ions only
c ammonia molecules only
d ammonium ions only

19 what would be produced when 60g of nitrogen monoxide react with an excess of carbon
monoxide in a catalytic converter?
a 12g of carbon and 92g of nitrogen dioxide
b 24g of carbon and 92g of nitrogen dioxide
c 88g of carbon dioxide and 28g of nitrogen
d 88g of carbon dioxide and 56g of nitrogen

20 structural isomerism and stereoisomerism should be considered when answering this question.
which formula identifies a single substance?
a ch3chcich2cho
b  ch3;chchch3
c ch2cich2chci2
d c4hio

21 structural isomerism and stereoisomerism should be considered when answering this question.
if a molecule contains two non-identical chiral carbon atoms, four optical isomers exist.
how many isomers are there with
e molecular formula c7h;40 and
e a five-membered ring and
e  =atertiary alcohol group?
a 4 b 5 c 9 d 13

22 the formulae of three compounds are shown.
c3h7cho c2hscoch3 ch2chch2ch20h
only one of these compounds will decolourise bromine water. only one of these compounds will
produce a silver mirror with tollens’ reagent.
which row shows the correct results?
| sae [sa
bromine water with tollens’ reagent

a c3h7cho c2hscoch3

b c2hscoch3 c3h7cho

cc ch2chch2ch2oh c2hscoch3

d ch2chch2ch20h c3h7cho

23 carboxylic acids may be prepared by several different methods.
in which reaction would propanoic acid be formed?
a_ adding ammonium propanoate to dilute sulfuric acid
b_ heating ethyl propanoate with aqueous sodium hydroxide
c heating propan-2-ol with acidified potassium manganate(vii) under reflux
d heating propyl ethanoate with dilute sulfuric acid

24 the diagram represents the structure of a polymer.
oh oh oh oh oh oh
ee

fiiddt

by which method might this polymer be made?

a_polymerise ethene followed by hydration

b_polymerise ethene followed by oxidation with cold, acidified kmno,

c_polymerise 1,2-dichloroethene followed by hydrolysis

d_polymerise 1,2-dichloroethene followed by oxidation with cold, acidified kmno,

25 bromine reacts with ethene in the dark.
which description of the organic intermediate in this reaction is correct?
a it has a negative charge.
b_iitis a free radical.
c_itis a nucleophile.
d_itis an electrophile.

26 which statement about butan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, and 2-methylbutan-2-ol is not correct?
a they all react with methanoic acid to form an ester.
b_ they all react with sodium.
c_ they can all be dehydrated to form an alkene.
d_ they can all be oxidised to a carbonyl compound.

27 which compound will react with acidified potassium dichromate(vi) and with alkaline aqueous
iodine?
a  ch3coch2ch3
b  ch3;ch(oh)ch2ch3
c ch3ch2ch,cho
d chsch2ch2ch20h

28 chlorogenic acid is found in green coffee beans and is used in treatments for weight loss.
ho co,h
fe) r = c,h,o, and takes
ja no part in the reaction
ho 0 r with sodium carbonate.
oh
chlorogenic acid
what is produced in good yield when chlorogenic acid is treated with an excess of sodium
carbonate solution at room temperature?
a b
ho co,na naoq co,na
o (8)
ho kar nao oh anp
oh ona
cc d
nao co,h ho co,na
o (e)
bda . joa
nao o r ho oh ho r
ona oh

29 butanoic acid can be produced from 1-bromopropane using reagents x and y as shown.
reagent x reagent y
1-bromopropane ———————— compound q ———————_» butanoic acid
what could be reagents x and y?
a ee eee
a kcn in ethanol hcl(aq)
b kcn in ethanol naoh(aq)
cc nhsg in ethanol hcl(aq)
d naoh(aq) h*/cr207* (aq)

30 how many esters with the molecular formula cs5h;9o2 can be made by reacting a primary alcohol
with a carboxylic acid?
a 4 b 5 cc 6 d 8

31 which statements about the atoms **na and “*mg are correct?
1 they have the same number of filled electron orbitals.
2 they have the same number of neutrons.
3 they are both reducing agents.

32 which compounds contain covalent bonds?
1. aluminium chloride
2 ammonia
3 calcium fluoride

33 ethylene glycol, hoch2ch2oh, is used as a de-icer. it allows ice to melt at temperatures below
0°c.
which statements are correct?
1 ethylene glycol changes the extensive network of hydrogen bonds in ice.
2 ethylene glycol molecules form hydrogen bonds with other ethylene glycol molecules.
3 ethylene glycol molecules will dissolve in the water formed from the ice.

34 a student carried out two experiments using mno, as a catalyst to decompose hydrogen
peroxide. the equation for this reaction is shown.
2h202(aq) — 2h20(i) + o2(g)

the student's results are recorded in the table.
____massitno: | cantons | vetids | final vor =
experiment 1 0.25g room conditions 10.0cm* 480 cm? 200s
experiment 2 0.259 room conditions 10.0cm® 480.cm? 500s
which statements are correct?

1. the activation energy was the same for both experiments.

2 the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution used was 4.0 moldm™.

3 the mno, used in experiment 1 was in larger pieces than the mno, used in experiment 2.

35 the formula of a solid magnesium compound is mg(no3)2.6h20. when the solid compound is
heated in a hard-glass test-tube, one or more changes are observed.
which statements are correct?
1. strong heating produces a basic residue.
2 strong heating produces a brown gas.
3 gentle heating produces colourless droplets of liquid on the upper parts of the test-tube.

36 sulfur dioxide is an atmospheric pollutant.
what might result from the release of sulfur dioxide gas into the atmosphere?
1 reduction of no2 to no
2 depletion of aquatic life
3 corrosion of limestone statues

37 which mechanisms are represented in this sequence of reactions?
ch3ch2ch3 — ch3ch2ch2cl > ch3ch2ch2oh — ch3chch2 — ch3chbrch2br
1 electrophilic addition
2 nucleophilic substitution
3 free radical substitution

38 which compounds, on heating with ethanolic naoh, produce more than one product with
molecular formula c4hg?
1. 2-bromobutane
2  2-bromo-2-methylpropane
3. 1-bromo-2-methylpropane

39 substance m is refluxed with aqueous sodium hydroxide. one of the products of this reaction
reacts with alkaline aqueous iodine to give a pale yellow precipitate.
which compounds could be substance m?
1 ch3co2ch3
2 ch3co,ch2ch3
3. hco2ch(chs)2

40 propanal will react with hydrogen cyanide to form 2-hydroxybutanenitrile. a suitable catalyst for
this reaction is sodium cyanide.
nacn
ch3ch2cho + hcn == ch3ch2ch(oh)cn
which statements about this reaction of propanal with hydrogen cyanide are correct?
1. the cn ion attacks the propanal molecule to form an intermediate ion.
2 the product of the reaction has a chiral carbon atom.
3 the cn ion is a stronger electrophile than the hcn molecule.

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