chemistry

1 the table shows the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons in four different particles, w, x,
y, and z.
[a ||
protons neutrons electrons

ww 32 40 32

x 32 40 34

y 32 42 32

z 34 40 34
which pair represents the atoms of two isotopes of the same element?
a wandy b wandz c xandy d xandz

2 where in the periodic table is the element that has an outer electron shell arrangement of
4s74p°?
[| erou [perea |
a 13 3
b 12 4
cc 15 3
d 15 4

3 substance q is a hydrocarbon. when 1.00g of q is completely burned, 3.22 g of carbon dioxide
is produced.
what could be the identity of q?
a cyclohexene
b_cyclopentane
c_ ethene
d_ pentane

4 originally, chemists thought indium oxide had the formula ino. by experiment they showed that
4.8g of indium combined with 1.0g of oxygen to produce 5.8g of indium oxide. the a, of oxygen
was known to be 16.

which value for the a, of indium is calculated using these data?
a 38 b 77 cc 115 d 154

5 in which substance are the only intermolecular forces temporary dipole-induced dipole
attractions?
a hydrogen chloride
b- methanol
c_ octane
d_ water

6 a solution contains 0.25 of sulfur dioxide in 1.00 dm? of water.
which volume of sulfur dioxide, measured at 50°c and a pressure of 1 x 10°pa, must be added
to 1.00 dm* of water to produce this solution?
a 0.0162cm? =b_ 0.105cm*® c 16.2cm® d 105cm?

8 vo-2clreacts with nal under acidic conditions.
2vo.cl + 2h2so4 + 2nal > vociz + voso, + ip + na2zso,4 + 2h20
the oxidation state of clis —1 in vo.cl and in voc».
which row about this reaction is correct?
[area [ane |
a is oxidised is oxidised
b is oxidised is reduced
cc is reduced is oxidised
d is reduced is reduced

9 in which reaction is water behaving as a bronsted—lowry base?
a h20 + na > naoh + 3h,
b h20 + h3po, — h30* + hpo.
c h,0 + cao -+ ca(oh).
d nhg + [cu(h20)]?* - nh,” + [cu(h20)s(oh)]*

10 a large excess of marble chips is reacted with 25cm” of 1.0 moldm™ hydrochloric acid at 40°c.
how is the result different when the reaction is repeated with 60 cm® of 0.5 moldm~ hydrochloric
acid at 40°c?

a the reaction is faster and more of the products are made when the reaction is complete.
b_ the reaction is faster and less of the products are made when the reaction is complete.
c_ the reaction is slower and more of the products are made when the reaction is complete.
d_ the reaction is slower and less of the products are made when the reaction is complete.

11. the boltzmann distribution curve for a gaseous mixture of ethene and hydrogen is shown. nickel
is an effective catalyst for the reaction that occurs.
number of
particles with
energy, e e, (catalysed) e,
0 1
0 energy, e
how does the diagram appear if the same reaction mixture is at a higher temperature?
a the curve is unchanged.
b_ the values of both e, (catalysed) and e, decrease.
c_ the values of both e, (catalysed) and e, increase.
d_ the values of both e, (catalysed) and e, remain the same.

12 which observations are made when a sample of silicon chloride, sicl,, is added to a beaker of
water?
a_ no visible change is observed.
b steamy fumes and a precipitate are both observed.
c_ the appearance of a precipitate is the only observation.
d_ the appearance of steamy fumes is the only observation.

13 which row is correct?
es
a the first ionisation energy of phosphorus electron is lost from a
is greater than that of magnesium. 3p orbital in both cases
b the melting point of phosphorus phosphorus has more valence
is greater than that of magnesium. electrons than magnesium
cc the atomic radius of phosphorus phosphorus has greater nuclear
is smaller than that of magnesium. charge than magnesium
d the electrical conductivity of phosphorus bonding changes from ionic in
is smaller than that of magnesium. magnesium to covalent in phosphorus

14 which row correctly describes one property of barium and one property of barium oxide?
observation when ph of solution obtained when
barium metal is a spatula measure of bao is
added to water added to 100 cm? of water
a a few gas bubbles 8
form on the metal surface
b a few gas bubbles 13
form on the metal surface
[e rapid effervescence is seen 8
d rapid effervescence is seen 13

19 an anhydrous white salt, z, is heated strongly tor 30 minutes. a mixture of gases is given off. |ne
solid remaining in the test-tube is then dissolved in a small volume of dilute hydrochloric acid. the
addition of a few drops of dilute sulfuric acid to the test-tube causes a white precipitate to form.
which substance could be z?

a __ barium carbonate

b _ barium nitrate

c magnesium carbonate
d magnesium nitrate

16 chlorine gas is reacted with aqueous sodium hydroxide. the oxidation number of chlorine

changes from 0 to —1 and also from 0 to +1.
under which conditions does this reaction occur and what is the colour of the solid silver salt with
chlorine in the oxidation state —1?

a cold, dilute alkali white

b cold, dilute alkali yellow

cc hot, concentrated alkali white

d hot, concentrated alkali yellow

17 when concentrated sulfuric acid reacts with sodium iodide the products include sulfur, iodine,
hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide.
which statement is correct?
a_ hydrogen sulfide is the product of a reduction reaction.
b __lodide ions are stronger oxidising agents than sulfate ions.
c sulfur atoms from the sulfuric acid are both oxidised and reduced.
d_ sulfur atoms from the sulfuric acid are oxidised to make sulfur dioxide.

18 no, noz, co and unburnt hydrocarbons are present in the exhaust gases of internal combustion
engines. when catalytic converters are used to remove these compounds from the exhaust
gases, redox reactions occur.

what happens to each compound in the catalytic converter?
unburnt
no no | c sheela
a oxidised oxidised reduced oxidised
b oxidised oxidised oxidised oxidised
cc reduced reduced oxidised oxidised
d reduced reduced reduced reduced

19 methylamine, ch3nh2, has similar chemical properties to ammonia, nh3. methylamine reacts
with hydrogen chloride to form a white crystalline salt, methylammonium chloride.
ch3nh2 + hcl — ch3nh3°ci-
a sample of methylammonium chloride is heated with aqueous sodium hydroxide.
what are the products?
a ammonia, sodium chloride and water
b ammonia, sodium hydrogencarbonate and sodium chloride
c_ methylamine, hydrogen chloride and water
d_ methylamine, sodium chloride and water

20 the structures of citric acid and isocitric acid are shown.
citric acid isocitric acid
ch,co,h ch,co,h
l cgeeys dean
eves arorscys
how many chiral centres does each acid possess?
[awa [ oot |
a 1 1
b 1 2
cc 0 1
d 0 2

21 how many tertiary alcohols have the molecular formula cgh140?
a 1 b 2 cc 3 d 4

22 ihe diagram snows the structure of a bromo compound that may be formed by the reaction of
bromine with a hydrocarbon.
ion
ih iid
ch,br
which row is correct?
|_| type of reaction
a addition electrophilic
b addition nucleophilic
cc substitution nucleophilic
d substitution free-radical

23 part of the structure of strobilurin is shown. r and r' are inert groups.
strobilurin
0. och,
r'
r7onyy ss
strobilurin is warmed with aqueous sulfuric acid producing compound x. compound x is then
treated with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst producing compound y.
what could be the structure of compound y?
a b
0. oh ho. och,
r' r'
r r
cc d
oh 0. oh
oh oh
r' r'
r r
oh

24 which compound produces a ketone when refluxed with an_ acidified solution of
potassium dichromate(vi)?
a _pentan-1-ol
b  2-methylbutan-1-ol
c 2-methylbutan-2-ol
d  3-methylbutan-2-ol

25 dibromopentanes can undergo ‘double elimination’ reactions to produce hydrocarbons.
2naoh + cshiobr2 > cshg + 2nabr + 2h20
which isomer produces only one hydrocarbon product?
a _1,5-dibromopentane
b_1,4-dibromopentane
c  2,3-dibromopentane
d  2,4-dibromopentane

26 the diagram shows the formation of compound y from compound x in a chemical reaction. r;
and r, are alkyl groups.
¥
ri oh
kcn ie a
xx + hcn -—— cc
ts
r, cn
which row about this reaction is correct?
[mechanism [compound x
a electrophilic addition aldehyde
b electrophilic addition ketone
cc nucleophilic addition ketone
d nucleophilic addition aldehyde

27 in this question you can assume that 'h and °h have the same chemical properties.
a sample of ethanal contains only one isotope of hydrogen, ‘h.
it is reduced to compound z, c2h,o, in a nucleophilic addition reaction using nabhy,. all the
hydrogen atoms in the nabh, are the °h isotope.
nabh,
ch3;cho ——> c2hgo
compound z
compound z is then oxidised back to ethanal and water.
c2heo + [o] — ch3cho + h20
which statement about the final mixture of products is correct?
a both ethanal and water contain °h atoms.
b_ ethanal is the only product containing °h atoms.
c_ neither ethanal nor water contain °h atoms.
d water is the only product containing 3h atoms.

28 ethanedioic acid has the formula ho2cco2h.
what is the formula of aluminium ethanedioate?
a aic204 b al(c20.)s c al2c204 d- al2(c204)3

29 vvhicn reaction gives butanolc acid as one of its products?
a acid hydrolysis of butyl ethanoate
b alkaline hydrolysis of butyl ethanoate
c acid hydrolysis of ethyl butanoate
d alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl butanoate

30 when reactant x is treated with a suitable reagent, products y and z are formed. infrared spectra
of x, y and z are shown.
reactant x
100 > =
® |
1s)
=
8
p yo
n
=
ay
0
4000 3000 2000 1000
wavenumber/cm-'
product y product z
100 100
ad yoowea aa ia
[s) [e)
=
oo oo

31 a sample of 17.15mol hi(g) is in dynamic equilibrium with 2.27 mol h2(g) and 2.84 mol i,(g) ina
volume of 1m* at 764k and 141 kpa.
h2(g) + l(g) = 2hi(g)
two equilibrium constants, k, and kp, can be calculated for this mixture.
which statements about the equilibrium constants for this mixture are correct?
1 neither k, nor k, has any units
2 k,=45.6
3 ke> ky

32 an energy cycle for the combustion of methane is shown.
ah? ch,(9)
ch,(g) + 20.(g) ————————  co,(g) + 2h,o(1)
onc. ve
c(s) + 2h,(g) + 20,(9)
which expressions can be used to calculate the energy change, ah$?
1. ah®ch,(g) + ah®ch,(g)
2 ah®c(s) + 2ah8h,(g)
3  ah®co(g) + 2ah2h,(g)

33 many gases do not obey the general gas equation at high pressures.
why is this?
1 at higher pressures the molecules have more energy.
2  athigher pressures the volume of the molecules is a larger proportion of the total volume.
3. athigher pressures the molecules experience greater intermolecular forces.

34 which species can accept a lone pair of electrons to form a coordinate (dative covalent) bond?
1. bfs
2 h
3. ch;°

35 asample containing xmol of al,cl, is dissolved in water to give solution w.
in order to precipitate all of the aluminium as its hydroxide, ymol of sodium hydroxide are
required.
more of the alkali is added to re-dissolve the precipitate, giving solution z.
which statements are correct?
1 the initial ph of solution w is below 7
2 y=3x
3 zcontains xmol of aluminium

36 nitrogen dioxide gas is produced when petrol is burned in car engines.
which acids are made in the atmosphere as a result of this release of nitrogen dioxide into the
air?
1 hso3
2 h2so,
3 hno;

37 in which reactions is the major product formed by a nucleophilic substitution reaction?
1. bromoethane + potassium cyanide in ethanol
2. bromoethane + ammonia in ethanol under pressure
3 bromoethane + hot concentrated sodium hydroxide in ethanol

38 an excess of p reacts with q, in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, to form r.
effervescence is seen when a piece of sodium is added to pure r.
the structure of p is shown.

p
ry
oh oh
which organic compounds could be compound q?
o

ne

oh
2 \_ 0h
5

o

39 two carbonyl compounds have the molecular formula c3h.o.
which reagents give different observations with these two compounds?
1. acidified aqueous potassium manganate(vi1)
2 ~ fehling’s reagent
3. alkaline aqueous iodine

40 an organic compound, t, does not fizz when aqueous sodium carbonate is added to it.
compound t contains 27.6% by mass of oxygen.
what could be the identity of t?
1 propanal
2 ethyl butanoate
3. 3-methylpentanoic acid

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