economics

1. xy is the production possibility curve (ppc) of a firm that produces desks and chairs.
x
5 1
output of chairs eel ane 4 i an
perday 4p
a et
0 ' ' i 1 ¥
0 1 2 3 4 5
output of desks
per day
what are the opportunity costs of the 4th and 5th desks produced by the firm?
opportunity cost opportunity cost
of 4th desk of 5th desk
a 1 chair 3 chairs
b 2 chairs 5 chairs
cc 3 chairs 0 chairs
d 4 chairs 5 chairs

2 a government proposes to introduce a road congestion charge which would require private
motorists to pay a toll for road use.
which statement relating to the proposal is normative?
a_ bus passengers will benefit at the expense of motorists.
b motorists with higher incomes will be prepared to pay the charge in return for reduced
journey times.
c_ motorists with lower incomes will not be able to afford to use the roads.
d_ the proposal will be unfair to motorists who have no alternative means of transport.

3 a firm changes the type of product it produces.
what might limit the firm’s ability to use division of labour?
a the new production method is more capital intensive.
b_ the new production method is very expensive.
c_ the new product is made to specific customer requirements.
d_ the new product requires specialised labour.

4 a group of tourists become stranded on a desert island. they decide to use their own system of
money.
which statement about their choice of money is correct?
a_ coins in their possession would be suitable if there are enough of them.
b_ fruit fallen from trees would be suitable because it has intrinsic value as a food.
c_ pebbles from the seashore would be suitable because they are both durable and plentiful.
d seaweed would be suitable as it is in unlimited supply around the coast.

5 what is likely to affect the position of the demand curve for tickets to pop concerts but not the
position of the supply curve?
a_ achange in incomes of potential customers
b- achange in price of tickets to the concerts
c achange in rents charged by venue owners
d_ achange in seating capacity of concert venues

6 the number of passenger journeys per week by train on a route is shown by the demand curve in
the diagram.
fare
($)
v
bippeeeeeseeeeness
'u
i d
[e) r ss
number of
journeys per week
initially the fare is op, but it is then reduced by pw.
which area measures the amount spent on the extra journeys resulting from the lower fare?
a vut b pwtv c vrst durst

8 when the supply of a good decreases, equilibrium price stays the same.
what is the price elasticity of demand of the good?
a -1
b= zero
cc +1
d infinite

10 the diagrams show some information about oil.
world oil production brent crude oil price
97.5 150
alee of 95.0 $ per barrel
arrels per day 100
92.5
90.0
50
87.5
85.0 0
2013 «2014 = 2015 2013 «2014 =. 2015
which diagram represents the change in the oil market between 2013 and 2015?
a b
price sao1s price saore
soo13 soois
d d
o quantity a quantity
cc d
ss soois
price price soois
dyo13 doo1s
doors dao13
o quantity a quantity

11. in which set of circumstances will prices play no part in determining how resources are allocated
between alternative uses but may still have a role as a rationing mechanism?
a_ the government sets maximum prices for all goods above their market clearing price.
b_ the government sets minimum wages for all workers below the market rates of pay.
c_ the quantities of consumer goods produced are determined by the government.
d_ the total income consumers have available to spend is fixed by the government.

12 what is necessary for consumer surplus to be zero?
a demand is perfectly elastic.
b demand is perfectly inelastic.
c supply is perfectly elastic.
d_ supply is perfectly inelastic.

13 a local government decides to issue a card for residents that gives a 50% reduction on entry
prices for visits to local museums. the diagram shows the demand curve for a resident who
currently makes 3 museum visits.

price
($)
2
1
0 3. 5
demand for
museum visits
what would be the change in the resident’s consumer surplus when the card is issued?
a w b x+y cc y d y+z

14 the demand and supply functions for a product are quantity demanded = 1500 + sop and
quantity supplied = 300p — 2000 where p = price. with government regulation, the current price
in the market is $15.

what can be concluded about the form of price regulation and the balance of demand and supply
in the market?
| form of price regulation balance of demand and supply

a effective maximum price excess demand

b effective maximum price excess supply

cc effective minimum price excess demand

d effective minimum price excess supply

15 which element of a tax and benefits system is regressive?
a_ rent subsidies to tenants of publicly owned housing
b _ specific taxes on beer and tobacco
c_ the payment of child benefits to families
d the taxation of capital gains

16 a government decides to encourage apple consumption as a report states that eating apples is
good for health. it subsidises apple growers.
the diagram shows the market for apples.
: s,
price
p, a. nnn 4
i ss
a qa q
quantity
of apples
what would the subsidy need to be to change the market equilibrium quantity from q, to q2?
a op, b_ p,p. c p,p3 d p.p3

17 what is not a transfer payment?
a benefit payments by governments to families who have children
b_ disability benefits paid to soldiers who were injured while on military service
c_ loans made by a government to students who are studying at university
d payments by a firm to compensate employees for undertaking dangerous work

18 a government allows one firm to go out of business, takes over a second firm, and encourages a
foreign government to invest heavily in a third firm.
which government action has occurred?
[| rationatsaton | petition |
a wf wf key
b v x ¥ = occurred
cc x v x = not occurred
d x x

19 what is both a valid statement and consistent with the features of the diagram?
as
price
level
ad
e real output

a as cannot be increased beyond some level of real output.
b consumption is a component of ad and is lower when the general level of prices is lower.
c_ investment is a component of as and is independent of the general level of prices.
d_ the greater the demand for a country’s exports, the lower will be ad.

20 the average consumer divides his expenditure between food, clothing, accommodation and
transport in the ratio 2:1:4:3.
during the course of a year, the price of food falls by 2%, the price of clothing increases by 4%,
the price of accommodation increases by 10% and the price of transport remains constant.
assuming that the weights of a price index reflect the expenditure of the average consumer, what
is the increase in the index over the year?
a 2.5% b 4% c 10% d 12%

21 the table shows an extract from a country's current account of its balance of payments accounts.
export of goods g
export of services 204 465
total exports of goods and services 611275
import of goods 417006
import of services 126 369
total imports of goods and services 543 375
trade in goods -110196
trade in services h
total trade in goods and services —32 100
what is the value of export of goods, g, and what is the value of the balance of trade in
services, h?
export of goods, g trade in services, h
$ million $ million
a 306 810 78096
b 306 810 142296
cc 715740 78096
d 715740 142296

22 in june 2016 the uk voted to leave the european union. the table shows what happened to the
value of the pound sterling before and after the vote.
the uk is a major trading nation.
what is likely to be the short-term impact of the changes in the value of the pound sterling on the
uk economy?
a _ increased disinflation
b _ increase in cost-push inflation
c more purchasing power of money
d_ reduced demand-pull inflation

23 to what does the j curve effect directly relate?
a balance of payment effects caused by exchange rate changes
b_ exchange rate effects caused by balance of payment changes
c_ import expenditure effects caused by tariff changes
d trade creation effects caused by comparative advantage changes

24 the terms of trade for the major oil exporting country of saudi arabia fell from 223 in 2013 to 205
in 2014.
what could be a likely cause of this fall?
a _afall in the amount of oil exported by saudi arabia
ba fall in the amount of oil produced by saudi arabia
c a fall in the price of saudi arabian oil exports
d_ anappreciation of the saudi arabian currency

25 a particular good in the barbados market could be supplied by domestic producers, or producers
in trinidad and tobago, or producers in the united states (us), at the prices shown in us
dollars.

origin of production
barbados $1.00
trinidad and tobago | $0.85
us $0.75
originally, barbados had a 20% ad valorem duty on imports from trinidad and tobago and the
us.
barbados then formed a customs union with trinidad and tobago, with a common external tariff,
also of 20%.
from which countries would barbados import the good, before the formation of the customs
union and after the formation of the customs union?
[eee ater]
a neither trinidad and tobago
b neither us
cc us trinidad and tobago
d us us

26 what would reduce an economy’s protection against the import of cars?
a ahigher quota of imported cars
b= ahigher subsidy for domestic car producers
ca higher tariff on imported cars
da lower exchange rate

27 a country takes no part in international trade and its domestic market price is py. the country
decides to engage in free trade and the market price rises to the world price (pw).
price sa
py 1 1 py
x ty
py [see i
| “dg
ie) ;
quantity
what happens to consumer surplus and producer surplus when the economy engages in free
trade?
a_ domestic consumers gain z only.
b domestic consumers lose x + y.
c domestic producers gain z only.
d domestic producers lose x + y + z.

28 a government increases the basic rate of income tax to finance additional spending on
apprenticeships and training.
which types of macroeconomic policy are being used?
fiscal policy monetary supply side
policy policy

a jv v jv key

b v v x jv = used

cc v x v x = not used

d x v v

29 if an economy experiences a persistent balance of trade deficit, it may choose to place tariffs on
imports of manufactured goods.
when might the use of tariffs solve a balance of trade deficit in the long term?
a when an economy imports a sustainable amount of raw materials
b_ when an economy is experiencing a high rate of inflation
c_ when the demand for imports is inelastic
d_ when the supply of domestically produced goods is elastic

30 bulgaria’s consumer price index changed at an annual rate of —2.2% in april 2016. in may the
annual rate of change was —1.4%.
what fiscal policy and monetary policy would be most appropriate in the short run to restore price
stability?
fiscal policy monetary policy

a decrease government spending decrease interest rates

b decrease taxes increase rate of interest

cc increase government spending decrease interest rates

d increase taxes increase rate of interest

Solve 9708_s18_qp_13