chemistry

1. the boltzmann distribution of molecular energies in a sample of aqueous hydrogen peroxide at
room temperature is shown.
roportion of monleoules
peck ; with sufficient
molecules with aneraytareaet
energy, e gy
0 i
0 molecular energy, e
which diagram shows the boltzmann distribution of molecular energies of aqueous hydrogen
peroxide maintained at room temperature when a catalyst, manganese(iv) oxide, is added?
a b
molecules
, molecules 5‘ i ici

2 oxygen has three stable isotopes, "o, '‘o and ‘“o. all three isotopes are present in a sample of
oxygen gas, o2, which was analysed using a mass spectrometer.
how many peaks associated with the o2" ion would be expected?
a 3 b 5 cc 6 d9

3. the first eight successive ionisation energies for two elements of period 3 of the periodic table
are shown in the graphs.
ionisation ionisation
energy energy
012 3 45 67 8 0123 45 67 8
electron removed electron removed
what is the formula of the ionic compound formed from these elements?
a mgcl b cabr2 c nas d k,se

4 ao bond is made between two carbon atoms in a molecule of ethene.
which diagram shows the orbital overlap that occurs to form this bond?
a b cc d

5 the table shows some properties of four substances.

which substance could be potassium iodide?
melting point electrical conductivity

of solid/°c when molten

a -66 poor

b -39 good

cc 680 good

d 1600 poor

6 x,y and zare all gases that behave ideally and react according to the equation shown.
x(g) + 2¥(g) > 22(g)
when 3.0 mol of x and 3.0 mol of y are placed inside a container with a volume of 1.0dm’, they
react to form the maximum amount of z.
the final temperature of the reaction vessel is 120°c.
what is the final pressure inside the reaction vessel?
a 449x10°pa
b 9.80 x 10°pa
c 1.47 10’pa
d 1.96 x 10’pa

7 which pair of substances are both simple molecular?
a ceo and graphene
b ceo and iodine
c_ graphene and graphite
d graphite and iodine

8 areaction pathway diagram is shown.
n
reactants hes vv
energy o; |p
k} jl
products
progress of reaction
which row is correct?
enthalpy change of activation energy of
the forward reaction the reverse reaction
a k
b k
cc l
d p

9  xis either chlorine or an oxide of chlorine.
x reacts with water, under suitable conditions, to form the two acids hcl and hc/o3 in the mole
ratio of 1 (hc1):5 (hc1os).
what could be x?
a cl, b cl,0 c clo, d = cl,07

10 cithy! ethanoate undergoes the following reaction.
ch3co2c2hs + hzo = c2hs0h + ch3co2h k, = 0.27
equal amounts of ethanoic acid and ethanol were mixed together and allowed to reach
equilibrium.
at equilibrium, the concentrations of both ethanoic acid and ethanol were 0.42 mol dm*.
what is the concentration of ethyl ethanoate at equilibrium?
a 0.22moldm®
b 0.65moldm*
c 0.81 moldm?
d 1.54moldm*

11. which row is an example of heterogeneous catalysis?
re ee
a esterification sulfuric acid
b the contact process divanadium pentoxide
cc destruction of the ozone layer chlorine radicals
d atmospheric formation of sulfur trioxide nitrogen dioxide

12 element q readily oxidises in air. the oxide produced reacts with water to form a solution of very
low ph.
where could element q be found in the periodic table?
[pets [oun |
a 2 1
b 2 14
cc 3 14
d 3 15

13 the eight elements sodium to argon are in the same period of the periodic table.
the equation corresponding to the first ionisation energy is shown.
x(g) > x"(g) + &
for which of these eight elements is the electron in this equation removed from a filled orbital?
a mg, al, si, p, s, cland ar
b_ al, si, p, s, cl and ar only
c mg, 8s, cland ar only
ds, cland ar only

14 elements d and e are both in period 3. element d has the smallest atomic radius in period 3.
there are only two elements in period 3 which have a lower melting point than element e.
elements d and e react together to form compound l.

which compound could be l?
a mgcl, b mgs c nas d pcls3

15 how many of the solutions shown, when added to separate portions of magnesium sulfate
solution, produce a white precipitate?
hcl(aq) nh3(aq) = (nh4)2co3(aq) —- ba(nos)2(aq)
a 0 b 1 cc 2 d 3

16 awhite solid, z, is soluble in water. a sample of z is heated with a bunsen burner until there is no
further change. when the residue is shaken with water a solution is formed with no solid
remaining.

what could z be?
a mgco; b  mg(nos)2 c baco; d  ba(no3)2

17 anexcess of chlorine was bubbled into 100 cm” of hot 6.0 moldm™ sodium hydroxide.
how many moles of sodium chloride would be produced in the reaction?
a 0.3 b 0.5 cc 06 d 1.2

18 ammonium sulfate, (nh4)2so.4, and ammonium nitrate, nh,nos, are used as fertilisers.
these salts have different percentages by mass of nitrogen. they have the same effect as each
other on the ph of wet neutral soil.
which row is correct?
higher parceniags effect on ph of soil
of nitrogen by mass
a ammonium nitrate decrease
b ammonium nitrate increase
cc ammonium sulfate decrease
d ammonium sulfate increase

19 which reaction gives a product that is an atmospheric pollutant causing acid rain’?
a 3mg(s) + so2(g) > mgs(s) + 2mgo(s)
b  (nh4)2so,(s) + ca(oh)2(s) > 2nh3(g) + casox(s) + 2h20(i)
c 2mno,(aq) + 5so.(g) + 2h2o(i) > 2mn**(aq) + 4h*(aq) + 5s0,7 (aq)
d 2feso,(s) > fe20;(s) + so2(g) + so3(g)

20 3-methylbut-1-ene can undergo different types of reaction.
cl
-— <—— -— ——<—_
\ cl

which row correctly identifies the reaction types?
[easton [ration |

a oxidation electrophilic addition

b oxidation nucleophilic addition

cc reduction electrophilic addition

d reduction nucleophilic addition

21 compound x does not show cis-trans isomerism.
what could be the identity of compound x?
a §1,1,2-trichloropropene
b 1,2,3-trichloropropene
c_1-chlorobut-1-ene
d_1-chlorobut-2-ene

22 the diagram shows the repeat unit of an addition polymer.
ia 1"
i |
ch, c2hs |,
what is the correct name for the monomer that would form this polymer?
a cis-1,2-diethyl-1,2-dimethylethene
b cis-2-ethyl-3-methylpent-2-ene
c _trans-2-ethyl-3-methylpent-2-ene
d _trans-3,4-dimethylhex-3-ene

23 a molecule of geraniol is shown.
geraniol
dan na,
what is formed when geraniol is reacted with an excess of cold, dilute, acidified manganate(vii)
ions?
a b
(e)
ae aw tyke
ho ho ho ho
oh oh (6) (@)
cc d
(6)
© o an hk
a, + yk + noh ss ss oh
oh oh

24 alcohol w cannot be made by reducing a carboxylic acid with lia/h,4. alcohol w gives only one
product when dehydrated with concentrated sulfuric acid.
what could be the identity of w?
a __butan-1-ol
b_butan-2-ol
c_propan-1-ol
d_propan-2-ol

29 =vvhicn product can be made trom bromoetnane by an elimination reaction?
a ethanol
b_ ethene
c_ ethylamine
d__propanenitrile

26 propene, bromine and hydrogen bromide are mixed in the dark.
a number of products are formed, some in very small quantities.
which substance will not be present in the mixture of products?
a 1-bromopropane
b  2-bromopropane
c  1,1-dibromopropane
d_ 1,2-dibromopropane

27 which reagent could be used to distinguish between ethanal and propanal?
a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
b_ i,/naoh(aq)
c k2cr207/h2sox4(aq)
d_ tollens’ reagent

28 the diagram shows that a carboxylic acid p may be formed from x, y or z.
aldehyde
y
carboxylic
acid
p
which row is correct?
alcohol x is ihe change in m,
is greatest for
a primary y top
b primary ztp
cc secondary y to p
d secondary ziop

29 one molecule of compound r is shown.
compound r
h h h oo
wtetoly
hy
pits is the name of compound r and how does its boiling point compare with that of butanoic
acid?
[raneat [oti panto |
a methyl propanoate higher than butanoic acid
b methyl propanoate lower than butanoic acid
cc propyl methanoate higher than butanoic acid
d propyl methanoate lower than butanoic acid

30 the diagram shows the infra-red spectrum of q.
100
transmittance
50
0
4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500
wavenumber/cm
what could be q?
a butan-1-ol
b_butanoic acid
c_butanone
d = 3-hydroxybutanal

31 when o>; reacts with h2s the products are so2 and h20.
mixture y contains an equal number of the two molecules shown, and no other molecules.
3o=%0 h-8s—1h
which statements about y are correct?
1 the average m, in y is 34.
2 ‘if some oxygen molecules are removed from y, the average m, of the mixture remains the
same.
3 when mixture y is ignited, some h2s remains unreacted.

32 which statements about an atom of *’tc are correct?
1 it has 13 fewer protons than neutrons.
2 it forms “°tc** which has 45 electrons.
3. it has 56 nucleons.

33 in which reactions are nitrogen atoms reduced?
1 2noz > no + 202
2 4noz — 2n20 + 30,
3  4no, + 6h20 > 4nh3 + 702

34 the manufacture of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen is an important industrial process.
which of the following would leave the equilibrium constant, k,, for the formation of ammonia
unchanged?

1 addition of an iron catalyst
2 addition of ammonia
3 anincrease in pressure

35 which reactions involving calcium and its compounds produce two gaseous products?
1 heating solid anhydrous calcium nitrate
2 heating solid anhydrous calcium carbonate
3. adding calcium metal to water

36 a small quantity of hot, concentrated sulfuric acid is added separately to solid samples of
potassium halides, kx.
which potassium halides react and produce a mixture of products that include a halogen, x2?
1 potassium iodide
2 potassium bromide
3. potassium chloride

37 the diagram shows a compound used as a flame retardant.
br
br.
br
br br
br
which statements about this structure are correct?
1 the empirical formula is c2h3br.
2 ~the cy2 ring is not planar.
3. there are six chiral carbon atoms.

38 halogenoalkanes can be hydrolysed using aqueous sodium hydroxide.
which compounds tend to be hydrolysed by an sy1 mechanism?
1. ch3ch2,cc1(ch3)ch2ch3
2  chsch2cbr(ch3)ch2chs
3 =ch3ch2ch(ch3)ch2ch2br

39 in an organic synthesis, a 62% yield of product is achieved.
which conversions are consistent with this information?
1 74.00g of butan-2-ol — 44.64 g of butanone
2  74.00g of butan-1-ol — 54.56g of butanoic acid
3 74.00g of 2-methylpropan-1-ol — 54.56 g of 2-methylpropanoic acid

40 an oxidising agent that can oxidise ethanal to ethanoic acid or ethanoate ions will also oxidise
methanoic acid, hco>h, to carbon dioxide and water.
which reagents, on heating, will react differently with hco2h and ch;co,h?
1 nazco3(aq)
2 fehling’s reagent
3. dilute acidified kmno,

Solve 9701_s19_qp_12