physics

1 the radius of the earth is approximately 6.4 x 10°m, and the radius of the moon is approximately
1.7 x 10°m. a student wishes to build a scale model of the solar system in the classroom, using
a football of radius 0.12 m to represent the earth.
which object would best represent the moon?
a basketball
b_cherry
c golf ball
d tennis ball

2 when a beam of light is incident on a surface, it delivers energy to the surface. the intensity of
the beam is defined as the energy delivered per unit area per unit time.
what is the unit of intensity, expressed in si base units?
a kgm?’s* b_ kgm’s? c kgs? d kgs®
<n = 7 mmm mmm mma mamma) | amma a | mmm amma | mmmmaa mmm

3. asship is travelling with a velocity of 8.0kmh™ in a direction 30° east of north.
what are the components of the ship’s velocity in the east and north directions?
component of velocity | component of velocity
in east direction in north direction
/kmh" /kmh"
a 4.0 4.0
b 4.0 6.9
cc 4.6 6.9
d 6.9 4.0

4 amicrometer screw gauge is used to measure the diameter of a copper wire.
the reading with the wire in position is shown in diagram 1. the wire is removed and the jaws of
the micrometer are closed. the new reading is shown in diagram 2.
diagram 1 diagram 2
what is the diameter of the wire?
a 1.90mm b 2.45mm c 2.59mm d 2.73mm

5 adigital meter has an accuracy of +1%.
the meter is used to measure the current in an electrical circuit.
the reading on the meter varies between 3.04a and 3.08a.
what is the value of the current, with its uncertainty?
a (3.06 +0.02)a
b_ (3.06 +0.04)a
c (3.06+0.05)a
d = (3.06+0.07)a

6 a tennis ball is thrown horizontally in air from the top of a tall building.
the effect of air resistance is not negligible.
what happens to the horizontal and to the vertical components of the ball’s velocity?
[ee | ra
of velocity of velocity
a constant constant
b constant increases at a constant rate
cc decreases to zero increases at a constant rate
d decreases to zero increases to a maximum value

7 water is pumped through a hose-pipe at a rate of 90kg per minute. water emerges horizontally
from the hose-pipe with a speed of 20ms™.
what is the minimum force required from a person holding the hose-pipe to prevent it moving
backwards?
a 30n b 270n c 1800n d 108000n

8 a ball of mass m is thrown vertically into the air. when the ball has speed v, the air resistance
acting on the ball is f.
what is the magnitude of the acceleration of the ball when its speed is v as it rises and as it falls?
acceleration when acceleration when
ball is rising ball is falling
a g- fal g- im
m m
b g - f g + pal
m m
cc g + if. g- f.
m m
d gt i aad gt hat
m m

9 whatis a statement of the principle of conservation of momentum?
a_ a force is equal to the rate of change of momentum of the body upon which it acts.
b_ ina perfectly elastic collision, the relative momentum of the bodies before impact is equal to
their relative momentum after impact.
c the momentum of a body is the product of the mass of the body and its velocity.
d_ the total momentum of a system of interacting bodies remains constant, providing no
resultant external force acts on the system.

10 acharged particle is placed in a uniform field of force. the direction of the force on the particle is
opposite to the direction of the field.
what is the field and what is the charge on the particle?
|| fies | charge on particle
a electric negative
b electric positive
cc gravitational negative
d gravitational positive

11 a uniform rod of length 200cm is freely pivoted at point p. the rod is held horizontally in
equilibrium by a 60n weight that is attached to the rod by a string passing over a frictionless
pulley.

frictionless
; 40cm |; uniform rod (°} pulley
————
' ; 30°
p 200cm
$y, _ j —_§— fe weight
60n
what is the weight of the rod?
a 30n b 60n c 80n d 140n

12 a ladder rests in equilibrium on rough ground against a rough wall.
p
rough
wall
q
rough ground
the weight w of the ladder acts through the centre of gravity g. forces also act on the ladder at
p and at q. these forces are p and q respectively.
which vector triangle represents the forces on the ladder?
a b c d
p. p p p
ww ww
/ \ ww i \ q

13 a vertical tube, closed at one end, is immersed in water. a column of air is trapped inside the
tube.
water surface
20.0cm
water 1

30.0cm air

30.0cm vertical tube
the density of water is 1000 kgm’.
what is the difference between the pressure of the air in the tube and the atmospheric pressure?
a 1960pa b 2940pa c 4910pa d 7850pa

14 a rocket is fired upwards.
as it accelerates upwards after leaving the launch pad, which forms of energy are changing?
a_ chemical energy, gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy
b_ chemical energy and gravitational potential energy only
c_ chemical energy and kinetic energy only
d gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy only

15 amass mis on top of a platform that is supported by gas in a cylinder of cross-sectional area a,

as shown.

mass m
[ "| platform
hy
gas

the platform has negligible mass and can move freely up and down.

the gas is heated and expands so that the mass is raised through a height h. atmospheric

pressure is p.

what is the ratio gain in gravitational potential energy of the mass 2

work done by the gas
a mg b mg (e pa d mg — pa
pa mg+pa mg mg

16 an 8.00n weight is attached to the lower end of a spring which is fixed at its upper end. the
weight is initially held at rest at position x and the spring is unstretched. the weight is then
released and falls to position y, which is 4.00cm below x. the weight oscillates and then
eventually comes to rest at o, which is 2.00cm below x.

x 4 sioad
2.00 on
8.00n 4.00cm _1_mo
le ig 8.00n
8.00n
spring position after final position after
unstretched initial drop many oscillations
how much energy is lost from the system?
a 0.04j b 0.08j c 0.16j d 0.32j

17 the force resisting the motion of a car is proportional to the square of the car’s speed. the
magnitude of the force at a speed of 20.0ms" is 800n.
what useful output power is required from the car’s engine to maintain a steady speed of
40.0ms'?
a 32kw b 64kw c 128kw d 512kw

18 two wires x and y are made from the same material. wire y has twice the diameter and
experiences twice the tension of wire x. the wires obey hooke’s law and have the same original
length.

wire x wire y
diameter d diameter 2d
tension t
tension 2t

wire x has extension e.

what is the extension of wire y?

a @ b & ce d 2e

4 2

19 what is represented by the gradient of a graph of force (vertical axis) against extension
(horizontal axis) for a wire obeying hooke’s law?
a elastic limit
b _ spring constant
c sstress
d young modulus

20 forces are applied to the ends of a rod so that its length increases. the variation with load l of
the extension e of the rod is shown.
e
p
0
0 l
the point p is the elastic limit.
which shaded area represents the work done during the plastic deformation of the rod?
a b
e 4 ef ty
p p
0 : 0
0 e 0 ie
c d
ef yy e '
leone |
0 0 ' '
0 b 0 l

21 the graph shows the variation of a quantity p with a quantity q for a sound wave travelling in air.
p
0
0 q
what could p and q be?

a amplitude intensity

b frequency wavelength

cc speed frequency

d wavelength period

22 a vibration generator produces a progressive wave on a rope. the diagram shows the rope at
one instant. the wave travels at a speed of 4.0ms™.
rope 4.0ms"
a al
6 \o27 oh j os \ fs
what are the wavelength and the frequency of the wave?
wavelength frequency
/m /hz
a 0.13 15
b 0.13 30
cc 0.27 15
d 0.27 30

23 the diagram shows the waveform of a signal displayed on a cathode-ray oscilloscope.
bane ane ean
pv inv tpn | 7
fat ala | nia
yi | int | int ti
the time-base is set at 5.0ms per division.
the y-gain is set at 5.0mv per division.
what are the amplitude and the frequency of the signal?
amplitude frequency
/mv /hz
a 10 50
b 10 100
cc 20 50
d 20 100

24 a jet aircraft travels at a speed of 0.8v where v is the speed of sound. the aircraft approaches a
stationary observer. the frequency of sound emitted by the aircraft is 100 hz.
which frequency does the observer hear?
a 56hz b 180hz c 400hz d 500hz

25 a telescope detects and analyses some electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 2cm.
which type of telescope is it?
a microwave telescope
b_ optical telescope
c_ radio telescope
d x-ray telescope

26 what may be used to produce stationary waves?
a __ blowing air over the top of an empty bottle
b~ making a loud sound near a mountain
c_ passing monochromatic light through a double slit
d passing water waves through a narrow slit

27 what is an example of the diffraction of a wave?
a laser light travelling along an optic fibre
b light waves forming images on a cinema screen
c_ microwaves passing the edge of a metal plate
d_ sound waves diverging as they pass through air

28 when the light from two lamps falls on a screen, no interference pattern can be obtained.
why is this?
a the lamps are not point sources.
b_ the lamps emit light of different amplitudes.
c_ the light from the lamps is not coherent.
d_ the light from the lamps is white.

29 a beam of light consists of two wavelengths of 436nm and 694nm. a diffraction grating of
5.00 x 10° lines m™ produces a diffraction pattern in which the second order of one of these
wavelengths occurs at the same angle @as the third order of the other wavelength.

overlapping orders
= fc _—
what is the angle 6?
a 19.1° b 25.8° c 40.8° d = 78.8°

30 which diagram shows the electric field lines surrounding an isolated negative point charge?
a b cc d

31 a beam of electrons is directed into an electric field and is deflected by it.
diagram 1 represents an electric field in the plane of the paper.
diagram 2 represents an electric field directed perpendicular to the plane of the paper.
the lines a, b, c and d represent possible paths of the electron beam. all paths are in the plane
of the paper.
which line best represents the path of the electrons inside the field?
diagram 1 diagram 2
a b cc d

32 acharged particle of charge q and mass mm is initially at rest in a uniform electric field. the field is
produced by parallel metal plates separated by a distance d and having a potential difference v
between them.

what is an expression for the acceleration of the charged particle?
a ind b mv cc ad d wv
qv qd mv md

33. when there is a current of 5.0a in a copper wire, the average drift velocity of the free electrons is
8.0x10*ms".
what is the average drift velocity in a different copper wire that has twice the diameter and a
current of 10.0a?
a 40x10‘ms'
b 8.0x10‘*ms"
cc 1.6x10%ms™
d 3.2x10°ms"

34 what is equivalent to one volt?
a_ one coulomb per second
bone joule per coulomb
cone joule per second
done joule second per coulomb squared

35 the diagram shows a rectangular block with dimensions x, 2x and 3x.
top face p
2x
3x
q
r 2 mnt
ee? r
:
\ bottom face p
electrical contact can be made to the block between opposite pairs of faces (for example,
between the faces labelled r).
which statement describing the electrical resistance of the block is correct?
a itis maximum between the faces labelled p.
b_ it is maximum between the faces labelled q.
c_ it is maximum between the faces labelled r.
d_ it is the same, whichever pair of faces is used.

36 a battery, with internal resistance, is connected to a parallel arrangement of two resistors and a
switch s, as shown.
, i [or ;
f [|
switch
ss
initially switch s is open.
what happens to the voltmeter and ammeter readings when switch s is closed?
a decreases increases
b decreases decreases
cc increases increases
d increases decreases

37 a battery is connected to a network of six resistors, as shown.
1.2v 2.2v
= =—_—_
[| [|
| i vv | .2v
/ fs | r
the potential differences across five of the resistors are labelled on the diagram.
what is the potential difference across resistor r?
a 44v b 4.6v c 6.6v d 11.2v

38 the diagram shows a battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 6v, connected in series with a
resistor and a uniform resistance wire rq of length 60 cm.
the resistance of rq is equal to the resistance of the resistor.
6v
r l q
=—_—_—————_-_—
oo
xx y
terminal x is connected to fixed point r. terminal y is connected to point p, a connection that
may be made at any position along the wire. l is the distance between r and p.
which graph shows the variation with l of the potential difference (p.d.) v across xy?
a b
6 6
viv viv
0 0
0 60 0 60
licm licm
cc d
6 6
viv viv
0 0
0 60 0 60
l/icm licm

39 anucleus emits a b' particle.

what is the change to the proton number and to the nucleon number of the nucleus?

[| etn umber | puteon number
a -1 +1
b 0 -1
cc +1 -1
d +1 0

aaa aaa

40 how many up quarks and how many down quarks are in a nucleus of the nuclide ;,cl?
([epauars [down ats
a 54 60
b 54 57
cc 57 54
d 60 51

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