chemistry

1 the first four ionisation energies for element x are shown in the table.
value/kj mol 1980 2960 6190
which ion of x is produced by removing an electron from a filled shell?
a xx b x* c x* d x*

2 what is a basic assumption of the kinetic theory, as applied to an ideal gas?
a_ collisions between gas molecules are elastic.
b_ each gas molecule occupies a finite volume.
c_ gases consist of particles that experience the force of gravity.
d gas molecules attract each other with weak intermolecular forces.

3  asample of the hydrocarbon cgh.2 is completely burned in dry oxygen and the product gases are
collected as shown.
product gases,
h,o + co, + excess of o, excess of o,
—> —> ———-
p q
anhydrous soda lime
calcium chloride : f (to absorb co,)
(to absorb h,o) : f
the increases in mass of the collecting vessels p and q are mp and ma, respectively.
what is the ratio mp / ma?
a 0.41 b 0.82 cc 1.2 d 24

4 5.0g samples of the carbonates of barium, copper, lithium and magnesium are decomposed to
the metal oxides and carbon dioxide.
for which compound is there the greatest loss in mass?
a __ barium carbonate
b_ copper(ii) carbonate
c lithium carbonate
d magnesium carbonate

2%  inthis question you snoula assume metnane benaves as an ideal gas.
the gas laws can be summarised in the ideal gas equation below.
pv=nrt
the volume of a sample of methane is measured at a temperature of 60°c and a pressure of
103 kpa. the volume measured is 5.37 x 10° m°.
what is the mass of the sample of methane, given to two significant figures?
a 0.0032g b_ 0.018g c 3.2g d 18g

6 a butane burner is used to heat water. the m, of butane is 58.
e ah? of butane is -2877 kj mol”.
e 250g of water is heated from 12°c to 100°c.
e the burner transfers 47% of the heat released from the burning fuel to the water.
assume that the butane undergoes complete combustion and none of the water evaporates.
what is the minimum mass of butane that must be burnt?
a 0.068g b_ 1.85g c 3.94g d 448g

7 nitric acid is known to take part in the oxidation of atmospheric sulfur dioxide. one possible
reaction is shown.
so, + hno3 — no* + hso,
which row shows the correct changes in oxidation numbers of nitrogen and sulfur?
[| rivesen [sort |
a -3 +3
b —2 +2
cc -2 +3
d -1 +2
lee eee sss...

6 a transition metal lon, m*’, reacts with acidified dichromate(v1) lions to form m™ tons, cr" tons,
and h,0.
which equation correctly represents this reaction?
a cr07* + 14h* + m* > 2cr* + 7h,o + m*
b cr0;? + 14h* + 2m* > 2cr* + 7h,o + 2m*
c cr0,* + 14h* + 3m* - 2cr* + 7h20 + 3m*
d cro;> + 14h* + 6m* > 2cr* + 7h,o + 6m*

9 in this question you should assume that all gases behave ideally.
hydrogen and iodine react reversibly in the following reaction. the system reaches dynamic
equilibrium.
h2(g) + l(g) = 2hi(g) ah = -9.5kj mol
which statement must be true for the k, of this equilibrium to be constant?
a_ the partial pressures of h2, iz and hi are equal.
b_ the external pressure is constant.
c_ the forward and reverse reactions have stopped.
d_ the temperature is constant.

10 0.200mol of sulfur dioxide and 0.200 mol of oxygen are placed in a 1.00dm° sealed container.
the gases are allowed to react until equilibrium is reached.
2so2 + o2 = 2803
at equilibrium there is 0.100 mol of sos3 in the container.
what is the value of k,?
a 0.150moldm*
b 0.800 moldm®
cc 1.25mol' dm?
d 6.67 mol"'dm®

11 +two reactions are shown.
reaction 1 no(g) + 3h2(g) = 2nh3(g)
reaction 2 203(g) = 302(g)
in reaction 1, a finely powdered iron catalyst is used.
in reaction 2, a vaporised tetrachloromethane catalyst in ultraviolet light is used.
which statement about the catalysts used is correct?
a both reaction 1 and reaction 2 use a heterogeneous catalyst.
b_ both reaction 1 and reaction 2 use a homogeneous catalyst.
c_ reaction 1 uses a heterogeneous catalyst and reaction 2 uses a homogeneous catalyst.
d_ reaction 1 uses a homogeneous catalyst and reaction 2 uses a heterogeneous catalyst.

12 sodium and sulfur are burned separately in oxygen.
each reaction has a distinctive coloured flame.
which row is correct?

(fro, [sro |
a white blue
b white yellow
cc yellow blue
d yellow yellow

13 x and y are elements in period 3 of the periodic table.
e the oxide of x is a solid at room temperature. this oxide has a giant structure.
e the chloride of x does not react with water.
e argon is the only element in period 3 with a lower melting point than y.
what could be the formula of a compound formed between elements x and y?
a al2ss3 b mgss c nacl d pcls

14 which row describes the structure and bonding of sioz and sic1,?
| esa pe pm
a covalent giant covalent giant
b covalent giant covalent simple
cc ionic giant covalent giant
d ionic giant covalent simple

15 a sample of anhydrous calcium nitrate is placed in a test-tube and heated in a roaring bunsen
flame until it decomposes. the description of the gas in the test-tube is then noted. a glowing
splint is then put into the test-tube and any changes are noted.

which observations are correct?
description of the result of
gas in the test-tube glowing splint test
a brown the splint goes out
b brown the splint relights
cc colourless the splint goes out
d colourless the splint relights

16 which row correctly describes the properties of the halogens as group 17 is descended from
chlorine to iodine?
volatility strength as
oxidising agent

a decreases decreases
b decreases increases
cc increases decreases
d increases increases

17 reaction 1: chlorine reacts with cold aqueous sodium hydroxide to form solution z.
reaction 2: solution z is heated and forms c1o3 (aq) and cl (aq).
which equations represent reaction 1 and reaction 2?

a reaction’ 2cl, + 40h — clo, + 3cl- + 2h,o
reaction2 3cloz — 2cl0o3 + cl”

b_reaction1 2cl, + 40h -—+ clo, + 3cl” + 2h,0
reaction2 3clo — clo3 + 2ci-

c_ reaction 1 clz + 20h + clo” + cl’ + ho
reaction2 2clo0° + 20h - clo; + cl + h,0

d_ reaction 1 cl, + 20h > clo” + cl + h20
reaction2 3clo0 ~— clo3 + 2ci”

18 which statement explains the observation that magnesium hydroxide dissolves in aqueous
ammonium chloride, but not in aqueous sodium chloride?
a the ionic radius of the nh, ion is similar to that of mg?* but not that of na’.
b  nh,cldissociates less fully than nacl
c the na‘ and mg”* ions have the same number of electrons.
d_ the nh,’ ion can donate a proton.

19 transition elements and their compounds are widely used as catalysts.
what is the identity and what is the oxidation number of the element present in the catalyst used
in the contact process?
[| eement [ation number
a iron 0
b iron +3
cc vanadium 0
d vanadium +5

20 what is true of every nucleophile?
a_ it attacks a double bond.
b_ it donates a lone pair of electrons.
c_ itis asingle atom.
d_ itis negatively charged.

21 xhas the molecular formula cs5h;20. x has a branched carbon skeleton and a secondary alcohol
functional group.
how many structural isomers fit this description of x?
a 1 b 2 cc 3 d 4

22 anew jet fuel has been produced that is a mixture of different structural isomers of compound q.
q
which skeletal formula represents a structural isomer of q?
a b
cc d

23 +the conversion of propene to propan-2-ol can be carried out in two stages represented by the
equations shown.
reaction 1 chsch=ch2(g) + hi(g) — chschichs(i)
reaction 2 ch3chichs(i1) + koh(aq) - ch3ch(oh)ch;(aq) + k*(aq) + i(aq)
how can these two reactions be described?
[| rescion | reason? |
a addition elimination
b addition substitution
cc elimination substitution
d substitution elimination

24 an organic molecule w contains 3 carbon atoms. it requires 4.5 molecules of oxygen for
complete combustion.
what could w be?
a propane
b_propanoic acid
c_propanone
d_propan-1-ol

25 compound j, cish23brecl, is reacted with an excess of a hot concentrated solution of
sodium hydroxide in ethanol. one of the products is x.
excess naoh
cl :
br in ethanol
—————> x
br
compound j
what could be the skeletal formula of x?
a b cc d

26 sodium reacts with 1 mol of compound y to produce 1 mol of h2(g).
which compound could y be?
a  ch3ch2ch2ch20h
b  (chs)3coh
c ch3ch2ch,co2h
d ch3ch(oh)co2h

27 which compound shows optical isomerism and gives a positive test with alkaline aqueous iodine?
a  ch3coch(oh)chs
b  ch3coch2ch20h
c hoch2ch(ch3)cho
d (chs3)2c(oh)cho

28 ethanedioic acid, ho,cco2h, is reduced using an excess of lithium aluminium hydride, lia/h,.
what is the organic product of the reaction?
a ethanol
b_ ethane-1,2-diol
c_ ethanedial, ohccho
d methane

29 the diester shown can be hydrolysed by heating with an excess of aqueous sodium hydroxide.
i iid |
en ccs
h h h o 4h
what would the products of this reaction be?
o h h h o h
4 a ||
a na an ne noe
oh h h h h
o h h h oo 4h
1 | | |
b na nao ff ona —*
oh h h h h
o h h h o h
4 a | |
cc i 9 noe ee o8 ——
ona h h 4h h
o h h h o 4h
1 | | ||
d oo nao ons n20 ee
ona h h 4h h

30 jis a branched-chain alcohol, csh120. j is heated under reflux with an excess of cr.077"/h* until
no further reaction occurs. an organic compound k is formed in good yield.
the infra-red spectrum of k is shown.
100
transmittance
%
50
0
4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500
wavenumber/cm-'
what are the structures of the branched-chain alcohol j and compound k?
ee ee
a ch3ch(ch3)ch2ch20h ch3ch(ch3)ch2cho
b ch3ch2,ch(oh)ch2ch3 ch3ch2coch2ch3
cc ch3ch(ch3)ch(oh)ch3 ch3ch(ch3)coch3
d ch3ch(ch3)ch2ch20h ch3ch(ch3)ch2cooh

31 which ions contain one or more unpaired electrons?
1 cu*
2  mn*
3 yw

32 which molecules and ions have a bond angle of 120°?
1 bf3
2 ch;
3 nh3

33 which statements are correct for all exothermic reactions?
1 ah for the reaction is negative.
2  onareaction pathway diagram the products are shown lower than the reactants.
3. the reaction will occur without heating.

34 the factors affecting the rate of reaction between aqueous sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric
acid can be investigated. the ionic equation for the reaction is shown.
s203" (aq) + 2h*(aq) > h2o(i) + s(s) + so2(aq)
which of the following can be used to investigate the rate of this reaction?
1. change of mass
2 change of appearance caused by formation of a precipitate
3. change of electrical conductivity

35 which reaction routes can be used to make a pure sample of barium sulfate?
1 bametal —< product a product 2 a” product 3 ie
2 ba(no,), a _— ner ere so" ee ae
3 ba(oh), <a product ha product 2 ——

36 which properties increase from magnesium to barium?
1 ionic radius of the cation m**
2 screening of outermost electrons by inner shells
3 solubility of the hydroxides, m(oh)s, in water

37 2-methylpropene can react in more than one way with chlorine.
one of the reactions follows the pathway shown.
ch, ch, ch,
/ / /
ch,==c + cl, — cich,—c + cl + cich,—c. + hcl
\ \ \
ch, ch, ch,
2-methylpropene intermediate product
which statements about this mechanism are correct?
1. the intermediate has all carbon atoms in the same plane.
2 there is an electrophilic attack on the double bond.
3 it is a free radical mechanism.

38 the halogenoalkanes listed below all react with naoh(aq).
which reactions proceed mainly by an sy1 mechanism?
1. 1-iodopropane
2. 2-iodo-2-methylpropane
3 2-bromo-2-methylbutane

39 3-oxobutanoic acid can be synthesised in a two-step process.
[e) [e)
a
oh
3-oxobutanoic acid
what could be the structure of x?
1 gy
cl o
2 1 tb
oh
br o
s 1
h

40 ethanal reacts with hcn in the presence of kcn.
which changes in bonding occur during this reaction?
1. acarbon-carbon bond is formed.
2  acarbon-hydrogen bond is broken.
3. acarbon-nitrogen bond is broken.

Solve 9701_w18_qp_11