physics

1 asstudent creates a table to show reasonable estimates of some physical quantities.
which row is not a reasonable estimate?
event vate
a current in a fan heater 12a
b mass of an adult person 70kg
cc speed of an olympic sprint runner 10ms"
d water pressure at the bottom of a garden pond 10°pa

2 a particle travels in a straight line with speed v.
the particle slows down and changes direction. the new speed of the particle is z :
the new velocity has a component of m in the same direction as the initial path of the particle.
through which angle has the particle turned?
a 27° b 30° c 45° d 60°

3. the speed v of a liquid leaving a tube depends on the change in pressure ap and the density p of
the liquid. the speed is given by the equation
v= (ae)
p
where k is a constant that has no units.
what is the value of n?
& 2 b 1 e 4 d 2
2 2

4 the values of displacement, velocity and acceleration of a vehicle can be deduced from graphs
representing its motion. often the areas under these graphs, or the gradients of the graphs, are
used.

what would not give a value for a displacement, a velocity or an acceleration?
a area under a velocity-time graph

bs gradient of a displacement-time graph

c gradient of a velocity-time graph

d gradient of an acceleration-time graph

5 a ball is released from rest above a hard, horizontal surface. the graph shows how the velocity of
the bouncing ball varies with time.
at which point on the graph does the ball reach its maximum height after the first bounce?
velocity
d
a

° cc

0 time

| b

6 a ball is kicked upwards at an angle of 45° to horizontal ground. after a short flight, the ball
returns to the ground.
it may be assumed that air resistance is negligible.
what is never zero during the flight of the ball?
a the horizontal component of the ball’s acceleration
b the horizontal component of the ball’s velocity
c the vertical component of the ball’s momentum
d the vertical component of the ball’s velocity

7 the mass of a rocket-propelled truck is approximately equal to the mass of the fuel in its tank.
the fuel is ignited and the truck is propelled along horizontal tracks by a constant force. the
effect of air resistance is negligible.

during a test run the fuel is consumed at a constant rate.

which statement describes the acceleration of the truck during the test run?

a_ the acceleration of the truck decreases as the fuel is consumed.

b_ the acceleration of the truck increases as the fuel is consumed.

c_ the acceleration of the truck remains constant.

d_ the acceleration of the truck is zero and the truck moves at a constant velocity.

8 an object is dropped at time t = 0 from a high building. air resistance is significant.
three graphs are plotted against time.
the height of the object above the ground
the speed of the object
the magnitude of the resultant force on the object
| [tv
0
0 time
| [mn
0
0 time
| aa
0
0 time
what are the quantities x, y and z?
. ’ magnitude of
helghior the obleet speed of the object | the resultant force
above the ground 4
on the object
a x y z
b x z y
cc ¥ z x
d z y x

9 a student attempts to find the density o of aluminium by taking measurements of a rectangular
sheet.
mass m= 51.6 +0.1g
length 1= 100.0 +0.1cm
width w = 10.0 +0.1cm
thickness t= 0.20 + 0.01mm
he uses the equation p = a to calculate the density.
what is the calculated value of density with its uncertainty?
a 0.26+0.01gcm*
b 0.26+0.02gcm°
c 26+0.1gcm°
d 2.6+0.2gcm*

10 the graph shows how the momentum of a motorcycle changes with time.
boo) [assesses
momentum
/kgms“'
% 10
time/s
what is the resultant force on the motorcycle?
a 500n b 5000n c 25000n d 50000n

11 a particle with mass and charge is moving from left to right in a uniform gravitational field and a
uniform electric field. the gravitational field is downwards. the gravitational force and the electric
force on this particle act in opposite directions.

what could be the sign of the charge on the particle and the direction of the electric field?
sian at charge direction of
9 9 electric field
a negative down
b negative up
[e positive left
d positive right

12 asphere is acted upon by various forces, all of the same magnitude.
which system of forces provides a resultant torque but zero resultant force on the sphere?
a b cc d

13 a uniform horizontal footbridge is 12m long and weighs 4000n. it rests on two supports x and y

as shown.

j 12m :

| 4m ; |

support support

xx y
a man of weight 600 n is a distance of 4m from support x.
what is the upward force on the footbridge from support x?
a 2200n b  2300n c 2400n d 2600n

14 a metal block has a mass of 750g. 60% of the mass is magnesium and the remainder is copper.
the density of magnesium is 1.7 gcm™.
the density of copper is 9.0gcm™*.
what is the density of the block?
a 2.5gcm° b 4.6gcm? c 54gcm? d 10.7gcm*

15 aman climbs slowly at a steady speed to the top of a ladder.
what is the main energy transfer taking place for the man as he climbs?
a_ chemical potential to gravitational potential
b_ chemical potential to kinetic
c_ kinetic to gravitational potential
d_ thermal (heat) to kinetic

16 during an interval of time, fuel supplies energy x to a car.
some of this energy is converted into kinetic energy as the car accelerates.
the rest of the energy y is lost as thermal energy.
what is the efficiency of the car?
a ss b yy c x~* d a

17 a railway engine accelerates a train of total mass 800 tonnes (1 tonne = 1000 kg) from rest to a
speed of 50ms”.
how much useful work must be done on the train to reach this speed?
a 1.0x10°j b 2.0x 10° c 1.0 10°j d 2.0x10°j

18 a mass is raised vertically. in time f, the increase in its gravitational potential energy is e, and the
increase in its kinetic energy is ex.
what is the average power input to the mass?
ey e, e+ ex
a (e,-&,)t b (e> + e,)t cc — d —f

19 water flows from a lake into a turbine that is a vertical distance of 90m below the lake, as shown.
lake
90m
the mass flow rate of the water is 2400kg min“. the turbine has an efficiency of 75%.
what is the output power of the turbine?
a 26kw b 35kw c 1.6mw d 2.1mw

20 a wire of diameter d and length i hangs vertically from a fixed point. the wire is extended by
hanging a mass m on its end. the young modulus of the wire is e. the acceleration of free fall
is g.
which equation is used to determine the extension x of the wire?
a x= ml b x= mol c x= 4mgl d x= 4mgl
nd?e nd?e nde nd?e

21 the variation of the compression of a spring with the force applied to it is shown in the graph.
8.0 reo
ptt ttt rrr yy rrr yyy tr a
: ec cee eee eee eee eee eer tr |
compression eec
fom 4.0-feeeeeeeeee eee eee heh
eccee eee eeeee eee eee
ecc eee ec ccee eee eee
on a a a a, ac
8.0-feeeeceeeee eee eee
eccece cece eee eer |
id i i a
ecceee eee eee eee]
2.0-feeeeeee pee eee eee
et a ii a a ll ia il a ea a ll
ia a
ta a a
1.0 ferre
ecoae eee cce eee eee}
poze ce eee cee ere ere eee]
dz cee ece eee eee reer}
(0) °c reseessesessoss ele lss s
0 20 40 60 8.0 10.0
force/n
a block slides along a horizontal frictionless surface towards the spring, as shown.
spring
block
——
the block is brought to rest by the spring. when the spring reaches a compression of 4.0.cm, all
of the kinetic energy of the block is transferred to the elastic potential energy of the spring.
what is the kinetic energy of the block when it first makes contact with the spring?
a 0.16j b 0.32j cc 16j d 32j

22 a longitudinal wave travels through a long spring. the spring is shown at one instant.
what is the wavelength of the wave?
spring
—
—— i t '
b
| cc
d

23 asound wave has a frequency of 2500 hz and a speed of 1500ms™".
what is the shortest distance from a point of maximum pressure in the wave to a point of
minimum pressure?
a 0.15m b 0.30m c 0.60m d 1.20m

24 asound wave is displayed on the screen of a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) as shown.
py} tt | yt
in| | izint i
ply} py |
pt rita taiy
bene
pt et tt |

—
1cm

the time-base of the c.r.o. is set at 2.5mscm™.

what is the frequency of the sound wave?

a 50hz b  100hz c 200hz d 400hz

a a

25 a car travelling in a straight line at a speed of 30ms_ passes near a stationary observer while
sounding its horn. the true frequency of sound from the horn is 400 hz.
the speed of sound in air is 336ms".
what is the change in the frequency of the sound heard by the observer as the car passes?
a 39hz b 66hz c 72hz d 78hz

26 vvnich list shows electromagnetic waves in order of increasing frequency?
a_ radio waves > gamma rays —> ultraviolet > infra-red
b_ radio waves — infra-red — ultraviolet + gamma rays
c_ ultraviolet > gamma rays > radio waves — infra-red
d ultraviolet > infra-red > radio waves > gamma rays

27 the diagram shows a steel wire clamped at one end. the other end is attached to a weight
hanging over a pulley.
ea weight
fixed stand _ vibrator fixed support
a vibrator is attached to the wire near the clamped end. a stationary wave with one loop is
produced. the frequency of the vibrator is f.
which frequency should be used to produce a stationary wave with two loops?
a = bf e if d 4f
4 2

28 a parallel beam of light of wavelength 600 nm is incident normally on a diffraction grating. the
grating has 300 lines per millimetre.
what is the total number of intensity maxima from the grating?
a 1 b 3 c 11 d 13

29 a pattern of interference fringes is produced using a red laser, a double slit and a screen. the
screen is 3.5m from the double slit. the light from the laser has a wavelength of 640 nm.
the pattern of fringes is shown.
noida roroeoeo4 not to
ee femme
what is the separation of the slits?
a 1.2x10¢m b 1.6x10*m c 314x10°m d 3.3x10°%m

30 the diagram shows two points p and q which lie 90° apart on a circle of radius r.
a positive point charge at the centre of the circle creates an electric field of magnitude e at both p
and q.
p
» |
which expression gives the work done in moving a unit positive charge from p to q?
a 0 b exr c ex (2) d ex (nr)

31 the diagram shows two parallel horizontal metal plates. the top plate is positively charged and
the bottom plate is earthed.
ae” ae +
liquid dro}
- nin
a small charged liquid drop, midway between the plates, is held in equilibrium by the combination
of its weight and the electric force acting on it.
the acceleration of free fall is g and the electric field strength is e.
what is the polarity of the charge on the drop, and the ratio of charge to mass of the drop?
f charge
| pant
a negative e
g
b negative g
e
cc positive a
g
d positive g
e

32 the diagram shows the symbol for a wire carrying a current j.
i
—

what does this current represent?

a the charge flowing past a point in the wire per unit time

b_ the number of electrons flowing past a point in the wire per unit time

c_ the number of positive ions flowing past a point in the wire per unit time

d_ the number of protons flowing past a point in the wire per unit time

i

33 which values of current and resistance will produce a rate of energy transfer of 16js °?
| eanenva [resistance |
a 1 4
b z 8
cc 4 1
d 16 1

34 which component has the j-v graph shown?
0
2 v
a filament lamp
b_ metallic conductor at constant temperature
c_ resistor of fixed resistance
d semiconductor diode

35 the circuit shown includes a cell of constant internal resistance and an external resistor r.
a
—|{___ +>
a student records the ammeter and voltmeter readings. she then connects a second identical
external resistor in parallel with the first external resistor.
what happens to the ammeter reading and to the voltmeter reading?
a decreases decreases
b decreases stays the same
cc increases decreases
d increases stays the same

36 a computer is used to detect the change of position of a switch.
to detect the change of position, the computer requires a potential difference (p.d.) of ov to its
input at one switch position and a p.d. of between 5v and 7 v at the other switch position.
for each of the circuits, assume the battery has negligible internal resistance.
which circuit provides an input voltage to the computer that enables it to detect the change of
position of the switch?
a b
1kq 1kq
ov ov tt
computer computer
1kq input 2kq input
voltage voltage
cc d
2kq 5002
ov of 5002 ov 2kq
computer computer
input input
voltage voltage

37 in the circuit shown, the battery and ammeter have negligible resistance.
12v
a “6
the following combinations of resistors are each separately placed between the terminals x and
y of the circuit.
which combination would give an ammeter reading of 8a?
a b
20 10
19 20
cc d
20
10 20 r_4
fo.
ld

38 the table lists the nucleon number and the proton number of various nuclei. the nuclei are
represented by the letters l to t.
‘moon | cere | oe
nucleus
number number
l 227 89
m 226 89
n 225 89
(@) 227 90
p 226 90
q 225 90
r 227 91
ss 226 91
t 225 91
which row in the following table correctly shows three nuclei of the same element, and three
nuclei that have the same number of neutrons?
same number
same element
of neutrons
a lmn rpn
b mps rst
cc opq mps
d rpn opq

39 a radioactive nucleus is formed by b decay. this nucleus then decays by a-emission.
which graph of nucleon number wn plotted against proton number z shows the b decay followed
by the a-emission?

a b
236 236
n n
234 234
232 232
230 230
88 90 92 94 88 90 92 94
z z
cc d
236 236
: oo | de
234 234
2am
vs =r
230 230
88 90 92 94 88 90 92 94
z zz

40 what are the structures of the proton and of the neutron in terms of quarks?
oa ea
a 1 1 2 2
b 4 2 2 4
cc 2 1 1 2
d 2 2 1 1

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