physics

1 what is a reasonable estimate of the kinetic energy of a car travelling at a speed of 30ms"'?
a 107j b 10*j cc 10°j d 10%

2 ~the frequency f of vibration of a mass m supported by a spring with spring constant k is given by
the equation
f= cm?pk4
where c is a constant with no units.
what are the values of p and q?
pp foe | oo |
a| -2 “2
bl] -4 :
a) 4 4
b/ ¢ :

3 the power produced by a force moving an object is given by the equation shown.
work _ force x displacement
power = —— = —————
time time
which quantities are scalars and which are vectors?
ee
a displacement, time force, power
b power, work displacement, force
cc power, force displacement, work
d work, time power, displacement

4 acathode-ray oscilloscope displays a square wave, as shown.
| tty ty yy
litt tt pe
lt tet yy yy yl
lt ee tt ye
tl} ty yt ty ye
ltt eee tt
| tye ty yy
lt et ett tt

the time-base setting is 0.20 ms per division.
what is the frequency of the square wave?
a 0.83hz b  830hz c 1300hz d 1700hz

2» ameasurement is taken correctly but with a ruler at a significantly higher temperature than that at

which the ruler was calibrated. the higher temperature causes the ruler to expand.

what describes the effect on the measurement caused by the higher temperature and how the

measurement may be improved?

a the measurement will be subject to a random error. the measurement can be made more
accurate by taking the average of several repeated measurements.

b_ the measurement will be subject to a random error. the measurement can be made more
precise by taking the average of several repeated measurements.

c the measurement will be subject to a systematic error. the measurement can be made more
accurate by taking the average of several repeated measurements.

d the measurement will be subject to a systematic error. the measurement can be made more
precise by taking the average of several repeated measurements.

6 the velocity of an electric car changes as shown.
150 8 yf pb py
0 a pt er es
; 0 a pe rr ts
velocity eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee eee eee eee
/km ht hee eee eee eee eee eee eee
a i a i ad et a a a i in a a ai
a al tdi ai i i i a a
100 t-te |
eeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eet h
a a a al ah i i >a a
i i i a a a i i li a
qf a aa owed se ela) af eedead es] spe het thgboete pal tse 8 eb]
suggeesassaesesusaesssn=s7 caer a"sesecers
5 sl lee el gm ee le ue
a i ei co gg
50 tpt ne” ae ae,
here eee eee eee eee eee eee
eee eee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee
serre sees ee eee eee eee eee
eee ccc ccc reece eee eee ee]
eee ccc]
eecca eee eee reer]
a
e90 0 0 0 2 a 0
0 fj ee eee eee ee eee
0 1 2 8 4
time/s
what is the acceleration of the car?
a 210ms* b 58ms? c 26ms? d 7.3ms*

8 acar accelerates from rest in a straight line with constant acceleration.
which graph best represents the variation of the momentum p of the car with the distance s
travelled by the car?
a b cc d

9 the resultant force f on a raindrop of mass m falling with velocity v is given by the equation
f=mg—kv
where k is a constant and g is the acceleration of free fall.
what is the velocity of the raindrop when it reaches a constant (terminal) velocity?
a fs a c {t p 72
mg mg k k

10 a stationary toy gun fires a bullet.

which statement about the bullet and the gun, immediately after firing, is not correct?

a_ the force exerted on the bullet by the gun has the same magnitude as the force exerted on
the gun by the bullet.

b_ the force exerted on the bullet by the gun is in the opposite direction to the force exerted on
the gun by the bullet.

c_ the gun and the bullet have the same magnitude of momentum.

d_ the kinetic energy of the gun must equal the kinetic energy of the bullet.

11 a wooden block rests on the rough surface of a board. one end of the board is then raised until
the block slides down the board at constant velocity v.
block
a vv
board

what describes the forces acting on the block when it is sliding with constant velocity?
| | frictional force on block resultant force on block

a down the board down the board

b down the board zero

cc up the board down the board

d up the board zero

12 which statement best describes a couple?

aa pair of forces of equal magnitude acting in opposite directions which produce rotational
motion but not translational motion

ba pair of forces of equal magnitude acting in opposite directions which produce translational
motion but not rotational motion

ca pair of forces of equal magnitude acting in the same direction which produce rotational
motion but not translational motion

da pair of forces of equal magnitude acting in the same direction which produce translational
motion but not rotational motion

13 a uniform rod xy of weight 10.0n is freely hinged to a wall at x. it is held horizontal by a force f
acting from y at an angle of 30° to the horizontal, as shown.
rs, .
wall f
60° [30
xx y
10.0n

what is the value of f?
a 5.0n b 8.7n c 10.0n d 20.0n

14 four combinations of vectors are shown, each representing all the forces acting on an object.
the forces all act in the same plane.
the object is in equilibrium.
which combination of vectors could represent the forces acting on the object?
a b
cc d

15 arectangular metal bar exerts a pressure of 15200 pa on the horizontal surface on which it rests.
the height of the metal bar is 80cm.
what is the density of the metal?
a 190kgm*
b 1900kgm*
c 19000kgm?
d 190000kgm?

16 amass attached to the lower end of a spring bounces up and down.
at which points in the path of the mass do the gravitational potential energy of the mass (gpe),
the elastic potential energy in the spring (epe) and the kinetic energy of the mass (ke) have their
highest values?
gpe epe ke

a bottom middle top

b bottom top middle

cc top bottom middle

d top bottom top

17 a block of weight 80n is pushed a distance of 60cm up a slope inclined at 30° to the horizontal.
there is a frictional force of 25n between the block and the surface of the slope.
80n
30° weight
horizontal

what is the work w, done against the gravitational force and the work w; done against the
frictional force?
[ew

a 24 75

b 24 15

cc 48 7.5

d 48 15

18 a ball is dropped from rest and falls towards the ground. air resistance is negligible.
which graph shows the variation with speed of the height of the ball above the ground?
a b
height height
above above
ground ground
0 0
0 speed 0 speed
cc d
height height
above above
ground ground
0 0
0 speed 0 speed

19 power is transferred through a machine as shown.
power input p, power output p,
machine
power loss p,
what is the efficiency of the machine?
a i b a cc fa d po
po+p, p, po p;

20 a tensile force is used to extend a sample of a material. the force is then removed.
the variation with strain of the applied stress is shown on the graph.
which point on the graph could represent the elastic limit for the material?
cc
stress b
a
0 d
0 strain

21 a tensile force is applied to an unstretched rubber band, causing it to stretch. the tensile force is

then removed.

which statement about the rubber band must be correct?

a if the rubber band stretches elastically and plastically, all the work done by the force is
converted to thermal energy in the rubber.

b if the rubber band stretches elastically, it obeys hooke’s law.

c_ if the rubber band stretches elastically, the gradient of the force—extension graph represents
the work done by the force.

d_ if the rubber band stretches plastically, the rubber band will be longer after the force is
removed than it was before the force is applied.

22 asound wave reduces in intensity but maintains a constant frequency as it travels through air.
which statement is correct?
a the maximum displacement of the particles changes between one particle and the next
particle.
b_ the phase difference between adjacent particles is zero.
c_ the wavelength is the distance between two particles that have a phase difference of 180°.
d_ two particles that have a phase difference of 360° have the same maximum displacement.

23 the graph shows the variation with time of the displacement of an electromagnetic wave at a
point.
displacement a aaa ca
arbitrary units
0
0 f 10 aw 30 ao 50 55
a 9 oan: time/s
the wave is travelling in a vacuum.
what is the amplitude and what is the wavelength of the wave?
amplitude wavelength
/arbitrary units /m
a 3.0 6000
b 6.0 6000
cc 3.0 7500
d 6.0 7500

24 a long glass tube is almost completely immersed in a large tank of water. a tuning fork is struck

and held just above the open end of the tube as it is slowly raised.
a louder sound is first heard when the height h of the end of the tube above the water is 18.8cm.
a louder sound is next heard when h is 56.4cm. the speed of sound in air is 330ms™.

tuning “ie

| tub

glass tube i
water

what is the frequency of the sound produced by the tuning fork?
a 220hz b 440hz c 660hz d 880hz

25 a source emitting sound of a single frequency f, travels at constant speed directly towards an
observer. the source then passes the observer and continues to move directly away from the
observer. the velocity of the source remains constant.

which graph represents the variation with time of the frequency f, of the sound heard by the
observer?
a b
f fs
ie eee cater ie eee. gee
time time
cc d
fs i
fon eo enee tie +e fee - 2-2 een -e eee
time time

26 what are the names of the electromagnetic waves that have wavelengths in a vacuum of 100 pm
and of 100 um?
wavelength wavelength

100pm 100 um
a y-rays infrared
b y-rays red light
cc x-rays infrared
d x-rays red light

27 the diagram shows a string stretched between fixed points x and y. there is a stationary wave

on the string.

ss
“~ ae
7 on 7s
y, \ 7 \
/ \ / \
i \ f \
x¢-----e----- a ro. —----------py
rp ff \ /
\ / \ /
\ / \ /
\. 7 \_ 7
~s ~s
t

the solid curve shows the string at a position of maximum displacement. the dashed curve

shows the other position of maximum displacement. the straight central dashed line shows the

mean position of the string. point s on the string is directly above point p. point t on the string is

directly below q.

which statement is correct?

a. asshort time later, point r on the string will be displaced.

b_ points s and t on the string move in opposite directions.

c_ the distance between p and q is one wavelength.

d_ two points on the string that are equal distances from point r vibrate in phase.

28 which statement must be true for diffraction to occur when a wave passes through a gap?
a_ the wave is able to travel in a vacuum.
b_ the wave is progressive.
c_ the wave has a large amplitude.
d_ the wave has a long wavelength.

29 light of a single wavelength is incident normally on two slits that are 0.20mm apart. interference
fringes are observed on a screen that is 5.4m away from the slits. the distance between
successive bright fringes is 12mm.

what is the wavelength of the light?
a 440nm b 540nm c 650nm d 900nm

30 a diffraction grating and a screen are used to determine the single wavelength 2 of the light from
a source.
what is an essential feature of this experiment?
a accurved screen must be used.
b_ the diffraction angle 6 must be measured for at least two interference maxima.
c_ the light waves incident on the grating must be coherent.
d_ the third order intensity maximum must be produced.

31 asmall charge q is placed in the electric field of a large charge q.
both charges experience a force f.
what is the electric field strength of the charge q at the position of the charge q?
f f f
a — b — c fqq dd —
qq q ; q

32 acharged particle is in a vacuum between two horizontal metal plates as shown.
. charged particle
horizontal plate +300v
2.0cm
horizontal plate ov
the acceleration of the particle is 7.15 x 10''ms~” downwards. the particle has a mass of
3.34 x 10°” kg.
what is the charge on the particle?
a +1.6x10°°%c
b -1.6x10°°c
c +1.6x10"c
d -1.6x10c

33 the current in the circuit shown is 3.2ma.
oa
xx y

what are the direction of flow and the rate of flow of electrons through the resistor r?
| | direction of flow rate of flow/s™

a xtoy 2.0 x 10°

b xtoy 5.1 x 10°

c y to x 2.0 x 10"

d y tox 5.1 x 10°?

34 which graph best represents the way the current i through a filament lamp varies with the
potential difference v across it?
a b cc d
i | | i | : na | | il | |
% v % v % v °% v

35 a cylindrical metal wire x has resistance r. the same volume of the same metal is made into a
cylindrical wire y of double the length.
what is the resistance of wire y?
a r b 2r c 4r d 8r

36 a cell of electromotive force (e.m.f.) e and internal resistance r is connected to a resistor of
resistance r.
a maximum power p can be dissipated by the resistor without overheating.
| e
' r '
aad
what is the maximum value of e if the resistor does not overheat?
a r _f br a cc rnb d ene
(r-r) (r+r) r r

37 three identical resistors can be connected together in four different ways.
the resistances of two of these combinations are 4.0q and 9.0q.
what is the resistance of each individual resistor?
a 3.0q b 6.00 c 120 d 180

38 in the circuit shown, a battery of negligible internal resistance is connected in series with a pair of
fixed resistors r; and ro.
r,} |60q
=
6.0v |
—— x
r,} }20q
y
the circuit is to be used to test whether the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a particular cell is 1.5v.
the cell is connected between terminals x and y in parallel with rz and in series with a
galvanometer.
which statement about the test is correct?
a_ any non-zero reading on the galvanometer means the cell has an e.m.f. of 1.5v.
b_ the battery does not need to have an e.m-f. of 6.0v.
c_ the cell may be connected either way round between x and y.
d_ the galvanometer does not need a scale calibrated in amperes.

39 an element has two isotopic forms.
what are the nuclear arrangements of these two isotopes?
a_ they have different nucleon numbers and different proton numbers.
b_ they have different nucleon numbers but the same proton number.
c_ they have the same nucleon number and the same proton number.
d_ they have the same nucleon number but different proton numbers.

40 a hadron has a charge +e, where e is the elementary charge.
which combination of up (u) and down (d) quarks could form this hadron?
a ddd budd c  uud d uuu

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