physics

1. for which quantity is the magnitude a reasonable estimate?
a frequency of a radio wave 500 phz
b- mass of an atom 500 pg
c_ the young modulus of a metal 500kpa
d_ wavelength of green light 500 nm

2 the speed of a wave in deep water depends on its wavelength l and the acceleration of free
fall g.
what is a possible equation for the speed v of the wave?
a v= (9 b v= gh c v=2n/2) bp v= 279
2n 4n? l l

3 the diagram shows two vectors x and y, drawn to scale.
\ - ¥
if x = y — z, which diagram best represents the vector z?
a b c d

4 a student intends to measure accurately the diameter of a wire (known to be approximately

1mm) and the internal diameter of a pipe (known to be approximately 2cm).
what are the most appropriate instruments for the student to use to make these measurements?
|| wire | ine

a calipers calipers

b calipers micrometer

cc micrometer calipers

d micrometer micrometer

2 [ne power f dissipated in a resistor of resistance f is calculated using the expression
p=v?
r
where v is the potential difference (p.d.) across the resistor. the percentage uncertainty in v is
5% and in ris 2%.
what is the percentage uncertainty in p?
a 3% b 7% c 8% d 12%

6 the velocity-time graph for an object of mass 2.5kg is shown.
| ee
velocity i
img: 10.0
8.0 !
6.0
4.0
2.0
0 i
0 5.0 10.0 15.0
time/s
what is the resultant force acting on the object?
a 0.60n b_ 0.80n c 1.5n d 2.0n

7 which statement follows directly from newton’s first law?
a a body remains at constant velocity unless acted upon by a resultant force.
b_asatellite in circular motion about the earth has a constant velocity.
c  awater drop leaving a spinning umbrella travels at a constant velocity.
d_ the force acting on an object is equal to its change in momentum.

8 a resultant force causes an object to accelerate.
what is equal to the resultant force?
a the acceleration of the object per unit mass
b_ the change in kinetic energy of the object per unit time
c_ the change in momentum of the object per unit time
d_ the change in velocity of the object per unit time

9 askydiver falls from an aircraft that is moving horizontally.
the vertical component of the velocity of the skydiver is v.
the vertical component of the acceleration of the skydiver is a.
which row describes v and a during the first few seconds after the skydiver leaves the aircraft?
ee
a constant constant
b constant decreasing
cc increasing constant
d increasing decreasing

10 two gliders are travelling towards each other on a horizontal air track. glider p has mass 0.30kg
and is moving with a constant speed of 1.2ms~'. glider q has mass 0.60kg and is moving with a
constant speed of 1.8ms”.

1.2ms" 1.8ms*
oo ooo
[ [
air
glider p track glider q
mass 0.30kg mass 0.60 kg
the gliders have a perfectly elastic collision.
what are the speeds of the two gliders after the collision?
speed of p speed of q
/ms“ ims"
a 1.2 0.6
b 2.0 1.4
cc 2.8 0.2
d 3.6 0.6

11 an object of weight w is suspended from a newton meter. when the object is completely
immersed in water, the newton meter reads p. when the object is completely immersed in oil, the
newton meter reads q.

p
q
water oil
what is the ratio ee 2
density of water
a we-p b @=p c w=p p w-=@
q-p w-p w-q w-p

12 which diagram shows a couple?
fp a f 5 f
f
cc f d
—— le
f

13 an object of weight 120 n is supported in equilibrium by two strings as shown.
a
t,
___--__ [top t20°
120n
what is the tension 7; in the left-hand string?
a 41n b 77n c 113n d 128n

14 in a large container in an oll refinery, three oils of different densities are mixed. no chemical
activity occurs.
the mixture consists of:
1200 kg of oil of density 1100kg m=
1500 kg of oil of density 860 kg m=?
4000 kg of oil of density 910 kgm.
what is the density of the mixture?
a 927kgm® b 933kgm° c 957kgm* d 1045kgm*

15 an electric motor produces 120 w of useful mechanical output power. the efficiency of the motor
is 60%.
which row is correct?
electrical power | waste heat power
input/w output/w

a 72 48

b 192 72

cc 200 72

d 200 80

16 a fixed amount of a gas undergoes a series of changes to its pressure and volume.
in two of the changes, no work is done by or on the gas. in one change work is done by the gas
on its surroundings. in another change work is done on the gas by its surroundings.
2.0
pressure
/10°pa 15
1.0 {|
0.5
0
0 4 2 3 4 5
volume /10~ m*
during the change when work is done on the gas by its surroundings, how much work is done on
the gas?
a 15j b 25j cc 30j d 45j

17 an object travelling with a speed of 10ms_— has kinetic energy 1500 j.
the speed of the object is increased to 40ms™.
what is the new kinetic energy of the object?
a 4500j b  6000j c 24000j d 1350000j

18 the engine of a car exerts a force of 600n in moving the car 1.0km in 150 seconds.
what is the average useful output power of the engine?
a 4.0w b 4.0kw c 90kw d 90mw

19 an extension—force graph for a spring is shown.

toes ener en

extension/cm 4 |

0 i

0 6.0
force/n
what is the spring constant of the spring?

a 0.025nm' b_ 0.40nm‘' cc 2.5nm* d 40nm'

20 a wire is extended by a force. the graph shows how the extension of the wire varies with the
force applied.
gp ad seeeinnarnane ls
extension
=a oe,
0 (e) ip ‘q
0 ww 2ww
force
initially a force w gives an extension d. the force is then increased to 2w. this increases the
extension to 2d.
which area of the graph represents the work done by the force when the force increases from w
to 2w?
a orq b oqrs c ors d tmrs

21 a transverse wave on a rope has wavelength 4 and period t.
the graph shows the variation of the displacement of the particles of the rope with distance in the
direction of travel of the wave at time f= 0.
direction
a al
displacement of travel
0 x
| 4 distance
a particle x is labelled.
which graph shows the variation of the displacement of particle x with time t?
a b
displacement displacement
0 0
t | fr
cc d
displacement displacement
0 0
| t t 0 t ft

22 which statement about all types of transverse waves is correct?
a they all have the same speed.
b_ they all have vibrations that are parallel to the direction of propagation of energy.
c_ they can all form stationary waves.
d_ they can all travel through a vacuum.

23 source s emits microwaves with a constant amplitude. the microwaves hit a metal screen p and
are reflected. a stationary wave is formed between s and p. the wavelength of the microwaves
is much smaller than the distance between s and p.
a detector q is moved at a slow, constant speed from s to p.
what happens to the amplitude of the signal detected by q?
a decreases steadily
b_ increases and decreases regularly
c increases steadily
d_ remains constant

24 the siren of a moving police car emits a sound wave with a frequency of 440 hz. a stationary
observer hears sound of frequency 494 hz. the speed of sound in the air is 340ms™.
what could be the speed and the direction of movement of the car?
a 37ms" directly towards the observer
b 37ms"' directly away from the observer
c 42ms" directly towards the observer
d 42ms" directly away from the observer

25 an electromagnetic wave has a wavelength of 138 pm in a vacuum.
to which region of the electromagnetic spectrum does this wave belong?
a_ radio wave
b_ microwave
c visible light
d x-ray

26 two wave pulses are travelling towards each other on a long rope. the pulses have the same
amplitude and wavelength and are travelling at a speed of 0.50ms™. the diagram shows the
rope at time t = 0.

0.50ms" 0.50ms"
al —_ —
4.0 \ 4s \ do 55 60 65 7.0 \ 15 \ do
distance/m
which diagram shows the rope at time t = 3.0s?
a b

5.0 \ ds \ do \ ds \ qo 15 5.0 5, 6] 6. 7.0 15
distance/m distance/m
cc d

27 water waves of wavelength j are incident normally on an obstacle with a narrow gap. the width
of the gap is equal to 1. the waves from the gap emerge over an angle 0 as shown.
i, !

, 3
_ ~. ,
incident ) \9 diffracted
water waves f: water waves
the gap is slowly widened.
which changes, if any, occur to and to the wavelength of the emerging waves?
a decreases remains the same
b increases remains the same
cc remains the same decreases
d remains the same increases

238 light of wavelength /20nm from a laser x is incident normally on a diffraction grating and a
diffraction pattern is observed. light from a laser y is then also incident normally on the same
grating. the third-order maximum due to laser y is seen at the same place as the second-order
maximum due to laser x.

what is the wavelength of the light from laser y?
a 480nm b 540nm c 720nm d 1080nm

29 monochromatic light of frequency fis incident on a diffraction grating of line spacing d. the speed
of light is c.
which expression can be used to determine the highest order of intensity maximum produced by
the grating?
a n= 2. b n= of c n= a d n==&
cf c f df

30 a metal plate of uniform thickness is connected to a cell as shown.
metal plate ~ <i ——«
viewed from electron
above flow
electrons move clockwise around the circuit.
which statement about the metal plate is correct?
a_ the average drift speed of the conduction electrons decreases as they move from right to left
through the plate.
b_ the average drift speed of the conduction electrons increases as they move from right to left
through the plate.
c the number density of the conduction electrons decreases from right to left through the
plate.
d_ the number density of the conduction electrons increases from right to left through the plate.

31 the diagram shows the direction of the current in a metal block. the charge carriers enter the
block through the face pqrs and leave the block through the opposite face.
p
z
x
| 7 c—
io
the number density of charge carriers is n. each charge carrier has charge e. the average drift
speed of the charge carriers is v.
which expression gives the current in the block?
a envx’ b_ envxy cc envx*¥ d_ envx‘y

32 what could not be used as a unit of potential difference?
if
a aq b nm'‘c* cc wa" d (qw)?

33 which graph could show how the resistance r of a filament lamp varies with the applied potential
difference (p.d.) v, as vis increased to the normal operating p.d.?
a b cc d
sy

34 kirchhoff’s two laws for electric circuits can be derived by using conservation laws.
on which conservation laws do kirchhoff's laws depend?
kirchhoff’s kirchhoffs
first law second law
a charge current
b charge energy
cc current mass
d energy current

35 the diagram shows a circuit.

which statement about the circuit is not correct?

a_ electromotive force is the energy transferred per unit charge.

b_ energy is transferred from chemical potential energy in the cell to other forms when the
switch is closed.

c_ the electromotive force of the cell is greater than the terminal potential difference when the
switch is closed.

d_ when the switch is open, the voltmeter measures the electromotive force of the cell.

36 the diagram shows a circuit containing four voltmeters. the readings on the voltmeters are v;,
v2, v3 and v4. all the readings are positive.
| ¢ .
° o ie
| @ “
which equation relating the voltmeter readings is correct?
a vi, = v2 + v4
bv; = vo + v3 + v4
c vo+ v3 = v4
d v3+ v4—v2=0

37 a network consists of a 3.0q resistor and two 6.0 resistors, as shown.
4.0v
o o
+ oe
6.00 3.00
[|

the potential difference (p.d.) across the network is 4.0v.
what is the current through the 3.0q resistor?
a 0.17a b 0.25a c 0.33a d 1.3a

38 in the circuit shown, all the resistors are identical and all the ammeters have negligible
resistance.
a, ith
[| ee | ae

the reading a; is 0.6a.
what are the readings on the other ammeters?
[ [aia [ava [aa _|

a 1.0 0.3 0.1

b 1.4 0.6 0.2

cc 1.8 0.9 0.3

d 2.2 1.2 0.4

39 an unstable nucleus of an element decays by emitting an a-particle or a 8 particle to become a
nucleus of a different element. this nucleus is also unstable and also emits an a-particle or a
b particle. the process continues until an isotope of the original element is produced.
what is the minimum possible number of these particles emitted?
a 2 b 3 cc 4 d5

40 the diagrams show the quark composition of four different hadrons. one of the hadrons is a =*
particle. it has a charge of +e, where e is the elementary charge.
which hadron could be the =* particle?
a b cc d
key
u = up quark
@) © @) ©) ©) (s) ©) () d = down quark
(4) g) (s) @) s = strange quark

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