chemistry

1. which atom has its outermost electron in an orbital of the shape shown, with principal quantum
number 3?
ce
a sodium
b_ chlorine
c calcium
d_ bromine

2 which atom has the same number of electrons as the hydroxide ion, oh’?
a f b ne c na d mg

3. in separate experiments, 5.0g samples of each of four s-block metals are added to an excess of
water. the gas evolved is collected and its volume measured under the same conditions of
temperature and pressure for each sample.

which metal produces the largest volume of gas?
a calcium

b_ potassium

c_ rubidium

d strontium

4 a student reacts 1mol of copper with concentrated nitric acid to produce 1mol of
copper(ii) nitrate, 2 mol of water and substance x. no other product is formed.
substance x does not contain copper or hydrogen.
what could be substance x?
a no b n20 cc no d no,

5 in which structure are three atoms bonded together in a straight line?
a poly(ethene), -—(ch,ch,—
b_ propane, c3hs
c _ silicon tetrachloride, sicl,
d - sulfur hexafluoride, sf,

6 which statement about aluminium chloride is correct?

a aluminium chloride has a much higher melting point than magnesium chloride due to the
small size of the aluminium ion.

b= anhydrous aluminium chloride reacts vigorously with water to form a solution with a ph
greater than 7.

c_ each al2,cl. molecule found in aluminium chloride vapour contains two coordinate bonds.

d_ the bonding between aluminium and chlorine is strongly ionic due to the large difference in
electronegativity.

7 ‘black powder’ is a mixture of potassium nitrate, carbon and sulfur. the mixture reacts as shown.
4kno3(s) + 7c(s) + s(s) > 3co.(g) + 3co(g) + 2n2(g) + k2s(s) + k2co3(s)
a sealed tube containing black powder has a volume of 10.0cm°. when all of the black powder
reacts, the reaction causes a pressure of 2 x 10°pa and a temperature of 2500 k.
the volume of the kzco3 and k2s produced can be ignored.
how many moles of kno; are contained in the sealed tube?
a 4.81107 b 9.63 x 104 c 1.93 x 10% d 9.63 x 107

8 for which pair is the boiling point of the first compound higher than the boiling point of the
second compound?
a  ch3ch20h and ch3ch2sh
b  ch3co,ch3 and ch3ch2co2h
c ch30ch3 and ch3ch20h
d ch3ch2cho and ch3ch2co2h

9 the equation for an enthalpy change is shown. the enthalpy change is q.
q
2c(s) + 3h2(g) + 3.502(g) ———————> 2co,(g) + 3h20(i)

what is the correct expression to calculate q?

a 2x ah8[co.(g)] — 3 x ah? [h2(g)]

b 3x ah?[h2o(g)] + 2 x ah? [co2(g)]

c 2x ah? [co2(g)] — 3 x ah? [h2(g)]

d 3.x ah?[h,o(i)] + 2 x ah? [co,(g)]

10 areaction pathway diagram for the reaction of aqueous sodium hydroxide and dilute sulfuric acid
is shown.
2naoh + h,so, y
energy
x
na,so, + 2h,o
progress of reaction
what is the value of the enthalpy change of neutralisation, ahneu?
a x b x-y c x p (x=¥)
2 2

11 a student reacts 4mol of ammonia with oxygen to produce an oxide of nitrogen and water only.
each nitrogen atom increases its oxidation state by 5 in the reaction.
how many moles of oxygen gas react with 4 mol of ammonia in this reaction?
a 4mol b 5mol c 7mol d 10mol

12. inthe treatment of domestic water supplies, chlorine is added to water to kill bacteria. some c1o™
ions are formed.
what is the change in oxidation number of chlorine when forming the clo” ion from aqueous
chlorine?
a -1 b o cc #1 d +2

13 ethanoic acid is mixed with ethanol.

the ethanol is contaminated with a small amount of methanol.
the following equilibria are established.

ch3co2h(i) + ch3ch2oh(l) == ch3co2ch2ch;(l) + h2o(i) k, = ky

ch3co2h(i) + ch3oh(l) == ch3co2chs(i) + h2o(i) k, = kg
which statement about the equilibrium mixture is correct?
a only ethyl ethanoate will be formed because there is much more ethanol present than
methanol.
b_ in this mixture ke a a = =a
[ch,co,ch,] k,

c_ adding water to the mixture will alter the mole ratio of the two esters.
d_ adding methyl ethanoate to the mixture will increase the number of moles of ethyl ethanoate.

14 so; is manufactured from so2 and o2 in the contact process.
the reaction is exothermic.
which row shows the effect on the equilibrium yield obtained in the contact process of increasing
the temperature and of adding a vanadium(v) oxide catalyst?
increasing the temperature adding veanadium(v) oxide
as catalyst
a equilibrium yield decreases equilibrium yield increases
b equilibrium yield decreases equilibrium yield unchanged
cc equilibrium yield increases equilibrium yield unchanged
d equilibrium yield increases equilibrium yield increases

15 the boltzmann distribution for a gas at a constant temperature of 50°c is shown.
number of
molecules, n i i \
0 i ' '
0 x y z
molecular energy
if the temperature of the gas is reduced by 10°c, the graph changes shape.
what happens to the values of n for the molecular energies x, y and z?
pf x | vy | zz
a higher lower higher
b higher lower lower
cc lower higher lower
d lower lower lower

16 a3.0g sample of na,co; powder is stirred into 50cm” of 1.0moldm™~ hci. the volume of co,
produced is 600 cm*.
na,co,(s) + 2hcl(aq) — 2nacl(aq) + co.(g) + h2o(l)
[m.: na2co3, 106.0]
which volume of cq, is produced if 1.0g of na2zco3 powder is stirred into 50 cm® of
1.0moldm™ hc/ under the same conditions?
a 600cm* b 452cm° c 226cm* d 200cm?

17 solid sodium iodide reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid to form more than one product that
contains sulfur.
what is the lowest oxidation number of sulfur in these products?
a -2 b o cc +4 d +6

18 which statement for the element in period 3 and group 13 of the periodic table is correct?
a _ithas the highest melting point of the elements in its period.
b_ it has exactly one electron in its shell with principal quantum number 3.
c_ it forms an oxide that reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide.
d_ it forms a chloride that dissolves in water to give a neutral solution.

19 astudent reacts 0.100 mol of each of sodium, magnesium and phosphorus atoms separately with
an excess of oxygen.
which rows are correct?
axite mass of oxide
formed/g

1 sodium 3.10

2 magnesium 4.03

3 phosphorus faq
a 1,2and3 b 1and2only c 1and3only d = 2and3only

20 a mixture contains magnesium carbonate and barium carbonate only. a sample of the mixture is
dissolved in nitric acid to produce a solution.
how could this solution be processed into a magnesium compound and a separate barium
compound?
a add hcl(aq), filter off the solid barium chloride.
b add hcl(aq), filter off the solid magnesium chloride.
c add h,so,(aq), filter off the solid barium sulfate.
d add h2so,(aq), filter off the solid magnesium sulfate.

21 asample of magnesium nitrate is heated in the apparatus shown.
' gas collected
magnesium od
nitrate sp
c trough
{ water
heat
the ph of the solution in the trough is measured.
the gas collected is tested with a glowing splint.
what are the results?
ph of solution .
| in trough splint test
a 8 relights
b 2 relights
cc 8 extinguished
d 2 extinguished

22 ihe results of tests performed on a wnite crystalline solid, x, are given in the table.
x is gently heated x sublimes
x is shaken with h2o0 a colourless solution, y, forms
y is warmed with naoh(aq) a gas is given off

agno;(aq) is added to y a white precipitate, z, forms
z is shaken with nh;(aq) a colourless solution forms

what is the identity of x?

a_ aluminium bromide

bs aluminium chloride

c ammonium bromide

d ammonium chloride

23 silicon is heated in an excess of chlorine, producing compound j.
an excess of water is added to the sample of j produced.
which row is correct?
is hcl produced
structure of j when water is
added to j?

a giant molecular no

b giant molecular yes

cc simple molecular no

d simple molecular yes

24 inacatalytic converter, 5.6 g of carbon monoxide react with an excess of nitrogen monoxide.
what is produced in this reaction?
a 2.4g of c and 6.0g of no2
b  2.4g of c and 9.2g of no2
c 8.8g of coz and 1.4g of no
d 8.8g of co, and 2.8g of no

25 which reaction mixture produces an acidic gas?
a aqueous ammonium nitrate and solid calcium oxide
b_ calcium and aqueous hydrochloric acid
c_ potassium chloride and concentrated sulfuric acid
d sodium oxide and water

26 ethanol can be used to make propanenitrile in two steps.
x y
ch3;ch,0h t——>» ch3;ch,br ———> ch3;ch2cn

what types of reaction are x and y?
a ee ee

a free-radical substitution electrophilic substitution

b free-radical substitution nucleophilic substitution

cc nucleophilic substitution nucleophilic substitution

d nucleophilic substitution electrophilic substitution

27 which compound will react with lia/h, to form two optical isomers?
a ch3ch2coch3
b ch3;ch2,ch,cho
c ch3ch2zcoch2ch3
d ch3ch(ch3)ch2co2h

28 how many esters have the molecular formula c,hg02?
a 2 b 3 cc 4 d 5

29 carbon monoxide, co, nitrogen dioxide, noz, and sulfur dioxide, soz, are all atmospheric
pollutants.
which reaction occurs in the atmosphere?
a cois spontaneously oxidised to cop.
b  nopz is reduced to no by so>.
c  nodz is reduced to no by co.
d  sozis oxidised to so3 by coz.

30 oct-1-ene, chs(ch2)s;ch=chz, can be thermally cracked.
which of the compounds w, x, y and z can be obtained by thermally cracking oct-1-ene?
ww x y z
ch2=ch2 ch3ch=ch2 ch3ch2ch3 ch2=chch=ch2

a w,x,yandz

bw, xand y only

cw, x and z only

d wand x only

31 structural isomerism and stereoisomerism should be taken into account when answering this
question.
how many isomeric alkenes with formula cshs are present in the mixture produced when
1,4-dibromopentane is reacted with naoh in ethanol?
a 1 b 2 cc 3 d 4

32 the presence of a halogen in an organic compound may be detected by warming the organic
compound with aqueous silver nitrate.
which compound would be the quickest to produce a precipitate?
a b cc d
cl f f cl
ae ae l l
cl f i f

33 17.6g of pentan-1-ol is completely combusted.
which volume of gaseous products is formed when measured at s.t.p.?
a 22.4dm* b 24.0dm° c 49.3dm° d 52.8dm°

34 crotyl alcohol, ch3ch=chchz2oh, is a colourless liquid which is used as a solvent.
crotyl alcohol will react separately with brz, kzcr207/h*, conc. kmno,/h* and pcls under
suitable conditions.
which row is correct?
[reactant | eonatons [main rout |
a bro room temperature | ch;ch=chch2br
b k2cr207/h* heat under reflux ch3ch=chcho
cc conc. kmno,/h* heat under reflux ch3ch=chco2h
d pcls room temperature | ch;ch=chch2cl

35 the skeletal formulae of two organic compounds are shown.
are ¢
oh o
which reagents can be used to distinguish these two compounds?
1 alkaline i,(aq)
2 acidified k2cr2o7
3. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-dnph reagent)
a 1,2and3 b 1and3only c 2and3only d 2only

36 a carbonyl compound, x, reacts with hcn in the presence of nacn to make a compound with
m, 85. compound x does not react with fehling’s reagent.
what is compound x?
a __butanal
b_butanone
c _propanal
d_propanone

37 which compound produces butan-2-ol and ethanoic acid on hydrolysis?
a ch3co2ch(chs)2
b  ch3co,ch(ch3)ch2chs
c chsch(ch3)co2ch2chs
d ch3ch2,co2ch(ch3)ch2ch3

38 two 1g samples of y are reacted separately and completely with sodium and with
sodium carbonate. the volumes of the gases produced are collected and measured.
what could y be?
a  ch3ch(oh)ch20h
b  ch3ch(oh)co>h
c ch3coch20oh
d ch3coco3h

39 the diagram shows a section of an addition polymer formed from two different monomers.
pring
one of the monomers is propene.
what is the other monomer?
a b cc d

40 a scientist chooses either infrared spectroscopy or mass spectrometry to find a particular piece of
information.
in which row has the best choice been made?
| | target information analytic method used
a identities of functional groups in an organic compound infrared spectroscopy
b identities of functional groups in an organic compound mass spectrometry
cc values of successive ionisation energies of na infrared spectroscopy
d values of successive ionisation energies of na mass spectrometry

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