physics

1. how many cubic nanometres, nm, are in a cubic micrometre, um??
a 10° b_ 10° cc 10° d 10”

2 [he maximum theoretical power p of a wind turbine is given by the equation
p=kpav"
where p is the density of air, a is the area swept by the turbine blades, v is the speed of the air
and k is a constant with no units.
what is the value of n?
a 1 b 2 cc 3 d 4

3 what is the horizontal component of the force shown?
l n
pan. noacsmmsemnenr oizon bell
a 12n b 16n c 20n d 27n

4 a school has a piece of aluminium that it uses for radioactivity experiments. its thickness is
marked as 3.2mm. a student decides to check this value. he has vernier calipers which give
measurements to 0.1mm and a micrometer which gives measurements to 0.01 mm.

which statement must be correct?

a_ the micrometer gives a more accurate measurement.

b the micrometer gives a more precise measurement.

c_ the vernier calipers give a more accurate measurement.
d_ the vernier calipers give a more precise measurement.

5 four possible sources of error in a series of measurements are listed.
1 an analogue meter whose scale is read from different angles
2 ameter which always measures 5% too high
3 ameter with a needle that is not frictionless, so the needle sometimes sticks slightly
4 ameter with a zero error
which errors are random and which are systematic?
[random enor [systematic enor |
a 1 and 2 3 and 4
b 1 and 3 2 and 4
cc 2 and 4 1 and 3
d 3 and 4 1 and 2

6 a football falls from the top of a tall building.
which graph best represents the way in which the distance x fallen varies with time t?
a b cc d
a \% lz va
0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 f

8 aman stands in a lift that is accelerating vertically downwards, as shown.
lift
acceleration
which statement describes the force exerted by the man on the floor?
a itis equal to the weight of the man.
b_itis greater than the force exerted by the floor on the man.
c_ itis less than the force exerted by the floor on the man.
d_itis less than the weight of the man.

9 a snooker ball of mass 200g hits the cushion of a snooker table at right-angles with a speed of
14.0ms".
the ball rebounds with half of its initial soeed. the ball is in contact with the cushion for 0.60s.
velocity velocity
14.0ms" cushion 7.0ms"
—————— <j}—_—___—_——_
ball of
mass 200g
before after

what is the average force exerted on the ball by the cushion?
a 2.3n b 7.0n c 2300n d 7000n

10 two railway trucks of masses m and 3m move towards each other in opposite directions with
speeds 2v and v respectively. these trucks collide and stick together.
what is the speed of the trucks after the collision?
vv vv 5v
a z b 5 cc ov d “a

11 astone is projected horizontally ina vacuum and moves along the path shown.
path of stone
h
xx
t

vv
x is a point on this path. xv and xh are vertical and horizontal lines respectively through x. xt is
the tangent to the path at x.
along which directions do forces act on the stone at x?
a xv and xh b_ xv only c xhonly d_= xt only

12 two forces, each of magnitude f, act along the edges of a rectangular metal plate, as shown.
+, f
b
f
the plate has length a and width b.
what is the torque about point p?
a fa b fb c 2fa d 2fb

13 a solid sphere falls at constant (terminal) velocity in a liquid. the three forces acting on the
sphere are shown in the diagram.
upthrust u
drag d
not to scale
weight w
how are the three forces related?
a w+d=u
b w>u+d
c w-u=d
d w<d+u

14 a thin horizontal plate of area 0.036 m* is beneath the surface of a liquid of density 930kgm™~.
the force on one side of the plate due to the pressure of the liquid is 290 n.
what is the depth of the plate beneath the surface of the liquid?
a 0.88m b 1.1m cc 1.8m d 87m

19 a dall is thrown vertically upwards. air resistance is negligible.

which statement is correct?

a by the principle of conservation of energy, the total energy of the ball is constant throughout
its motion.

b_ by the principle of conservation of momentum, the momentum of the ball is constant
throughout its motion.

c_ the kinetic energy of the ball is greatest at the greatest height attained.

d_ the potential energy of the ball increases at a constant rate during its ascent.

16 a car of total mass 1560kg is travelling with a constant speed of 32ms™'. the driving force
provided by the car is 680n. the kinetic energy of the car is 800kj and its momentum is
50 000ns.
which two items of data could be used to calculate the useful power output of the car?
a driving force and momentum
b_ kinetic energy and mass
c mass and momentum
d_ speed and driving force

17. a horizontal cylinder of cross-sectional area a is fitted with a frictionless piston and contains air at
pressure p. it is immersed in hot water and the length of the air column increases from x to y. the
pressure p is constant.

water water
air at air at
pressure pressure
p p
+, - 5 —_—_ “rr
piston y piston
which equation represents the work done by the trapped air during this process?
a pay b —-pay c pa(y-x) d -pa(y-x)

18 a trolley rolls along a horizontal surface and then travels up a slope before reaching a second
horizontal surface. the slope is of length l. the trolley has mass m. the slope is at an angle a to
the horizontal surface. the second horizontal surface is at height h above the first surface.

l
m h
assume negligible frictional forces. the acceleration of free fall is known.
in order to determine the minimum initial velocity of the trolley for it to reach the top of the slope,
which additional values are needed?
a handm b m,landh c a,l,m d_ honly

19 the diagram shows an arrangement used to find the output power of an electric motor.
the wheel attached to the motor’s axle has a circumference of 0.5m and the belt which passes
over it is stationary when the weights have the values shown.
ee
motor
sn ~\
z wheel
c)
kj 20n
belt
ep
=] 50n
=
when the wheel is making 20 revolutions per second, what is the output power of the motor?
a 300w b 500w cc 600w d 700w

20 a sample of metal is subjected to a force which increases to a maximum value and then
decreases back to zero. a force-extension graph for the sample is shown.
force
id
xx
0
0 extension
when the sample contracts, it follows the same force-extension curve as when it was being
stretched.
what is the behaviour of the metal between x and y?
a both elastic and plastic
b not elastic and not plastic
c plastic but not elastic
d elastic but not plastic

21 a load is hung from the end of a metal wire. the load is increased and the wire stretches
elastically. the table shows the length of the wire for different loads.
0 500.0
1.0 502.0
2.0 504.0
3.0 506.0
4.0 508.0
when the load is 4.0 kn, what is the strain energy stored in the wire?
a 16j b 32j c 1.0kjd d 2.0kj

22 the graph shows how the displacement of a particle in a wave varies with time.
nen
fin py
0
i] | at it
al iinze tan
-2
which statement is correct?
a the wave has a period of 2s and could be either transverse or longitudinal.
b_ the wave has a period of 2s and must be transverse.
c_ the wave has a period of 4s and could be either transverse or longitudinal.
d_ the wave has a period of 4s and must be transverse.

23 awave travels along a coiled spring.
the graph shows the variation with time of the displacement of a point on the spring.
displacement
awawawe

0 or 0.3 9.4

| time/s
what is the frequency of the wave?
a 0.13hz b 0.20hz c 5.0hz d 7.5hz

24 an electrical signal is displayed on a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.0.).

pt tt tt ey
vin | vin |
| | ala | avy
pte tt tt yt

the time-base setting is 50 ms div”.

the y-gain setting is 2v div".

what is the amplitude of the signal?

a 2v b 4v cc 5v d 10v

25 a source of sound of frequency f at point z is moving at a steady speed. the pattern of the
emitted wavefronts is shown.
\
which row describes the frequencies of the sound heard by stationary observers at x and y?
frequency frequency
heard at x heard at y
a <f <f
b <f >f
cc >f <f
d >f >f

26 a car travelling at a steady speed in a straight line passes close to a stationary observer. the
observer measures the frequency of the sound from the engine.
as the car approaches, the observed frequency is 220hz. when the car moves away, the
observed frequency is 180 hz.
the speed of sound in air is 340ms“.
what is the speed of the car?
a 85ms‘ b 31ms" c 34ms* d 38ms"'

2/ which trequency of electromagnetic radiation could be ultraviolet?
a 1.0 x 10°hz
b 1.0 x 10°hz
c 1.0x10"hz
d 1.0 x 10° hz

28 an electromagnetic wave travels in a straight line through a vacuum. the wave has a frequency
of 6.0 thz.
what is the number of wavelengths in a distance of 1.0m along the wave?
a 5.0x 10° b 2.0x 10' c 2.0104 d 5.0x 10’

29 a beam of laser light is directed towards a narrow slit.
cross-section panel
of beam of light
slit
after emerging from the other side of the slit, the light then falls on a screen.
what is the pattern of light seen on the screen?
a b c d

30 the diagrams show four pairs of waves. in each case the displacement y measured at a fixed
point is plotted against time ¢.
which pair of waves is not coherent?
! f f \ f
a | |
y | |
dpdpasa
! f f \ tf
b
¥
\ / \ a na na \ ft
it
c |
vi | |
| ee
it
d :
y |
ple ve vy] ple ve ve it

31 the diagram shows the electric field near a positively charged sphere and a negatively charged
sphere.
four electrons a, b, c and d are shown at different positions in the field.
on which electron is the direction of the force on the electron shown correctly?
° can
: _

32 lightning can occur between a charged cloud and the earth’s surface when the electric field
strength in the intervening atmosphere reaches 25knc~'. the diagram shows the electric field
between the base of a cloud and the earth’s surface.

base of cloud
2.0km
= = fe = = + + + z zi =
earth’s surface
what is the minimum potential difference between the earth and the base of a cloud, 2.0km high,
for lightning to occur?
a 12.5mv b 25mv c 5o0mv d 100mv

33 the number density of conduction electrons in copper is 8.0 x 107m.
what is the average drift speed of electrons in a copper wire of diameter 0.42mm when the
current in the wire is 0.57 a?
a 8.0x10"'ms™
b 3.2x10ms"
c 8.0x10°ms™
d 3.2x10*ms"

34 asimple circuit comprises a source of electromotive force (e.m.f.) connected to a load.
how does the output power p of the source depend on the internal resistance r of the source and
the resistance r of the load?
a pis independent of both rand r.
b  pdepends on r but not on r.
c pdepends on r but not on r.
d pdepends on both rand r.

35 an ideal diode has zero resistance when forward biased and infinite resistance when reverse
biased. the diode is connected in series with a 2q resistor across the terminals of a source
having electromotive force (e.m.f.) 3v and internal resistance 1©, as shown.

3v! |
10) | y)
| :
a high-resistance voltmeter is connected across the diode and resistor.
which row gives the readings of the voltmeter for the two ways of connecting the diode?
forward reverse
biased biased
a 1v 3v
b 2v ov
cc 2v 3v
d 3v ov

36 two cells, each with electromotive force (e.m.f.) e, but different internal resistances r, and rh, are
connected in series to a resistor r. the reading on the voltmeter is ov.
4 | | fa
r
what is the resistance of r?
nh
a 0 b h-5 cgc rg d +h

37 three identical cells each have electromotive force (e.m.f.) e and negligible internal resistance.
the cells are connected to three identical resistors, each of resistance r, as shown.
7 r
f al
e
r
r
e
what is the potential difference between p and q?
a 0 b a cc | de
3 3

38 in each arrangement of resistors, the ammeter has a resistance of 2q.
which arrangement gives the largest reading on the ammeter when the same potential difference
is applied between points p and q?
a b
10
19 22 [|
eo oe
p q p cl q
202
cc d
10
= [
toor fo:
-— p | “ | a
20 lt
20

39 each option shows the number of neutrons, protons and electrons in two atoms, some of which

are ionised.
which pair of atoms in the table are isotopes of the same element?
[newton [proton | atecron_ |

a 20 20 17 19 20 20

b 28 28 23 24 23 24

cc 34 36 29 29 29 28

d 40 42 32 31 32 32

40 which combination of up (u) and down (d) quarks forms a proton?
a uuu b uud c udd d ddd

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