chemistry

1 equations involving four enthalpy changes are shown.
na(g) > na*(g) + & ah =w
na(g) > na?*(g) + 2e ah=x
na(s) > na(g) ah =y
na(s) > na’*(g) + 2e ah=z
which equation represents the second ionisation energy of sodium?
a x b x+y-w cc x-w d z-w

2 __ this question refers to isolated gaseous atoms in the ground state.
in which atom are all electrons paired?
a ba b br c ss d si

3 which sample contains the most iodine?
a 1gof cal, b igofkki c 1gofnal d 1igofnh,i

4 when a small sample of hydrocarbon q is completely combusted, it produces 3.52g of
carbon dioxide and 1.44 g of water.
what could be the structure of hydrocarbon q?
a b cc d
co c ) h—cmc—c=0—h ss

5 ethane and ethene are both hydrocarbon molecules.
what is a feature of both molecules?
a aplanar structure
b_ bond angles of 109°
c_ ocovalent bonds
d_ xcovalent bonds

6 elements j and l are both in group 15.
j and l each form a gaseous covalent hydride in which their oxidation number is —3.
in the liquefied forms of these hydrides, significant hydrogen bonding occurs only in the hydride
of l.
which row about j and l could be correct?
| as att”
of j of l configuration

a as n p°

b as n s’p°

cc n as p°

d n as s’p°

7 which gas will behave least like an ideal gas at 150°c and 101 kpa?
a ammonia
b fluorine
c_ krypton
d_ steam
i

8 when an evacuated glass bulb of volume 200cm*’ is filled with a gas at 300k and 101 kpa, the
mass of the bulb increases by 0.68 g. the gas obeys the ideal gas equation.
what is the identity of the gas?
a argon
b_ krypton
c neon
d nitrogen

9 the standard enthalpy of formation of no.(g) is +33.2kj mol”.
the standard enthalpy of formation of n2o,(g) is +9.2kj mol".
what is the standard enthalpy change for the reaction 2no2(g) — n2o,(g)?
a -57.2kjmol*
b -24.0kjmol™
c +42.4kjmol'
d +75.6kjmol"'
ee

10 separate samples of 25.0cm° of 0.1 moldm™~ naqh(aq) are added to each of three different acid
solutions, as described. the temperature of each of the solutions was 298 k before mixing.
f ; concentration volume
sample acid type of acid /moldm-2 fom?
1 h2so, strong 0.05 25.0
2 hcl strong 0.05 25.0
3 ch3co2h weak 0.05 25.0
which statement describes the temperature rises that occur on mixing each of these three acids
separately with naoh?
a_ the temperature rise in all three mixtures is the same.
b_ the temperature rise using h2so,4 and hclis the same.
c_ the temperature rise using ch3co>h is greater than using hcl.
d_ the greatest temperature rise occurs using h2sox,.

11 ncls3 reacts with h2o.
ncl3 + 3h20 — nh3 + 3hc1o
the oxidation state of nitrogen does not change in this reaction.
which statement is correct?
a chlorine is reduced.
b_~ chlorine is oxidised.
c_ hydrogen is both oxidised and reduced.
d_ this is not a redox reaction.

12. in which row do the oxidation numbers of vanadium increase?
| smatest rast |
a vo, vo3;" vo,*
b vo** v203 vo.
c v203 vo** vos
d vo, vo,* vo**

13 asynthesis for methanol is shown.
coz + 3h2 = ch30h + h,0 ah = —49kj mol
which conditions would produce the greatest yield of methanol at equilibrium?
a high 80
b high 20
cc low 80
d low 20

14 hydrogen and iodine can react reversibly to produce hydrogen iodide. the equation is shown.
h2(g) + ig) = 2hi(g)

4.00 mol of hydrogen gas and xmol of iodine vapour are mixed in a sealed container of volume
1.00 dm? at a temperature of 460 k. the system is allowed to reach equilibrium.
the equilibrium mixture contains 2.00 mol of hydrogen iodide. the equilibrium constant, k., for
the reaction at 460 k is 4.0.
what is the value of x?
a 0.50 mol b 1.17 mol c 1.33mol d 2.50mol

15 a large amount of n2o(g) decomposes into nitrogen gas and oxygen gas in the presence of a tiny
amount of a gold foil catalyst.
the gold foil provides a solid surface on which the catalysed reaction takes place.
the graph shows the concentration of n2o(g) against time as it decomposes. the graph is a
straight line.
concentration
of n,o(g)
0
0 time/min 10
which row describes:
e the change in rate of reaction as n2o(g) decomposes from 0 to 10 minutes
e the effect of adding more gold foil catalyst on the rate of decomposition of the same
amount and concentration of n2o(g)?
change in effect of adding more
rate of reaction as gold foil on the
n2o(g) decomposes rate of decomposition
a none increases
b none none
cc decreases increases
d decreases none

16 the haber process for the manufacture of ammonia is represented by the equation shown.
n2(g) + 3h2(g) = 2nh3(g) ah = -92kj mol
which statement is correct about this reaction when the temperature is increased?
a both forward and backward rates increase.
b_ the backward rate only increases.
c_ the forward rate only increases.
d_ there is no effect on the backward or forward rates.

17 nh;,(aq) is added to separate samples of nacl(aq), mgcl.(aq), bacl,(aq) and sic1,(|). under
the conditions of this experiment, only two samples will produce a white precipitate when nh3(aq)
is added.

what are these two samples?
a mgcl,(aq) and bacl,(aq)
b  mgci,(aq) and sic1,(l)

c nacl(aq) and bacl2(aq)

d nacl(aq) and sic1,(i)

18 why is the ionic radius of a sulfide ion larger than the ionic radius of a potassium ion?
a _lonic radius always decreases with increasing atomic number.
b_ positive ions always have smaller radii than negative ions.
c_ the potassium ion has more protons in its nucleus than the sulfide ion.
d_ the sulfide ion is doubly charged; the potassium ion is singly charged.

19 which graph correctly shows relative electronegativity plotted against relative atomic radius for
the elements na, mg, aland si?
a b
si
(o}
al al
electronegativity 2 mg electronegativity mg
® ©
na si na
[) (0) ©
atomic radius atomic radius
cc d
na si
© ©
mg al
electronegativity al = electronegativity 2 m
© 4
si na
0) [)
atomic radius atomic radius

20 the table gives information about calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide.
which row is correct?
‘ ’ calcium hydroxide
calcium carbonate is
: can be manufactured
more soluble in water : :
: ; using calcium carbonate
than calcium hydroxide . :
as a starting material
a no no
b no yes
c yes no
d yes yes

21 qisa group 2 metal.
an excess of qco3(s) is added to h2so,(aq) followed by filtration. a sample of qso, is then
obtained by evaporation of the filtrate.
what could be the identity of q?
a barium, calcium or magnesium
b _ barium or calcium only
c_ calcium only
d_ calcium or magnesium only

22 x, y and zare three elements in group 1/7.
x2 has weaker covalent bonds than y2.
x2 has stronger instantaneous dipole—induced dipole forces between its molecules than zo.
y2 is a stronger oxidising agent than zo.
what could be x, y and z?
pf xy | zz
a br cl i
b cl br i
cc i br cl
d i cl br

23 chlorine reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide forming two chlorine-containing products.
which row shows the oxidation states of chlorine in the products under the conditions stated?
eonditians oxidation state
of clin products
a cold naoh(aq) —1 and +3
b cold naoh(aq) —1 and +5
cc hot naoh(aq) —1 and +3
d hot naoh(aq) -—1 and +5

24 acatalytic converter reduces the amount of pollutants in the fumes from a car exhaust.
which row identifies a pollutant and shows how it is removed by the action of the catalyst?
[potent [cecal remover |

a carbon dioxide reduced to carbon

b carbon monoxide oxidised to carbon dioxide

cc oxides of nitrogen oxidised to nitric acid

d unburnt hydrocarbons oxidised to carbon dioxide and hydrogen

25 solid r is added to a solution of ammonium nitrate and the mixture is heated. a gas is given off
which turns red litmus to blue.
what could be r?
a aluminium chloride
b magnesium chloride
c sodium oxide
d_ phosphorus oxide

26 a skeletal formula is shown.
er
what is the total number of stereoisomers including the one shown?
a 4 b 6 cc 8 d 16

27 the molecular formula ch can represent an anion, a cation or a free radical. species with the
molecular formula ch3 can act as an electrophile, a free radical or a nucleophile depending on
the number of outer shell electrons on the central carbon atom.

how many outer shell electrons on the central carbon atom must be present for ch; to act in
these different ways?
ch; as an ch3 asa ch3 asa
electrophile | free radical nucleophile
a 6 7 8
b 6 8 7
cc 7 6 8
d 8 t 6

28 compound z, c7h:3br, has two chiral centres. a sample of z contains all four possible optical

isomers.
this sample of z reacts with hot ethanolic naoh to produce a mixture of only three isomers. two
of these isomers are optical isomers of each other.
what could be the formula of z?

a b cc d

br

br.
cy ( 7 am br

29 the free-radical substitution reaction between methane and chlorine involves _ initiation,
propagation and termination stages.
which row is correct?
involved in radical produced in
initiation stage a propagation stage
a homolytic fission he
b homolytic fission ch3°
cc heterolytic fission he
d heterolytic fission ch3¢

30 the alkene shown reacts with an excess of hbr via an electrophilic addition reaction.
es
what is the major product formed?
a 3,5-dibromo-2-methylhexane
b 2,5-dibromo-2-methylhexane
c  2,6-dibromo-2-methylhexane
d  3,6-dibromo-2-methylhexane

31 the diagram shows the structures of two halogenoalkanes, p and q.
p q
c,h; c,h;
on, a —b—er
[
both compounds can be hydrolysed.
which row is correct?
| ss, [mene
a p sn1
b p sn2
cc q sn1
d q sn2

32 the structure of coniine is shown.
coniine
our
i
coniine can be synthesised by reacting ammonia with a dibromo compound, x.
xx
nh3 + cghiebr2 > coniine + 2hbr
what is compound x?
a 1,1-dibromo-2-propylcyclopentane
b1,2-dibromo-2-propylcyclopentane
c  br(ch2)3chbr(ch2)3ch3
d  br(chz)4chbr(ch2)2chs

33 primary alcohols can be oxidised to aldehydes using either acidified potassium dichromate(vi) or
acidified potassium manganate(vii). the reaction mixtures change colour as the oxidising agent
is reduced.

what are the colour changes seen?
ae ee ee oe
a green orange purple colourless
b orange green colourless purple
cc orange green purple colourless
d purple colourless orange green

34 which reaction has a product that gives a yellow precipitate when treated with alkaline i2(aq)?
a 2-chloropropane is warmed with a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.
b_ ethanal is heated under reflux with acidified potassium dichromate(v1).
c_ methyl ethanoate is heated under reflux with dilute sulfuric acid.
d_ propanal is reacted with nabh,, followed by dilute sulfuric acid.

35 the skeletal formula of m is shown.
m
ce) oh
m is reacted with an excess of liaih,. dilute acid is then added.
what is the molecular formula of the final organic product?
a csheos5 b  cs5h1004 c cs5h1003 d  cs5h1203

36 which compound forms a precipitate when mixed with 2,4-dnph reagent and also forms a
precipitate when mixed with fehling’s reagent?
a b cc d
oo
o

37 which reaction is a redox reaction?
a ethanenitrile heated under reflux with dilute hydrochloric acid
b_ ethanoic acid reacted with aqueous sodium hydroxide
c_ ethanoic acid reacted with sodium
d_ ethyl ethanoate heated under reflux with dilute hydrochloric acid

38 ethyl butanoate is a flavouring, with a fruity flavour.
which row is correct?
alcohol and acid that react the mass of water formed
to form ethyl butanoate when 2.32g of ester is formed
o
a itestlle and ~~oh 0.36g
oh
o
8 ak and “oh 0.409
oh
oo
c pe and on 0.369
oh
[e)
d a and non 0.40g
oh

39 cyclohexene, as shown in the diagram, can form an addition polymer.
cyclohexene
which structure represents a section of the polymer?

a b

cc d

40 three organic compounds are listed.
1 ethanal
2 propan-1-ol
3. propan-2-ol
which compounds will have a mass spectrum that contains a fragment peak at m/e = 43?
a 1only b 1dand2only c 2and3only d 1,2and3

Solve 9701_s22_qp_12