physics

1 what is a reasonable estimate of the kinetic energy of an olympic athlete sprinting in a 100m
race?
a 40j b 400j c 4000j d 40000j

2 what is a unit of momentum?
a kgms” b ns" c ns d kgsm'

3 what is the horizontal component of the force shown?
20n
§3°
~---b------------- horizontal
a 12n b 16n c 25n d 27n

4 the diagram shows two readings on a micrometer.

0 lo 0 5 10 °

° +

oo

t

reading 1 reading 2
what is the difference between the two readings?

a 10.34mm b  11.84mm c 12.34mm d 12.84mm

5 the diameter of a circular disc is measured as (7.0 + 0.1)mm.
what is the area of the disc and the absolute uncertainty in the area?
area of disc absolute
/ mm? uncertainty /mm?
a 38.5 +0.5
b 38 be
cc 154 +2
d 154 +4

8 two masses, m and m, are connected by an inextensible string which passes over a frictionless
pulley. mass m rests on a frictionless slope, as shown.
rx ,
mp ,
frictionless slope
the slope is at an angle @to the horizontal.
the two masses are initially held stationary and then released. mass m accelerates down the
slope.
which expression must be correct?
a sing< @ b coso< @ cc sing> @ d cosg> ™
m m m m

9 the weights and masses of four different objects on the surfaces of four different planets are
shown.
which planet has the lowest value of acceleration of free fall at its surface?
weight mass
a 40mn 6.0g
b 3.0n 500g
cc 10n 1kg
d 2.6kn 750 kg

10 a rock in deep space is travelling towards a distant star and collides with a stationary spacecraft.
what is not a possible outcome of the collision?
a_ the rock becomes stationary and the spacecraft moves towards the star.
b_ the rock moves away from the star and so does the spacecraft.
c_ the rock moves away from the star and the spacecraft moves towards the star.
d_ the rock moves towards the star and so does the spacecraft.

11 a steel ball is falling at a constant (terminal) speed in still air. the forces acting on the ball are
upthrust, viscous drag and weight.
what is the order of increasing magnitude of these three forces?
a upthrust > viscous drag — weight
b_ viscous drag > upthrust > weight
c_ viscous drag > weight > upthrust
d_ weight > upthrust > viscous drag

12 what is a couple?
a apair of equal forces acting in the same direction but along different lines
b_apair of forces that are equal and opposite but acting along different lines
ca pair of forces that produce no resultant force and no resultant moment
da pair of unequal forces acting in opposite directions but along the same line

13 four coplanar forces act on a rigid rod, as shown. the rod is hinged at p.
which force produces the greatest moment about point p?
6n
b on 4n
d
p 30° c 30°
' ' i '
"4.0m 10m ° 1.0m ° 1.0m '
a
10n

14 a book of weight w has a rectangular shape and is of uniform thickness. the book is held in a

vertical plane so that the longer sides of the book are vertical, as shown.

| 6 hand

! book

<=<—_

which expression gives the approximate torque exerted by the hand on the book?
a “ clockwise
b os anticlockwise
c wa clockwise
d_ wb anticlockwise

15 the derivation of the pressure equation ap = pgah uses a number of relationships between

quantities.
which relationship is not used in the derivation of this equation?
a density = —mass_

volume
b_ potential energy = mass x acceleration of free fall x height
c pressure = ies,

area

d_ weight = mass x acceleration of free fall

16 aspring is initially neither compressed nor extended.
a force can be applied to this spring so that it is either compressed to a shorter length or
extended to a longer length.
what is the change in the elastic potential energy in the spring when it is extended and when it is
compressed?
change in the elastic potential energy
spring is extended spring is compressed

a decreases decreases

b decreases increases

cc increases decreases

d increases increases

17 asample of gas is sealed in a cylinder by a piston. the frictionless piston is free to move, so that
the pressure of the gas remains constant at 1.80 x 10°pa.
the gas initially occupies a volume of 2.40 x 10m’.
the gas now does 14.4 j of work.
what is the volume of the gas after doing this work?
a 0.80 x 10*m?
b_ 1.60 x 10~“m®
c 3.20x10*m*
d 4.00 x 10“*m®

18 acar of mass 500kg is at rest at point x on a slope, as shown.
the car’s brakes are released and the car rolls down the slope with its engine switched off. at
point y the car has moved through a vertical height of 30m and has a speed of 11ms™.
ex» mass = 500kg
s\, speed = oms*
sa)
©}
-4--- see x
kz
30m exp
qy speed = 11ms™
i oe |
what is the energy dissipated by frictional forces when the car moves from x to y?
a 3.0x10*j b 1.2x 10°j c 15x 10°j d 1.8x 10°j

19 which expression cannot be used to calculate power?
a (force x displacement)
time
b force x velocity
c work done
time
d_ work done x velocity

20 the stress cin a material is given by the equation shown.
oe ~
a
the strain ein the same material is given by the equation shown.
e=x
l
which expression gives the young modulus of the material?
a = b fx cc ox p £.
o al l aé

21 what is an example of plastic deformation?
a arubber ball is momentarily compressed every time it hits the ground.
b- aspoon stirring some coffee in a ceramic mug hits its surface and makes a clinking sound.
c_ a toolbox is left on a horizontal plank. when the toolbox is removed, the plank is no longer
straight.
d une spring in some bathroom weighing scales is compressed by a person standing on the
scales.

22 a transverse progressive wave of wavelength 2 is set up on a stretched string. the graph shows
the variation of displacement y with distance x at a particular instant of time. the wave has
displacement ty, at distance x = .

° 0 4 a 3a) 5a x
| 8 2 2 2
what are the next two values of x where the displacement y is again equal to +y;?
a 3a and 5a
8 8
b 34 and 94
8 8
c % and 9%
8 8
p % ang 14
8 8

23 the graph shows the variation with time of the displacement of an air particle as a progressive
sound wave passes through the air. the speed of sound in air is 330ms".
displacement
ll\ £\ ln
sa ao d ao oo 6
time/ms

what is the wavelength of the wave?
a 66m b 83m c 20m d 25m

24 a microphone is connected to a cathode-ray oscilloscope (cro). a sound wave of constant
frequency is detected by the microphone. the screen of the cro is shown.
if no
ber a4ber a
base
1.0cm
the time-base is set at 1.0mscm™.
what is the frequency of the sound wave?
a 250hz b 500hz c 670hz d 4000hz
i

25 atrain’s whistle is emitting sound of frequency 500 hz as the train moves with a speed of 20ms~
along a straight track. the train moves directly towards a stationary observer standing next to the
track and then passes the observer.

the speed of sound in air is 330ms™.

what is the difference between the frequencies of the sound heard by the observer before and
after the train has passed the observer?

a 29hz b 32hz c 40hz d 61hz

26 gamma-rays, microwaves, visible light and x-rays are four regions of the electromagnetic
spectrum.
which list shows these four regions in order of increasing wavelength?
a microwaves — visible light > x-rays > gamma-rays
b gamma-rays —> x-rays — visible light > microwaves
c x-rays > gamma-rays > microwaves — visible light
d_ microwaves — visible light — gamma-rays > x-rays

27 to produce a stationary wave, two waves must travel in opposite directions through the same
space.
which statement about the properties of the two waves must also be correct?
a the waves must have equal frequencies, but different speeds and wavelengths.
b_ the waves must have equal speeds, but different wavelengths and frequencies.
c_ the waves must have equal speeds, frequencies and wavelengths.
d_ the waves must have equal wavelengths, but different speeds and frequencies.

28 the speed of sound in air is 330ms™.
which size of architectural features in a large concert hall would best diffract sound waves of
frequency 0.44 khz?
a 1.3mm b 750mm c 7.5m d 17m
ee. ss e—e—e—eeeeeeeeee

29 a double-slit interference pattern using red light of wavelength 7.0 x 10° m has a fringe spacing
of 3.5mm.
which fringe spacing would be observed for the same arrangement of apparatus but using blue
light of wavelength 4.5 x 10-’m?
a 2.3mm b 3.5mm c 54mm d 9.0mm

30 a beam of light of a single wavelength is incident normally on a diffraction grating.
the angle of diffraction @ is measured for each order of diffraction n. the distance between
adjacent slits in the diffraction grating is d.
a graph is plotted to determine the wavelength of the light.
which graph should be plotted and how is the wavelength determined from the graph?
[ers [aris | waveenath |
a n dsing gradient
b n dsingd 1/gradient
cc sind d/n gradient
d sind dxn 1/gradient

31. a particle has a charge of +2.0mc and is in a vertical uniform electric field. an electric force of
1.0 x 10n acts upwards on the particle.
what is the electric field strength?
a 0.20vm“ downwards
b  0.20vm" upwards
c 5.0vm" downwards
d 5.0vm" upwards

32 the diagram shows two parallel metal plates connected to a d.c. power supply through a resistor.

as  } *

there is a uniform electric field in the region between the plates.

which change would cause a decrease in the strength of the electric field?

a asmall increase in the distance between the plates

b  asmall increase in the potential difference between the plates

c asmall increase in the resistance of the resistor

d  asmall increase to the area of both plates

33 awire has a length of 12cm and contains a total of 5.1 x 10” free electrons.
when a potential difference is applied across the ends of the wire, the free electrons move with
an average drift speed of 4.0 x 10®ms™*.
what is the current in the wire?
a 0.0027a b_ 0.0039a c 0.27a d 0.39a

34 a battery is marked 9.0v.

what does this mean?

a each coulomb of charge from the battery supplies 9.0j of electrical energy to the whole
circuit.

b_ the battery supplies 9.0j of electrical energy to an external circuit for each coulomb of
charge.

c_ the potential difference across any component connected to the battery will be 9.0 v.

d_ there will always be a potential difference of 9.0 v across the battery terminals.

35 the diagram shows a circuit containing two batteries connected together.

| 12.0v
1.002 |
——
| 8.0v
050 :
a

what is the current i?

a 2.7a b 4.0a c 80a d 13a

36 the circuit shown includes a cell of constant internal resistance and an external resistor r.
ee
— | —_+-
a student records the ammeter and voltmeter readings. she then connects a second identical
external resistor in parallel with the first external resistor.
what happens to the ammeter reading and to the voltmeter reading?
a decreases decreases
b decreases stays the same
cc increases decreases
d increases stays the same

37 a battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) e and negligible internal resistance is connected to four
resistors of resistances r;, ro, r3 and rg.
i, i,
| “ | ae
=
fy
——

| . | .
the currents i, and j in the resistors are as shown.
which equation is correct?
a 0=1,(ri + ro) + in(r3 + ra)
b 0=1,(ri + re) — in(r3 + ra)
c e= i,(r1 € r2) + i,(r3 + r4)
d e=li, ry + ro) — 1(r3 + rg)

38 in the circuit shown, a potentiometer of total resistance 120q is connected in parallel with a

resistor of resistance 150 q and a resistor of resistance r.

the battery has electromotive force (e.m.f.) 12 v and negligible internal resistance.
1500

=
12v ; 1202
——

r

the voltmeter reads 0 v when the slider of the potentiometer is + of the way from its lower end,

as shown.

what is resistance r?

a 300 b 380 c 500 d 4500

39 a beam of a-particles is incident on a thin gold foil. one a-particle collides head-on with a gold
nucleus and is deflected back along its original path.
which statement could explain why the recoil speed of the gold nucleus is small compared with
the recoil speed of the a-particle?
a_ most a-particles are only slightly deflected as they pass through the gold foil.
b_ the a-particle and the gold nucleus repel each other.
c_ the mass of the gold nucleus is much greater than the mass of the a-particle.
d the momentum of the a-particle decreases as it approaches the gold nucleus.

40 a hadron is composed of three quarks. the hadron has a charge.
what is a possible quark composition of the hadron?
a down, down, up
b_ down, up, strange
cup, strange, strange
d up, up, strange

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