economics

1 the diagram shows a production possibility curve.
good x sy,
(2)
good y
what can be deduced from the shape of this curve?
a decreasing marginal returns to consumption
b_ decreasing opportunity costs of consumption
c_ increasing opportunity costs of production
d increasing returns to scale

2 which statement is correct?
a _ private goods are both non-rival and non-excludable.
b_ private goods are only provided by the private sector.
c_ public goods are both non-rival and non-excludable.
d_ public goods do not incur opportunity costs.

3. below are two statements.
1 arise in the price of rice is the best way to give farmers in south-east asia higher
living standards.
2 arise in the price of rice will lead to a fall in demand.
which row correctly describes these two statements?
pp fot 2
a normative normative
b normative positive
cc positive normative
d positive positive

4 what is a characteristic of money but not a function of money?
a medium of exchange
b portability
c standard of deferred payment
d - store of value

5 in the uk, attempts to encourage people to change from road to rail travel by the introduction of a
system of road pricing were forecast to have little effect because ‘people like using their cars too
much’.

how would this forecast be explained?

a the price elasticity of demand for cars is high.

b_ the price elasticity of demand for petrol is high.

c_ the price elasticity of demand for rail travel is low.
d_ the price elasticity of demand for car travel is low.

6 the diagram shows the demand curve for a product with unitary price elasticity.
: le
d
0 quantity
what will happen with such a curve?
a a fallin price will bring about an increase in total expenditure on the product.
b.a fall in price will bring about an increase in sales but a fall in total expenditure on the
product.
c_ as the price rises, total expenditure on the product will stay the same.
d_ as the price rises, total expenditure on the product will rise and then fall.

7 the diagram shows the market supply and demand for a good.
price $ supply
9 quantity
which area represents producer surplus?
a s+t+t bt c u d u+v

8 vanilla is an important ingredient in the production of ice cream. between 2011 and 2018 the
price of vanilla increased from about us$100 per kg to nearly us$600 per kg. the diagram
shows the market demand for and supply of ice cream. the original equilibrium is x.

which point illustrates the effect of this price rise on the market for ice cream?
s,
price of
ice cream d
c . si
.
a x d,
ax _|
1 d,
| d,
(6)
quantity of
ice cream

9 a government reduces income tax but at the same time raises the rate of sales tax (vat).
what are the likely effects on the demand and supply of a normal good?
| eemana—[sunoy
a decreases decreases
b decreases increases
cc increases decreases
d increases increases

10 an increase in the popularity of air conditioning units has resulted in their price increasing by
20%. in response to this the quantity supplied increased by 30%.
what can be concluded from this?
a price elasticity of supply = 0
b price elasticity of supply < 1
c price elasticity of supply = 1
d price elasticity of supply > 1

11. which change does not have an immediate effect on the position of the demand curve for a
product?
a _afallin the price of a complementary product
b-arange of new products entering the market
c_ arise in the labour costs of its production
d_anincrease in the price of a substitute product

12 when demand for a good falls, its price falls.
what is the function of the price fall?
a to eliminate shortages
b_ to reduce consumer surplus
c_tosend a signal to producers
d_ to stimulate a further fall in demand

13 a firm estimates that the price elasticity of supply of its product is 0.4.
should the firm be concerned by this figure?
a_ no, as it implies that the firm will be able to raise revenue by raising price.
b_ no, as it suggests there are few substitutes for the product.
c_ yes, as it means that demand for its product is increasing at a slow rate.
d_ yes, as it shows that the firm is not able to adjust supply easily when demand changes.

14 agovernment decides to privatise a state-owned company.
what should the government do to try to ensure that this will result in an improvement in
efficiency?
a allocate vouchers to all citizens entitling them to a share in the ownership of the company
b encourage competition
c_ impose a maximum profit margin
d_ increase business tax rates

15 the graph shows an individual's income before and after the deduction of income tax.
a
. 17500 serica tacts
income ls |
after tax l
(8) 10000-+---------7
0 ' i
0 10000 20000
income
before tax
($)
what is the marginal percentage rate of tax between $0 and $10000, and between $10000 and
$20 000?
| | $0-$10 000 $10 000-$20 000
a 0% 12.5%
b 0% 25.0%
cc 1% 12.5%
d 1% 25.0%

16 in year 1, in the market for a good represented in the diagram, the initial demand and supply
conditions are shown by d, and s;, and the government has set a maximum price of op2.
price
s;
pippees ca ee
on
7 ao d,
p| 1 dye |
o q, q q, q, q; quantity
in year 2, demand increases to dz, but there are no other changes to the conditions of supply or
to the maximum price.
which row accurately shows the price and quantity in the market in each year?
a op2 oq, op, oq,
b op2 oq3 op2 oqs
cc op3 oq2 op, oq,
d op3 oq2 op2 oq3

17 what is necessary for an action to be classed as a transfer payment?
a it must include a cash payment.
blt must involve a banking transaction.
c_ it must originate from government activity.
d_ it must relate to a non-productive activity.

18 the market for good x is in equilibrium. the government introduces a subsidy to the producers of
good x.
under which conditions will the total expenditure by the government on the subsidy be the
greatest?
price elasticity of price elasticity of
demand for good x supply for good x
a <1 <1
b <1 >1
cc >1 <1
d >1 >1

19 under wnicn combination of circumstances will a policy of increasing the money supply be
most effective at moving an economy out of recession?
[| eeumsiance one | —oustanco wo |
a depreciating exchange rate global financial crisis
b high nominal interest rates appreciating exchange rate
cc low aggregate demand inflation rate above the target level
d low nominal interest rates no spare capacity available

20 in which economic context is the term ‘protectionism’ usually applied?
a the protection of consumers against excessive prices
b_ the protection of employees against exploitation by multinational companies
c the protection of local producers against foreign competitors
d the protection of the foreign exchange rate against currency speculators

21 what is most likely to cause a rise in a country’s exchange rate?
a afall in its direct taxes
b a fall in its export orders
c arise in its interest rates
d arise in its imports

22 the table shows an approximate summary of the current account of the balance of payments for
thailand.
bank of thailand
current account
(millions of us dollars)
1 | exports 18990
2 | imports 18715
3 | trade balance 275
4 net services, primary income 41130
and secondary income
what is the current account balance, in millions of us dollars?
a -855 b 1405 c 1680 d 39110

23 the diagram shows the production possibility curves for two economies using all resources.
country x can produce 10 million cars or 20 million bicycles and country y can produce 20 million
cars or 40 million bicycles.

cars 20
(millions)
10
ry
0 20 40
bicycles
(millions)
which statement is correct about country x and country y according to the theory of comparative
advantage?
a country x and country y would not gain from free trade.
b country x has a lower opportunity cost ratio in producing cars and bicycles than country y.
c country x has an absolute advantage over country y in the production of both goods.
d_ country y will have a faster rate of economic growth than country x.

24 acountry has a balance of payments deficit. it devalues its currency.
which combination leads to a reduction in its balance of payments deficit in the long run?
price elasticity of price elasticity of
demand for exports demand for imports

a less than 0.5 less than 0.5

b less than 1 zero (0)

cc more than 0.5 more than 0.5

d zero (0) less than 1

25 the diagram shows aggregate demand curves ad, and ad» and an aggregate supply curve as,.
as,
price
level
ad,
ad,
9 real output

what could cause the shift in the aggregate demand curve from ad, to ad2?
a arise in the interest rates
b_ arise in output per worker
c arise in the budget deficit
d_ arise in the value of the exchange rate

26 the government of an open economy with an overvalued currency decides to abandon its fixed
exchange rate in favour of a floating exchange rate.
which macroeconomic policy aim is least likely to be met because of this change?
a_ alow inflation rate
b~ alow level of unemployment
c  areduced balance of payments deficit
d_ asustainable rate of economic growth

27 devaluation always has the effect of
a decreasing the price of imports.
b_ decreasing the value of imports.
c_ worsening the balance of payments.
d_ worsening the terms of trade.

28 a government uses monetary policy and fiscal policy to solve a problem of deflation.
which policy combination is likely to be the most successful?
| | monetary policy fiscal policy
a | increasing interest rates contractionary
b | increasing interest rates expansionary
cc reducing interest rates contractionary
d reducing interest rates expansionary

29 a government reduces its expenditure on workplace training, increases the level of indirect taxes,
and reduces the rate of interest it pays on government debt.
how would these government macroeconomic policies be categorised?
|_| supply-side
a con con exp key
b exp con con con = contractionary
cc con exp exp exp = expansionary
d exp exp con

30 what represents the total of aggregate demand in a closed economy?
a cti+g
b c+i+g+x
c c+i+g+(x-m)
d c-(s+t)

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