economics

1 india is failing to reach its full economic potential because of poor rail, road and electricity
infrastructure, and a lack of skilled civil engineers.
which factors of production need to be increased?
a capital and land
b_ enterprise and capital
c labour and capital
d land and enterprise

2 the fundamental economic question is how to meet unlimited wants with limited resources.
what is an example of limited resources?
a _ insufficient consumer goods in the local shops
b _ insufficient jobs to allow full employment
c _ insufficient machinery to produce electrical goods
d _ insufficient tax revenue to finance building a school

3 which statement is not a positive economic statement?
a_ anincrease in the rate of income tax decreases the wish to save.
b_ anincrease in the rate of income tax has a greater impact the greater the level of income.
c_ anincrease in the rate of income tax causes more hours of work to be supplied.
d_ anincrease in the rate of income tax is the fairest way to finance the national health service.

4 the diagram shows a production possibility curve (ppc). it indicates the combinations of
consumer goods and capital goods produced by an economy using all its available resources.
50
units of
consumer 40 °x
goods
30
20
ppc
10
o 4 2 3 4 «5
units of capital goods
what does position x indicate?
a alower ratio of capital to consumer goods is necessary to achieve economic growth
b increasing levels of unemployment
c insufficient factors of production are available
d_ too many consumer goods are causing a fall in economic growth

5 the tariff on indian goods entering the us falls from 10% to 5%.
what will be the most likely effect on the producer and consumer surplus in the us?
us producer us consumer

surplus surplus

a decrease increase

b decrease no change

cc increase increase

d increase no change

6 the diagram shows the demand for, and supply of, carrots.
. ss
price
p, x
d
[e) quantity
what is true at price p;?
a there will be a shortage of carrots.
b_ there will be a surplus of carrots.
c_ there will be an increase in the sale of carrots.
d_ there will be market clearing of carrots.

8 howis the market supply of a product in a competitive market obtained?
a by aggregating the supply of all firms producing the product
b by averaging the supply of all firms producing the product
c_bycalculating the supply of the typical firm producing the product
d by estimating the supply of the largest firm producing the product

9 the diagram shows the demand curve for luxury cars.
- xy
nn ».
d2
oo quantity

the shift in the demand curve d, to d2 can be explained by
a adecrease in air travel.
b_anincrease in advertising by luxury car manufacturers.
c_anincrease in income.
d_anincrease in the price of petrol.

10 what is cross elasticity of demand?
a the responsiveness of price of good x due to a change in demand of good y
b_ the responsiveness of quantity demanded of a good due to a change in its price
c_ the responsiveness of quantity demanded of good x due to a change in quantity of good y
d_ the responsiveness of quantity demanded of good x due to a change in the price of good y

11. consumers receive an increase in their incomes.
which circumstances will cause the quantity of the product sold to increase the most?
nature of the product ailes glastchy or
p supply of the product
a inferior good price elastic
b inferior good price inelastic
cc normal good price elastic
d normal good price inelastic

12 an unstable disequilibrium is when a market does not return to an original equilibrium point trom
a disequilibrium position. the diagram shows a market with two equilibrium points.
po/qo is the original market equilibrium.

at which price is the market in an unstable disequilibrium?
ss
a sses io sr ion sr or tina gs
price
b so a eo
co heereeeseeeenel
pq se

d

0 qo quantity

13 the table shows the quantity of a product supplied at two different prices by four firms, a, b, c
and d.
which firm has a price elasticity of supply equal to 1 when the price falls from $10 to $8?
price of product ($)
po |e
a 500 300
b 500 350
cc 500 400
d 500 450

14 to improve its financial position a government decided to reduce expenditure on investment in
the public sector. despite this, there was not a fall in economic growth.
what was the most likely effect of the government's action?
a_ an original budget deficit was reduced.
b_ an original budget surplus was reduced.
c consumer expenditure decreased.
d_ public sector productivity decreased.

15 an economy has a 20% housing shortage. the government builds 10% more houses for poorer
families and fixes the rent below the equilibrium for the market.
which effect will this direct provision have on the market?
a agreater imbalance in the market in private housing will develop.
b_ housing waiting lists for poorer families will be cleared.
c_ the supply of government housing will fall short of demand.
d_ the supply of private housing for rent will fall by 10%.

16 which statement about nationalised and privatised industries is correct’?
a a privatised industry is usually less competitive than a nationalised industry.
b_ aprofitable private company cannot be nationalised.
c_ privatisation is a form of monetary policy.
d privatisation is a way of raising money for the government.

17. what is not true about subsidies?
a they are paid to firms.
b_ they have to be paid back.
c_ they reduce the cost of production.
d_ they shift the supply curve to the right.

18 what is unlikely to occur with an increase in the provision of public goods?
a consumer non-excludability
b_ improved use of resources
c_ opportunity cost
d_ reduction in tax

19 the diagram shows aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves for an economy.

general as

price

level %

"iy. ad
“ad,
5 national output

what would cause a change in the aggregate demand from ad to ad,?
a adecrease in the budget surplus
b_ consumption of domestic instead of foreign goods
c government campaigns to encourage household savings
d_ investment in knowledge-based enterprises

20 what would cause a shift in the short-run aggregate supply curve but not the long-run aggregate
supply curve?
a advances in technology
b- achange in the money wage rate
c emigration of people of working age
d gross investment exceeding depreciation

21 which effect of inflation is described as redistributive?
a_ the improvement in the terms of trade
b_ the increased reluctance of people to hold money
c the inconvenience of frequently changing prices
d_ the loss of purchasing power of people on fixed incomes

22 in which situation will a country’s terms of trade worsen?
a the prices of its imports rise by more than the prices of its exports.
b_ the total value of external payments rises by more than the total value of external receipts.
c_ the value of its imports rises by more than the value of its exports.
d_ the volume of its imports rises by more than the volume of its exports.

23 industrialised countries x and y trade with each other. country x imposes a general tariff of 20%
on imports from country y.
in which circumstances would the imposition of the tariff be unfavourable to country x?
a _ if country x is seeking to protect its infant industries
b _ if country x lacks the capacity to produce import substitutes
c_ if imports from country y have been dumped in country x
dif imports of manufactured goods from country y are price elastic

24 the diagram shows aggregate supply and aggregate demand curves for an economy.
general sras,
price
level sras,

4
ad,
ad,
e real output

what would cause a movement from x to y?
a adecrease in income tax and in the cost of production
b  adecrease in interest rates and increase in the cost of production
c_anincrease in income tax and in the cost of production
d_anincrease in interest rates and decrease in the cost of production

25 the table shows changes in the population, price level and gross domestic product (gdp) of a
country.
population (millions) 50 55
consumer price index 100 120
nominal gdp (§ billions) 400 480
what happened to real gdp and real gdp per head between year 1 and year 2?
real gdp real gdp
per head
a no change fell
b no change rose
cc rose fell
d rose rose

26 the table shows selected balances from a country’s balance of payments account in 2016.
ai
billions
trade in goods -30
trade in services +10
primary income balance +10
secondary income balance -8
capital & financial flow +15
what was the country’s current account balance in 2016?
a_ -$3 billion b_ -$10 billion c -$18 billion d -$20 billion

27 what does the marshall-lerner condition state must be present for a depreciation of a currency to

cause an improvement in the current account balance?

a_ the price elasticity of demand for exports and the price elasticity of demand for imports are
both greater than one.

b_ the price elasticity of demand for exports and the price elasticity of demand for imports are
both less than one.

c_ the sum of the price elasticity of demand for exports and the price elasticity of demand for
imports is greater than one.

d_ the sum of the price elasticity of demand for exports and the price elasticity of demand for
imports is less than one.

28 what is most likely to be increased by a policy of increased direct taxes and lower government
spending?
a the balance of payments deficit
b__ the budget deficit
c the rate of inflation
d the level of unemployment

29 to encourage people to work, a government increases the minimum income level at which
people start to pay income tax.
which types of macroeconomic policy are being followed here?
fiscal monetary supply side
policy policy policy
a v x v
b x v v
cc v v v
d v v x

30 acountry with low unemployment and a managed floating exchange rate has a persistent current
account deficit on its balance of payments.
which policy to reduce this deficit is most likely to keep unemployment low, but cause inflation?
a depreciating its currency
b higher direct taxation
c higher import tariffs
d higher interest rates

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