chemistry

1 the diagram shows the boltzmann distribution of energies in a gas. the gas undergoes a
reaction with an activation energy, e,. the peak of the distribution is labelled p.
p
proportion of
molecules with
energy e i
0 i ;
0 e.
molecular energy, e
if the same reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, which statement is correct?
a_ the peak p is at a lower height and the position of e, moves to the left.
b_ the peak p is at a lower height and the position of e, moves to the right.
c_ the peak p remains at the same height and the position of e, moves to the left.
d_ the peak p remains at the same height and the position of e, moves to the right.

2 diamond is a pure form of carbon. the mass of a diamond can be measured in carats. one carat
is 0.200 g of carbon.
which expression gives the number of carats that contain 6.02 x 107° carbon atoms?
a 0.200 x 12.0
bp 0.200
12.0
c 12.0
0.200
p 0.200 4420
6.02 x 1078

3 which molecule or ion contains the smallest bond angle?
a coh, b  ch;coch3 c nh. d nh;

4 four compounds are shown.
coh, c2hs0h ch3;cho ch3co2h
how many of these compounds have an odd number of o bonds?
a 1 b 2 cc 3 d 4

5  ethanal, ch3cho, ethanol, c2,h;0h, and methoxymethane, ch3ochs3, are three organic

compounds.
which compound has the highest boiling point and what is the interaction that causes this boiling
point to be the highest?

a methoxymethane permanent dipole-dipole forces

b ethanal hydrogen bonds

cc ethanol hydrogen bonds

d ethanal permanent dipole-dipole forces

6 what ts the oxidation number of sultur in eacn species ¢
/ [as [sos 480. |
a -2 +4 +4
b -2 +4 +6
cc +2 4 +4
d +2 4 +6

7 the following data are needed for this question.

ah? (n2h4(i)) = 50.6 kd mol

ah®(n20,(g)) = 9.2kj mol"

ah? (h,0(g)) = -241.8kj mol"
hydrazine, n2h,(i), reacts with dinitrogen tetraoxide, n2o,4(g), to form nitrogen gas and water
vapour.

2n2ha(l) + n2o4(g) > 3na(g) + 4h20(g)

what is the enthalpy change for this reaction?
a -1077.6kj mol"
b -856.8kj mol!
c -301.6kjmol*
d -182.0kj mor"

8 sodium burns in oxygen giving out heat energy and forming the compound na2o. the equation
for this reaction is shown.
2na(s) + $0,(g) > naz,o(s)
which statement about the reaction is correct?
a ah?° for the reaction is equal to twice the bond energy of the na—o bond.
b_ ah?® for the reaction is positive.
c_ the equation represents the standard enthalpy change of combustion of sodium.
d_ the equation represents the standard enthalpy change of formation of sodium oxide.

9 in the chemical equation, w, x, y and z are all whole numbers.
wclo; + xmno, + yh* — wclo, + xmno, + zh,o
when the equation is balanced, what are w, x and y?
po fw i x dy
a 4 1 2
b 2 2 2
cc 2 3 8
d 3 2 2

10 two compounds x and y react to produce compound z. the reaction is reversible.
x+ysez
when x and y are mixed together in a closed system a dynamic equilibrium is gradually
established.
which graph could represent the change in the rates of the forward and reverse reactions over
time?
a b
fs, % key
%, % rate of
me. 3 seseeeeeees forward
rate “seencccccccccccccccnce rate aa reaction
ee eee # *, %
pe ’ % rate of
?# e “ti \ ----- reverse
; 5 as reaction
0 time 0 time
cc d
ig f orm
* pd
*. % ¢
me *, ,
. . ¢
shy * ¢
*e. 7
rate see rate 4
7” rs,
, go
’ , ss
‘ , ts
4 ’ ms
, ’ "ag
0 time 0 time

11 the reaction between sulfur dioxide and oxygen is reversible.
2s0.(g) + o2(g) = 2s0;(g) k, = 280 mol" dm? at 1000k
in an equilibrium mixture at 1000k the sulfur dioxide concentration is 0.200 moldm™ and the
oxygen concentration is 0.100 moldm™.
what is the sulfur trioxide concentration?
a 1.058moldm?
b  1.120moldm®
c 2.366moldm®
d 5.600 moldm®

12 which oxide will cause an increase in ph when added to water?
a mgo b_ al,03 cc sio, d so,

13 x, y and z are consecutive elements in period 3 of the periodic table. element y has the highest
first ionisation energy and the lowest melting point of these three elements.
what are the identities of x, y and z?
pf x |v | 2 |
a na mg al
b mg al si
cc al si p
d si p is)

14 a 5.00g sample of an anhydrous group 2 metal nitrate loses 3.29g in mass when heated
strongly.
which metal is present?
a magnesium
b calcium
c strontium
d barium

15 solutions p and q each contain a different group 2 ion at the same concentration. one contains
mg”*, the other contains ba?*. tests are carried out on separate 5cm* samples of p and q.
test 1: add 1 cm® of 0.1 moldm™ nasso,(aq)
test 2: add 1. cm? of 0.1 moldm™ naoh(aq)
what are the results of these tests?
| resutsiniestt | esutsintest2
a more precipitate with ba?* more precipitate with ba2*
b more precipitate with ba”* more precipitate with mg**
cc more precipitate with mg?* more precipitate with ba2*
d more precipitate with mg?* more precipitate with mg?*

16 chlorine and bromine have different volatilities.
which row identifies the more volatile of the two elements, and gives the correct explanation?
identity of the explanation for the
more volatile element difference in volatility

a bromine instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces
are greater in bromine than they are in chlorine

b bromine instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces
are greater in chlorine than they are in bromine

cc chlorine instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces
are greater in bromine than they are in chlorine

d chlorine instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces
are greater in chlorine than they are in bromine

17 sodium azide, nansz, is dissolved in water. acidified silver nitrate is added to the solution and a
white precipitate forms. aqueous ammonia is then added to the white precipitate.
the azide ion, nz , has similar chemical properties to the cl ion.
which row of the table can be predicted from this information?
formula of observation on adding
white precipitate aqueous ammonia
a agn3 colourless solution formed
b agns precipitate remains
cc ag3n colourless solution formed
d ag3n precipitate remains

18 which type of reaction occurs when solid ammonium sulfate is heated with an excess of sodium
hydroxide solution?
a acid-base
b precipitation
c_ redox
d_ thermal decomposition

19 catalytic converters are fitted in the exhaust systems of many cars.
which gas:
e causes acid rain if it is released into the air
e is removed from car exhaust fumes by a catalytic converter?
a carbon dioxide
b_ carbon monoxide
c hydrocarbon vapour
d nitrogen dioxide

20 wvnich substance reacts with tricnioroetnene to give a chiral product?
a br b hcl c nacn d naoh

21 alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.
which type of reaction are alkanes most likely to undergo?
a electrophilic addition
b _ electrophilic substitution
c_ free radical substitution
d nucleophilic addition

22 an alkene reacts with hot, concentrated, acidified potassium manganate(vii) to produce a single
organic product as shown.
hot, concentrated, oo oo
acidified kmno,(aq)
alkene ———____> oh
what is the structure of the alkene?
a b cc d

23 a tertiary bromoalkane, indicated here by >c-br, reacts with aqueous naoh. the mechanism
has the reaction pathway shown.
xx
sc-br + oh" y
energy
sc-oh + br-
progress of reaction
which point in the diagram is correctly identified?
a xis =c+
; \z 7
b xis —=
c yis =c+
\/ ~
d yis home br

24 bromoethane and chloroethane are added separately to water. hydrolysis reactions occur.
which compound hydrolyses more rapidly and what is the mechanism?
compound that ‘
f mechanism
hydrolyses more rapidly
a bromoethane electrophilic substitution
b bromoethane nucleophilic substitution
cc chloroethane electrophilic substitution
d chloroethane nucleophilic substitution

25 alcohol x is oxidised to form compound y.
ee composition of y is 54.54% carbon, 36.36% oxygen and 9.10% hydrogen. the m, of y is
what could be the structure of alcohol x?
a ch3ch2ch(oh)ch3
b  ch;ch2ch,ch2ch,0h
c ch3ch2ch2ch20oh
d ch3ch2ch(oh)ch2ch3

26 the diagram shows the structure of compound z.
zz
o oo
aw
what is the product of the reaction between compound z and an excess of nabh,?
a b cc d
oh oh oh oh oo o o oh

27 compound q shows the following reactions.

e it gives an orange precipitate with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine.
e it gives a red-brown precipitate with fehling’s reagent.
e it gives a pale yellow precipitate with alkaline aqueous iodine.

what could be the identity of q?

a ethanal

b _propan-2-ol

c _propanal

d_propanone

28 tartaric acid, ho,cch(oh)ch(oh)coph, is found in many plants.
a sample of tartaric acid reacts with an excess of lialh, to form the organic product j.
what happens when naoh(aq) is added to separate samples of tartaric acid and j?
a both tartaric acid and j react.
b_ only tartaric acid reacts.
c only j reacts.
d_ neither tartaric acid nor j react.

29 vhen ch2(onh)ch=chco>h is warmed wiin a little concentrated sulfuric acid, a cyclic compound
is formed.
what is the skeletal formula of the cyclic compound?
a b cc d
o [@)
no ‘0 | |
—
oo
(@) oo

30 the infra-red spectrum of compound p is shown.
100
transmittance
'% 50
0
4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500
wavenumber/cm-'
what could be compound p?
a methyl ethanoate
b _propanal
c_propanoic acid
d_propan-2-ol

31 a particular atom of germanium, ge, has a nucleon number of 70.
which statements about a 22ge atom are correct?
1 it has the same number of electrons as a 2? se2* ion.
2 it has the same number of neutrons as an atom of $8zn.
3 it has half as many protons as an atom of ‘gd.

32. the first ionisation energy of chlorine is greater than that of sulfur.
which factors contribute to this?
1. chlorine has more protons in its nucleus than sulfur does.
2 chlorine has greater electron shielding than sulfur does.
3. the covalent bonds in chlorine molecules are stronger than those in sulfur molecules.

34 the stoichiometry of a catalysed reaction is shown by the equation below.
p(g) + q(g) = rig) + sil)
two experiments are carried out in which the amount of r is measured. the results are shown in
the diagram.
experiment 1
amount experiment 2
of r
0
0 time
which changes in the conditions could explain the results shown?
1 a lower pressure was used in experiment 2.
2  adifferent catalyst was used in experiment 2.
3 product s was continuously removed from the reaction vessel in experiment 2.

35 which statements are correct?
1. chloride ions are oxidised when concentrated sulfuric acid is added to nacl(s).
2  adisproportionation reaction takes place when chlorine is added to cold naoh(aq).
3. anacidic solution forms when chlorine is added to water.

36 nitrogen gas is unreactive, whereas oxygen gas and chlorine gas are reactive.
which statements help to explain this difference?
1 the two n atoms in an nz molecule are held together by a very strong triple bond.
2 the triple bond between two n atoms is not polar. the bonds in o2 and clz are polar.
3 the atoms in nz have a full outer shell of electrons. the atoms in o2 and cl2 do not have a
full outer shell of electrons.

37 the structure of tiglic acid is ch3ch=c(ch3)co2h.
which statements about the properties of one molecule of this acid are correct?
1 it contains two x bonds.
2 it contains four lone pairs of electrons.
3 it has all its atoms in the same plane.

38 which compounds, on heating with an excess of concentrated sulfuric acid, produce only one
product with molecular formula c7h19?
1 2 3
oh
oh
. oh |
oh oh oh

39 hydrogen cyanide reacts with propanone in the presence of potassium cyanide.
which statements about this reaction are correct?
1 the cyanide ion is a catalyst for the reaction.
2 this is an addition reaction.
3. the intermediate behaves as a base.

1. which statement is correct?
a clhas a relative isotopic mass of 35.5.
b- cl, has a relative molecular mass of 70.
c_ iclhas a relative molecular mass of 162.4.
d  naclhas a relative molecular mass of 58.5.

2 strontium metal can be extracted trom strontium oxide, sro, by reduction with aluminium. one of
the possible reactions is shown.
6sro + 2al > 3sr + sr3al20¢6
what is the maximum mass of strontium metal that can be produced from the reduction of 100g
of strontium oxide using this reaction?
a 41.3g b 423g c 846g d 169.2g
oo ———————eoe—e—e—e—e—e—e—e—e—e——eee————— ___oeo_—v~ooo

3 a single ““p nucleus can be produced when a single ““s nucleus joins with particle x. in the
process a proton is emitted.
what is particle x?
a adeuteron, 4h"
banelectron
c aneutron
d_ aproton

4 in which of the following, when in liquid form, are there only intermolecular forces based on
temporary dipoles between the particles?
a bromine
b_ ethanol
c hydrogen chloride
d_ water

5 copper has a high melting point.
what is the reason for the high melting point of copper?
a strong attractive forces between copper atoms only
b _ strong attractive forces between copper ions and delocalised electrons
c strong attractive forces between copper ions only
d strong attractive forces between copper atoms and delocalised electrons

6 which pair of standard entnalpy changes are numerically equal?
a_atomisation of ch,(g) and formation of ch,(g)
b combustion of ch3oh(i) and combustion of graphite + 2(combustion of h2(g))
c combustion of graphite and formation of co2(g)
d neutralisation of hc/(aq) with naoh(aq) and formation of h20(i)

7 anenergy cycle is drawn for the following reaction.
br2(l) + 3f2(g) > 2brf;(l)
2br(g) + 6f(g)
o/ a
br,(l!) + 3f,(g) ———————»  2brf,,(i)

the standard enthalpy of formation of brf3(i) = -301 kj mol".
the enthalpy change of brf3(i) to brf3(g) is +44kj mol”.
what is the average bond energy of the br—-f bond in brf3?
a 152kjmol' b 202kjmol' c 304kjmol' d 404kjmot"

8 in which reaction does the greatest change in the oxidation number of sulfur occur’?
a s(s) + o2(g) > so2(g)
b so,(g) + 302(g) =* sos(g)
c so3(g) + h2so,(l) > h2s207(l)
d h2s20,(l) + h2o(l) > 2h2so,(i)

9 the first stage in the chloride process for the manufacture of titanium consists of the following
reaction.
2tio2 + 4clz + 3c > 2ticl, + 2co + coz

what is reduced in this reaction?

a carbon

b_ chlorine

c oxygen

d titanium

10 in aqueous solution, sulfuric acid dissociates as shown.
h,so, > hso, + h* this reaction goes to completion.
hso, = so,7 + ht this reaction reaches equilibrium with constant k,.
analysis of a 2.00moldm~ solution of h2so, found the hso, concentration to be
1.988 mol dm.
what is k,?
a 1.381 x 10°dm*® mol"
b  82.34dm*mol"'
c 1.214 x 10? moldm®
d 7.244 x 10° moldm®

11 an autocatalytic reaction is a reaction in wnicn one of the products catalyses the reaction.
which curve would be obtained if the rate of an autocatalytic reaction is plotted against time?
a b cc d
rate | rate ! rate | , rate ,
0 0 0 0
0 time 0 time 0) time 0) time

12 xand y are two elements in period 3 of the periodic table. they combine to form compound z.
x forms a soluble acidic oxide. the oxidation number of x in this oxide is +4.
y forms an amphoteric oxide.
what is the formula of compound z?
a aip b_ al2s3 c sinps d sis,

13 this question is about two elements in group 2, q and r.
three of the statements shown are correct for metal q.
the one remaining statement is correct for metal r.
which statement applies to r?
a_ a saturated solution of the hydroxide of this metal has the higher ph value.
b_ this metal has a carbonate that is used in agriculture to reduce the acidity of soil.
c_ this metal has the greater atomic radius.
d_ this metal reacts more quickly with cold water.

14 the electronic arrangement for atoms of four elements is given.
which element is the strongest oxidising agent?
a 1s?2s72p°
b 1s72s?2p°3s?
c  1s*2s?2p°3s73p°
d  1s72s72p°3s73p°4s?

15 a student mixes pairs of chemicals together in separate test-tubes.
e excess calcium (s) + water (i)
e barium chloride (aq) + strontium hydroxide (aq)
e calcium carbonate (s) + excess hydrochloric acid (aq)
e magnesium sulfate (aq) + barium nitrate (aq)
how many of the mixtures produce a white, solid product?
a 0 b 1 cc 2 d 3

16 with which compound does concentrated sulfuric acid react both as a strong acid and as an
oxidising agent?
a magnesium carbonate
b_ potassium chloride
c sodium bromide
d © sulfur trioxide

17 ammonia can undergo an acid—base reaction with hydrogen chloride to form ammonium chloride.

which statement is correct?

a the ammonium ion is basic.

b_ the hydrogen atom from hcl donates a lone pair of electrons to the nitrogen atom.

cc the h-n-h bond angle in ammonia is the same as the h-n-h bond angle in the ammonium
ion.

d the h—n-h bond angle in the ammonium ion is the same as the h-c-h bond angle in
methane.

18 what are the trends in the stated properties as group 2 is descended from magnesium to
barium?
decomposition
temperature of the first ionisation energy
carbonate
a decreases increases
b decreases decreases
cc increases increases
d increases decreases

19 sulfur dioxide, so2, reacts with calcium hydroxide in aqueous solution.
what is the main product that is first formed?
a ca(hso,)2 b cas c caso; d caso,

20 structural and stereoisomerism should be considered when answering this question.
compounds x, y and z are shown.
xx ni z
ho ho cl
cl cl oh
how many other isomers of c3h7c1o are there that are alcohols?
a 2 b 3 cc 4 d5

21 two students each make a statement about 2-methylbut-1-ene.
student 1 states that 2-methylbut-1-ene has geometrical isomers.
student 2 states that 2-methylbut-1-ene reacts with hbr in an addition reaction to give
1-bromo-2-methylbutane as the main product.
which students are correct?
a both 1 and 2
b 1 only
c 2only
d_ neither 1 nor 2

22 which statement is correct when referring to the complete combustion of pvc?
a agas is made which contributes to global warming.
b carbon dioxide and water are the only products.
c if water is used to clean the exhaust gases, the water becomes alkaline.
d_ there is no need to treat the exhaust gases as the products are non-hazardous.

23 lodoethane, ch3chzi, reacts with aqueous silver nitrate at 50°c. a precipitate forms during this
reaction.
which row of the table is correct about this reaction?
| | type of organic reaction colour of precipitate
a electrophilic substitution cream
b electrophilic substitution yellow
cc nucleophilic substitution cream
d nucleophilic substitution yellow

24 a student converts 1-iodopropane, c3h7i, into butanoic acid, c;h7co2h, by a two-stage chemical
synthesis.
in the first of the two stages, which reagent is reacted with 1-iodopropane?
a aqueous sodium hydroxide
b_ ethanolic ammonia
c_ ethanolic potassium cyanide
d_ ethanolic sodium hydroxide

25 1-chloro-1-methylcyclohexane is hydrolysed by heating with naoh(aq).
ce ce
+ oh > + cr
cl oh
the reaction pathway is shown.
energy sy
reaction pathway

one carbon atom in 1-chloro-1-methylcyclohexane is bonded to three other carbon atoms.
what is the charge on this carbon atom at point z?
a 1- b 6- c bt d 1+

26 an alcohol with the molecular formula cs5h;20 decolourises warm acidified potassium
manganate(vii). the alcohol also gives a yellow precipitate with alkaline aqueous iodine.
what could be the identity of the alcohol?
a 2-methylbutan-2-ol
b  3-methylbutan-2-ol
c _pentan-1-ol
d_pentan-3-ol

27 which pair of test results would prove that a substance, x, is a ketone?
a xhas no reaction with tollens’ reagent. x reacts with alkaline aqueous iodine.
b_~ xis reduced by lithium aluminium hydride. x is oxidised by acidified dichromate(v1).
c_ xreacts with 2,4-dnph reagent. x has no reaction with fehling’s reagent.
d_ xreacts with hydrogen cyanide. x is reduced by lithium aluminium hydride.

28 carvone is found in spearmint oil.
carvone
: ‘
which product is formed when carvone is reacted with nabh,?
a b cc d
oh o o oh

29 which compound is chiral and reacts with nazcqo3 to give co2?
a b cc d
hco ch, (oh re ch(br)co,h
c hco,ch |
| \ th
c ch,
h~ co,h chs

30 the skeletal formula of compound x is shown.
compound x
ho.
wail ogth,
what is the molecular formula of compound x?
a cioh1go b  cioh290 c ci1h220 d  c14h240

31 nitrogen forms a number of oxides. their enthalpies of formation are given.

ah®[no(g)] = +90 kj mol
ah8[n2o(g)] = +82 kj mol
ah8[no2(g)] = +33 kj mol

which statements are correct?

1 if n2o(g) is oxidised by o2(g) to no2(g), 16 kj is released per mole of n20.

2 the decomposition of n2o0(g) to n2(g) and o2(g) is exothermic.

3. the reaction between no and oxygen is exothermic.

32 which statements are correct?
1. enthalpy of combustion of hz = enthalpy of formation of h20
2 enthalpy of formation of h2 = —(enthalpy of atomisation of h2)
3. enthalpy of solution of hcz = enthalpy of hydration of h* + enthalpy of hydration of cl-
a

33 the units of k, for an equilibrium reaction are mol’ dm”.
what could be the equation for the equilibrium?
1 a(aq) + biaq) = c(s) + d(aq)
2 p(aq) + q(aq) = raq)
3  w(aq) + 2x(aq) = y(aq) + z(aq)

34 methanol, ch3oh, can be produced industrially by reacting co with ho.
co(g) + 2h2(g) == ch3oh(g) ah = -91kj mo!"

the process can be carried out at 4 x 10°kpa and 1150k.

which statements about this reaction are correct?

1. increasing the temperature will increase the rate of reaction because more effective
collisions will occur.

2 lowering the temperature will reduce the rate of reaction because the forward reaction is
exothermic.

3. increasing the pressure will reduce the rate of reaction because there are a larger number of
moles on the left-hand side of the equation.

35 which rows correctly show the relative electrical conductivities of the sets of three period 3
elements?
greatest least
conductivity conductivity
sodium silicon chlorine
aluminium magnesium phosphorus
sulfur silicon phosphorus

36 three test-tubes, x, y and z, each contain water.
e asmall amount of naclis added to test-tube x.
e asmall amount of sicl, is added to test-tube y.
e asmall amount of alc13 is added to test-tube z.
after a short time, two drops of universal indicator solution are added to each test-tube.
which statements can be correct?
1 the ph in test-tube x is 7.
2 ‘the ph in test-tube y is 2.
3 the ph in test-tube z is 2.

37 the structure of compound r is shown.
compound r
o
a aw
o
which statements about compound r are correct?
1 ithas an m, of 116.
2 it contains two groups that show strong absorptions between 1640 and 1740cm" in its
infrared spectrum.

3 its only infrared absorption between 2500 and 3000cm’ is sharp and strong.

38 during the bromination of methane, the free radical ch3* is generated. a possible termination
step of this reaction is the formation of czhg by the combination of two free radicals.
what could be produced in a termination step during the bromination of propane?
1. ch3ch2ch(ch3)ch2ch3
2 chsch(ch3)ch(chs3)2
3) =ch3ch2,ch2ch(chs)2

39 three reactions of primary alcohols are listed.
which reactions give water as one of the products?
1 reaction with ethanoic acid
2 reaction with concentrated hbr
3. passing the alcohol vapour over heated al,03

40 the diagram shows part of the structure of polymer x.
ch, h ch, h ch, h
oe ee

| haga, | hasan, | eer,

which reagents react with polymer x?

1 aqueous sulfuric acid

2 aqueous sodium hydroxide

3 sodium

Solve 9701_w19_qp_12