physics

1 what is a reasonable estimate for the density of sand?
a 2x 10?gcm®?
b 2x 10°gcm®
c 2x10'kgm®?
d 2x10°kgm®

2. which physical quantity could have units of ns“m™'?
a acceleration
b_ force
c mass
d momentum

3 a velocity vector is shown.
north
:
75ms"*
1309
(_----------------» east
what are the components of the velocity vector in the northerly and in the easterly directions?
component of vector | component of vector
in northerly direction in easterly direction
/ms“ /ms“
a 38 38
b 38 65
cc 65 38
d 65 65

4 amicrometer screw gauge is used to measure the diameter of a copper wire.
the reading with the wire in position is shown in diagram 1. the wire is removed and the jaws of
the micrometer are closed. the new reading is shown in diagram 2.
diagram 1 diagram 2
what is the diameter of the wire?
a 1.95mm b 2.45mm c 2.59mm d = 2.73mm

6 four cars, a, b, c and d, move from rest in a straight line. the cars take the same time to
accelerate to a velocity of 6(0kmh". their velocity-time graphs are shown.
which car reaches a velocity of 60 kmh in the shortest distance?
7
velocity
/kmh" |
a
dc
0 i
0 time

7  acannon fires a cannonball with an initial speed v at an angle ato the horizontal.
vv a i
fo h “sh,
a 7
which equation is correct for the maximum height h reached?
a h=sine b h=9sing c h=wsinee p y=9?sine
29 2v 2g 2v

8 a ball strikes a horizontal surface with momentum p at an angle @to the surface, as shown.
p pp.
the ball rebounds with the same magnitude of momentum at an angle @to the surface.
the ball is in contact with the surface for time tf.
what is the magnitude of the average resultant force acting on the ball during the collision?
a zero b 2 cc — d a

9 askydiver, who is falling vertically through the air, opens his parachute.
which row describes the velocity of the skydiver immediately after he opens his parachute?
direction of magnitude of
velocity velocity
a downwards decreases
b downwards increases
cc upwards decreases
d upwards increases

10 a stationary firework explodes into four fragments which travel in different directions in a
horizontal plane. the diagram shows the velocity and mass of each fragment.
25g 10g
not to
scale
240ms* 300ms“
v ! 300ms"*
15g x 20g
what is the speed v of fragment x?
a 200ms‘ b 240ms" cc 300ms' d 360ms"

11 a particle with mass moves in a horizontal straight line through a uniform electric field in a
vacuum. the electric field is vertical.
horizontal path
of particle
electric field
particle —
direction of
gravitational
field
there is a significant gravitational effect on the motion of the particle.
what could be the direction of the electric field and the sign of the charge, if any, on the particle?
electric field éignef eharae
direction 9 9
a downwards negative
b downwards positive
cc upwards negative
d upwards no charge

12 two parallel forces, each of magnitude f, act on a rod of length 5d.
which diagram shows the positions of the two forces that will produce the largest torque on the
rod?
a b
f
id
f f fp
cc d
f
i__2d i
: 2d
f pf f

13 a mass of 30kg is suspended from the end of a wire. a horizontal force f acts on the mass so
that it is in equilibrium, with the wire at an angle of 30° to the vertical, as shown.
130°
mass 30kg
f
what is the magnitude of f?
a 17n b 150n c 170n d 510n

14 a balance is used to measure the mass m of a number of cylindrical metal rods of length 1. all the
metal rods have the same radius r.
the graph shows the variation with 1 of m.
m
0
0 i
the gradient of the graph is g.
which expression gives the density of the metal?
a =. b g2nr e = d grr?
2nr mr?

15 two blocks, x and y, are on a horizontal frictionless surface. the mass of block y is greater than
that of block x. block y has a spring attached to its end.
the blocks are pushed together so that the spring is compressed between them and the blocks
are held stationary as shown.
compressed spring
frictionless
before release
when released, the blocks move in opposite directions.
which statement is correct?
a after release, the kinetic energy of block x must equal the kinetic energy of block y.
b_ after release, the sum of the kinetic energies of the blocks is equal to zero.
c_ the total energy of the spring and blocks immediately before release is zero.
d_ the total energy of the spring and blocks is equal to the energy needed to bring the blocks
together.

16 agas is contained in a cylinder by a movable piston.
|__}j__] final position
ee cs te .
= of piston
| — sa initial position
fe eannicescmennconsnieed ataislen
35.0cm gas
30.0cm
cylinder
eee
er
20.0cm
the cylinder has a circular cross-section of diameter 20.0 cm.
the pressure of the gas is 102 pa and the piston is initially 30.0 cm from the base of the cylinder.
the gas is heated causing the piston to move up so that it is 35.0cm from the base. the pressure
of the gas remains constant.
how much work does the gas do in moving the piston?
a 0.160j b 0.641j c 1.125 d 4.49j

17 anegg of mass 25g falls vertically downwards from the surface of a table which is 900mm above
the ground. air resistance is negligible.
what is the kinetic energy of the egg when it hits the ground?
a 0.023j b 0.22j c 23j d 220j
8 eee eee...

18 an aircraft travels at a constant velocity of 90ms_™ in horizontal flight. the diagram shows the
horizontal forces acting on the aircraft.
drag ~_ s
2a00n [| thrust
©

the mass of the aircraft is 2000 kg.
what is the power produced by the thrust force?
a 18x10w b 2.2x10°w c 18x10°w d 2.0x10°w

19 which expression is equal to the stress on a wire?

a exension

original length
b totke

cross-sectional area
c tote

extension
d young modulus

original length

20 awire is stretched by applying increasing values of force f. for each value of force applied, the
extension x is recorded. a force—extension graph is plotted from the data obtained.
which statement about the area under the graph must be correct?
a_ltcan be calculated as $fx.
b__itis the elastic potential energy stored in the stretched sample.
c_itis the work done in stretching the sample.
d_ it would be the same for any wire of the same material.

21 a progressive radio wave in a vacuum has a frequency of 75 mhz.
what is the phase difference between two points on the wave that are 50cm apart from each
other?
a 23° b 45° cc 90° d 180°

22 which statement is correct for longitudinal waves but not correct for transverse waves?
a_ they can form stationary waves.
b_ they can only travel through a medium.
c_ they can transfer energy in the direction of travel.
d_ they consist of peaks and troughs.

23 a loudspeaker emitting a sound wave of a single frequency is placed a distance l from a
reflecting surface, as shown.
l
a al
reflector
omer
microphone path of
microphone
a stationary wave is formed with an antinode at the loudspeaker. a microphone is moved from
the loudspeaker to the reflector.
before the microphone reaches the reflector, it detects four points where the sound intensity is a
minimum.
what is the wavelength of the sound wave?
« we 3 2b ¢ 4b y 2
9 8 9 8

24 a source of sound of frequency f at point z is moving at a steady speed. ihe pattern of the
emitted wavefronts is shown.
\
which row describes the frequencies of the sound heard by stationary observers at x and y?
frequency frequency
heard at x heard at y
a <f <f
b <f >f
cc >f <f
d >f >f

25 what is not a possible value for the wavelength of the named electromagnetic waves when it is
travelling in a vacuum?
electromagnetic wavelength/m
wave
a y-rays 3x10
b x-rays 3x 10°?
c infrared 3x 10°
d microwaves 3x 10°

26 two waves, p and q, meet at a point x and superpose.
initially, the two waves meet at x in phase (zero phase difference) so that the resultant wave has
an amplitude of 14.0 cm at that point.
the phase difference between the two waves is then changed so that they meet at x with a
phase difference of 180°. the resultant wave now has an amplitude of 4.0cm at x.
what is the amplitude of one of the waves at point x?
a 2.0cm b 5.0cm c 10cm d 18cm

27 a water wave is diffracted as it passes through a gap between two barriers in a ripple tank. the
wave is observed to ‘spread out’ as it moves through the gap.
which two factors both affect the amount of diffraction observed?
a the amplitude and frequency of the incident wave
b_ the amplitude of the incident wave and the width of the gap
c_ the wavelength and amplitude of the incident wave
d_ the wavelength of the incident wave and the width of the gap

28 two sources of microwaves p and q produce coherent waves with a phase difference of 180°.
the waves have the same wavelength i.
rere s
pes ae
qe
at the point s there is a minimum in the interference pattern produced by waves from the two
sources. the distance (qs — ps) is called the path difference.
which expression could represent the path difference?
a es 6 i p 3
4 2 2

29 a beam of red laser light of wavelength 633 nm is incident normally on a diffraction grating with
600 lines per mm.
first-order
maximum
light zero-order
beam maximum
diffraction first-order
grating maximum
screen
the beam of red light is now replaced by a beam of blue laser light of wavelength 445nm. a
replacement diffraction grating is used so that the first-order maximum of the blue light appears at
the same position on the screen as the first-order maximum of the red light from the original laser.
how many lines per mm are there in the replacement diffraction grating?
a 420mm' b 470mm‘ c 600mm" d 850mm‘

30 which diagram best represents the field lines in the electric field produced by a combination of
one point positive charge and one point negative charge?
a b
cc d

31. the diagram shows a thundercloud whose base is 500m above the ground.
500m
the potential difference between the base of the cloud and the ground is 200 mv. a raindrop with
a charge of 4.0 x 10°c is in the region between the cloud and the ground.
what is the electrical force on the raindrop?
a 16x10°n b 80x10“*n c 16x10°n d 0.40n

32 the current j in a metal wire is given by the equation
i= anvgq.
what does the symbol n represent?
a the number of charge carriers in the wire
b_ the number of charge carriers per unit cross-sectional area of the wire
c_ the number of charge carriers per unit length of the wire
d_ the number of charge carriers per unit volume of the wire

33 a cell of negligible internal resistance is connected to resistors r;, r2 and r3, as shown. the cell

provides power to the circuit and power is dissipated in the resistors.

r,
[|
ae

which word equation must be correct?

a power dissipated in r; = power dissipated in r2 + power dissipated in r3

b_ power dissipated in r2 = power dissipated in r3

c power output of cell = power dissipated in r; + power dissipated in ro + power dissipated in

rs
d power output of cell = power dissipated in r,

34 a fixed resistor and a diode are connected in series to a battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.)
6.0v and negligible internal resistance. the graph shows the variation with potential difference
(p.d.) v of the current i for the diode.

50 /
soy ioe st | tt tf
40 [
- ft | ft tay
30
toch pt tt tt
wet l/l
ey
fy | [|
0 0.5 1.0 15
viv
the current in the diode is 40 ma.
what is the resistance of the fixed resistor?
a 300 b 1209 c 1502 d 1809

35 an electrical cable consists of seven strands of copper wire, each of diameter 0.30mm,
connected in parallel.
the resistivity of copper is 1.72 x 10° qm. the current in the cable is 13a.
what is the potential difference (p.d.) between two points on the cable a distance of 1.0m apart?
a 0.0045v b 0.11v c 0.45v d 3.2v

36 a cell that has internal resistance is connected to a switch s and a variable resistor. a voltmeter
is connected between the terminals of the cell, as shown.
s/
when switch s is open, the voltmeter reads 1.5v. the switch is then closed and the variable
resistor is adjusted to have a resistance of 4.0q. the voltmeter now reads 0.75v.
what is the internal resistance of the cell?
a 1.0q b 2.00 c 400 d 8.02

37 a cell of electromotive force (e.m.f.) e and negligible internal resistance is connected into a
circuit, as shown.
22
[|
- ite ¢

the voltmeter has a very high resistance and reads a potential difference vou.

. v vout
what is the ratio “?

e

a 1 b 1 e 1. dp 2

6 3 2 3

38 a battery is connected to a potentiometer. the potentiometer consists of a uniform resistance
wire and a sliding contact p.
; 7
q a. r
(v) wire
the potential difference (p.d.) v between the sliding contact p and end q of the wire is measured
using a voltmeter. the sliding contact p is moved from end q to end r of the wire. sliding contact
p is distance d from q.
which graph shows the variation with distance d of the p.d. v?
a b cc d
v vv v vv
0 0 0 0
0 d 0 d 0 d 0 d

39 the figure shows part of a chart of nuclides where neutron number is plotted against proton
number.
an unstable nuclide x decays by emitting an o-particle.
which nuclide is formed by the decay of nuclide x?
147
rewron yg} | fe
number 146
xx
wt tt) be
wl el
ot el
142
sane
ot ell
140
91 92 93 94 95 96
proton number

40 the nuclei of common isotopes of hydrogen, helium, lithium and beryllium are shown.
which nucleus contains equal numbers of up and down quarks?
a fh b 3he cc fli d $be

Solve 9702_m21_qp_12