physics

1 acyclist has a speed of 5ms™ and a small car has a speed of 12ms™.
which statement does not give a reasonable estimate?
a the kinetic energy of the cyclist is 1 x 10°j.
b_ the kinetic energy of the car is 7 x 10°j.
c the momentum of the cyclist is 4 x 10?kgms™.
d the momentum of the car is 2 x 10°kgms™.

2 which expression gives an si base quantity?
a charge per unit time
b force per unit area
c_ mass per unit volume
d_ work done per unit distance

3. which list contains only scalar quantities?
a area, length, displacement
b_ kinetic energy, speed, power
c potential energy, momentum, time
d velocity, distance, temperature

4 a micrometer is used to measure the 28.50mm width of a plastic ruler. the micrometer reads to
the nearest 0.01 mm.
what is the correct way to record this reading?
a 0.02850 + 0.01m
b 0.0285 + 0.001m
c (2.850 + 0.001) x 10?m
d (2.850 + 0.001) x 10m

5 the sides of a wooden block are measured with calipers. the lengths of the sides are measured
as 20.0mm, 40.0mm and 10.0 mm.
ft, | ~
as mm
40.0mm
the calipers can measure with an absolute uncertainty of +0.1mm.
what is the percentage uncertainty in the calculated volume of the block?
a 0.3% b 1.8% c 3.8% d 30%

6 a ball is thrown vertically upwards trom ground level and reaches a maximum height of 12./m
before falling back to ground level.
assume air resistance is negligible.
what is the total time for which the ball is in the air?
a 1.615 b 3.22s c 3.88s d 5.18s

8 a tennis ball is released from rest at time tf = 0 and falls through air for a long time.
which graph of its displacement s against time f best represents the motion of the ball?
a b cc d
ss | s ; ss s |
0 0 0 0
0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t

9 the space probe rosetta was designed to investigate a comet. the probe consisted of an orbiter
and a lander. the orbiter had a mass of 170kg and the lander had a mass of 100kg. when the
two parts separated, the lander was pushed towards the surface of the comet so that its change
in velocity towards the comet was 3.0ms™'.

orbiter
mass 170kg
lander
eo 100 kg
3.0ms"

assume that the orbiter and lander were an isolated system.
the orbiter moved away from the comet during the separation.
what was the change in the speed of the orbiter?
a 1.8ms" b 2.3ms" c 3.0ms™ d 5.1ms*

10 a positively charged oil droplet falls in air in a uniform electric field that is vertically upwards. the
droplet has a constant terminal speed vo and the electric field strength is e.
the magnitude of the force due to air resistance acting on the droplet is proportional to the speed
of the droplet.
which graph shows the variation with e of vo?
a b cc d
sy ey

0>-—____—> 0>-_———> 0->—______> 0--—_______~
0) e 0 e 0 ee 0 e

11. arigid uniform bar of length 2.4 m is pivoted horizontally at its midpoint.
0.8m 0.8m
meg on
weights are hung from two points on the bar as shown in the diagram. to maintain equilibrium, a
couple is applied to the bar.
what is the torque and direction of this couple?
a 40nm clockwise
b 40nm anticlockwise
c 80nmclockwise
d 80nm anticlockwise

12 two coplanar forces act on an object as shown.
object~_~
which diagram shows the resultant f of these two forces?
a b
f
f

cc d

f

f

13 four measuring cylinders are filled with the same liquid to the heights shown.
at which position is the pressure the greatest?
a
30cm 30cm
cc
| ocm | ocm

14 the gas in an engine does work on a piston of cross-sectional area 80cm‘. the pressure on the
piston has a constant value of 4.6 x 10°pa.
25cm
+
i ; : force of gas
‘ uf pushing piston
final position initial position
of piston of piston
how much work is done by the gas on the piston when it moves through a distance of 25cm?
a 9.2x107j b 9.2x10*j c 9.2 108j d 9.2x10%j

15 a power station using coal as fuel has an average power output of 3000 mw. coal is supplied by
20 trains each day. the efficiency of the station in converting the thermal energy released from
the coal to electrical energy is 26%.
a mass of 1.0kg of coal will release 33 mj of thermal energy when burnt.
which mass of coal does each train bring?
a 25x10*kg b 63x10*kg c 1.5x10°kg d 3.0x10’kg

16 a wooden cylinder floats partially submerged in a bath of water. a force f is applied to the
cylinder until it is just fully submerged.
wooden cylinder
t
water f
ft
| i)
i |
i \
which statement is not correct?
a_ some of the water gains gravitational potential energy.
b_ the cylinder loses gravitational potential energy.
c_ work is done by force f on the cylinder.
d_ work is done by the upthrust on the cylinder.

17 the motor of a crane lifts a load of mass 600kg. the load rises vertically at a constant speed of
12m per minute.
what is the useful power output of the motor?
a 0.12kw b 1.2kw c 7.2kw d 71kw

18 the graph shows the effect of applying a force of up to 5.0n to a spring.
a a
spring length/cm
11
10 i
0 5.0
force/n
the spring obeys hooke’s law for forces up to 7.0n.
what is the total extension of the spring produced by a 7.0n force?
a 4.2cm b 5.6cm c 15cm d 20cm

19 a rubber cord hangs from a rigid support. a weight attached to its lower end is gradually
increased from zero, and then gradually reduced to zero.
x
force
stretching
rubber
cord
contraction
weight
- 0
0 extension
the force—extension curve for contraction is below the force—extension curve for stretching.
what does the shaded area between the curves represent?
a the elastic potential energy stored in the rubber cord
b_ the thermal energy dissipated in the rubber cord
c_ the work done on the rubber cord during stretching
d_ the work done by the rubber cord during contraction

20 a transverse wave is travelling along a rope. the frequency of the wave is 2.0hz. the graph
shows the variation with distance of the displacement of the wave at time f= 0.
direction of wave travel
a al
displacement
0 10 distance/m
which diagram shows the position of the wave at time t = 0.58?
displacement
0 \2/ \4/ \6/ \8/ 10 distance/m
displacement
b
10 distance/m
displacement
cc
0 2 4 6 8 10 distance/m
displacement
d
0 0 distance/m

21 the two graphs represent the same wave.
graph 1 shows the variation with time of the displacement at a particular distance. graph 2
shows the variation with distance of the displacement at one instant.

22 a microphone is connected to a cathode-ray oscilloscope (cro). when a tuning fork is struck
and then held next to the microphone, the following waveform is shown on the display of the
cro.

| | | | | | ft
af |
wal al iaa aa
y\ f\ fy fy |
| | f hf hfe
pave v va
| | | | ft tt
| | tt te
the time-base setting on the cro is 2.00 ms per division.
what is the best estimate of the frequency of the sound produced by the tuning fork?
a 63hz b  170hz c 250hz d 500hz

23 a loudspeaker emitting a constant frequency of 2000hz is swung in a horizontal circle with a
speed of 15.0ms™'.
a stationary observer is level with the loudspeaker and situated a long distance from the
loudspeaker. the observer hears a sound of varying frequency. the maximum frequency heard
is 2097 hz.
what is the speed of the sound in the air?
a 294ms"' b 309ms' c 324ms' d 330ms”

24 two electromagnetic waves have wavelengths of 5.0 x 10-’m and 5.0 x 10°? m.
which row identifies the regions of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the waves belong?

wavelength wavelength
5.0x 10m 5.0x 107m

a ultraviolet infrared

b visible microwave

cc ultraviolet microwave

d visible infrared

25 a transmitter of electromagnetic waves is placed 45cm from a reflective surface.
reflective surface
transmitter
45cm

the emitted waves have a frequency of 1.00 ghz. a stationary wave is produced with a node at

the transmitter and a node at the surface.

how many antinodes are in the space between the transmitter and the surface?

a 1 b 2 cc 3 d 4

26 which statement about a light wave and a sound wave is correct?
a both can travel through free space.
b_ both have a frequency inversely proportional to their wavelength.
c_ both have an intensity proportional to their amplitude.
d_ both have oscillations perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.

27 an outdoor concert has two large speakers beside the stage for broadcasting music.
in order to test the speakers, they are made to emit sound of the same wavelength and the same
amplitude.

the curved lines in the diagram represent wavefronts.
where is the loudest sound heard?
ee
fs
l fsx
ll
ler)
(een
stage

28 an electromagnetic wave is incident normally on a diffraction grating.
a second-order maximum is produced at an angle of 30° to a normal to the grating.
the grating has 5000 lines per cm.
what is the wavelength of the wave?
a 25x10’m b 50x10’m c 1.0x10%m d 5.0x10%m

29 pisa point near to charge x as shown.
xx
oc °
e
when a negatively charged test charge is placed at point p, it is found to experience a force of
repulsion from x that is radially away from x.
which arrow correctly shows the direction of the electric field at point p due to the charge x?
a b cc d

30 acharged oil drop of mass m, with n excess electrons, is held stationary in the uniform electric
field between two horizontal plates separated by a distance d.
v + om ta
the voltage between the plates is v, the elementary charge is e and the acceleration of free fall
is g.
what is the value of n?
aa -2v bp gd c mev p 27
mgd ev gd mev

31 when the current in a wire is 5.0a, the average drift speed of the conduction electrons in the wire
is 7.4x10*ms™.
which row gives a possible cross-sectional area and number of conduction electrons per unit
volume for this wire?
5 number of conduction
cross-sectional i
2 electrons per unit
area/m 3
volume /m
a 7.2x107 1.2 x 10%
b 7.2 107 5.9 x 10%
c 2.3 x 10° 7.3 x 10°
d 2.3 x 10° 3.7 x 1077

32 a fixed resistor of resistance 12 is connected to a battery. there is a current of 0.20a in the
resistor. the current is now doubled.
what is the new power dissipated in the resistor?
a 0.48w b 0.96w c 1.9w d 48w

33 there is a current in a resistor for an unknown time.
which two quantities can be used to calculate the energy dissipated by the resistor?
a the current in the resistor and the potential difference across the resistor
b_ the resistance of the resistor and the current in the resistor
c the total charge passing through the resistor and the potential difference across the resistor
d the total charge passing through the resistor and the resistance of the resistor

34 two cells with electromotive forces e;, and e> and internal resistances r; and r, are connected to
a resistor r as shown.
cell 1 cell 2
poa | pog
current
r

the terminal potential difference across cell 1 is zero.
which expression gives the resistance of resistor r?
a eor,— eyre b eor,—enr, c ew2—eor, d eqr2—ear,

e, es ey e,

35 a battery has an electromotive force (e.m.f.) e and internal resistance r. the battery delivers a
current j to a variable resistor and the potential difference (p.d.) across its terminals is v.
1 e '
r 1 enero neeppeomiemuenenearariereh
«vs

the variable resistor is adjusted so that j increases.
why does v decrease?
a thee.m.f. e decreases.
b_ the internal resistance r increases.
c_ the p.d. across r increases.
d_ the resistance of the variable resistor increases.

36 three identical resistors are connected between terminals p and q in different networks x, y and
z as shown.
xx 4 z

37 the diagram shows a variable resistor r and two fixed resistors connected in series in a circuit to

act as a potential divider.

6.0v

ry 2.02 102

2.0v
the cell of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 6.0v has negligible internal resistance. a cell of e.m.f.
2.0v and a galvanometer are connected into the potential divider. the resistance of r is varied
until the galvanometer reads zero.
what is the resistance of resistor r?
a 3.00 b 5.0 cc 8.00 d 180

38 the table gives some data relating to four neutral (uncharged) atoms w, x, y and z.
po x ve

nucleon (mass) number 16 | 17 | 17 | 18
total number of particles (protons, 24 | 26 | 25 | 28
neutrons and electrons) in the atom

two of the atoms are isotopes of the same element.

what is the proton number of this element?

a 7 b 8 c 9 d 10

39 what is not a fundamental particle?
a electron
b_ neutrino
c_ neutron
d positron

40 anunstable nucleus decays and emits a b" particle.
which changes, if any, occur to the quark composition of the nucleus?
quark changes
a +1 0
b +1 -1
cc -1 +1
d 0 +1

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