physics

1. what is essential when recording a measurement of a physical quantity?
a_ the measurement has an si unit
b_ the measurement has a unit and a number
c_ the measurement has a unit given as a base unit
d_ the measurement is from an analogue scale

2 the mobility ~ of electrons travelling through a metal conductor can be calculated using the
equation
“(sh
m
where e is the charge on an electron and m is its mass. the average time between the collisions
of an electron with the atoms in the metal is z.
what are the si base units of «?
a akg" b_ as’kg" c askg" d as?kg*

3. an aircraft heads in a direction at an angle @ east of north with a horizontal velocity relative to the
air of 800kmh~. the wind blows with a horizontal velocity of 200 km h-' from east to west, as
shown.

n
not to direction of resultant
scale velocity of aircraft
aircraft velocity relative
to air = 800 kmh“
wind velocity = 200 kmh" d,
w--—e
the resultant velocity of the aircraft is in a direction due north.
what is angle 6 and what is the magnitude of the resultant velocity?
ale resultant
velocity/kmh™
a 14 770
b 14 820
cc 76 770
d 76 820

4 acathode-ray oscilloscope (cro) is used to display a sound wave of frequency 2000 hz.
the display of the cro is shown.
pl st ty ih
—
‘tem:
what is the time-base setting on the cro?
a 125uscm'’ b 250uscm'’ c 500uscm* d 1000yscm*

6 anarcher shoots an arrow at a target. the diagram shows the path of the arrow.
path of arrow
il target
archer
air resistance is negligible.
the graphs show how three different quantities p, q and r vary with time.
0 0 0
0 time 0 time 0 time
which quantity could be the horizontal component of displacement and which quantity could be
the vertical component of displacement of the arrow?
horizontal vertical
component of component of
displacement displacement
a p qd
b qd r
cc r p
d f qd

7  twocars x and y are positioned as shown at time t = 0.
they are travelling in the same direction.
x is 50m behind y and has a constant velocity of 30ms™. y has a constant velocity of 20ms™.
30ims"
see cl
zci ss
‘ =—=6
x
' 20ms*
{ ——+-
© os
¥
what is the value of tf when x is level with y?
a 1.0s b 17s c 25s d 5.0s

8 aconstant resultant force acts on an object in the direction of the object's velocity.
which graph could show the variation with time t of the momentum p of the object?
a b
p p
0 0
0 t 0 t
c d
pp pp
0 0
0 t 0 t

9 which statement must be true for an object in a gravitational field?
a __ if the object has mass then the field causes it to accelerate.
b if the object has mass then the field causes it to have weight.
c_ if the object has weight then the field causes it to accelerate.
d if the object has weight then the field causes it to have mass.

10 a ball of mass 0.16kg is travelling horizontally at a speed of 20ms™".
it collides with a wall and rebounds with a speed of 15ms™ along its original path. the ball is in
contact with the wall for a time of 1.0 ms.
what is the average force exerted by the wall on the ball?
a 800n b 2400n c 3200n d 5600n

11 a uniform solid block is fully submerged in a tank of water.
the dimensions of the block are x and y, as shown.
tt water surface
| - f x i
4
{|
the block is held vertically in the position shown. the density of the block is the same as the
density of the water.
if the block is always held at the same depth d below the surface of the water, which single
change would increase the magnitude of the upthrust force on the block?
a decrease the density of the block
b _ hold the block horizontally
c_ increase dimension y
d increase the density of the block

12 ashelf xy is 0.40m long and is attached to a wall at end x.
it is kept horizontal by a wire attached to y and to the wall, as shown.
wire
~]
x es y
0.40m ,
the tension force in the wire is 15n at an angle of 30° to the horizontal.
what is the moment of this force about point x?
a 3.0nm b 5.2nm c 69nm d 12nm

13 a statement about the principle of moments with some words omitted is shown.

‘for an object in a state of rotational equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise
moments about any point is equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moments
about oe!

which words correctly complete the statement?

a sany point

b_ the centre of gravity of the object

c the pivot

d_ the same point

14 a bird dives to a depth of 1.50m below the surface of a lake. atmospheric pressure is 101 kpa.
the density of water is 1000 kgm™.
what is the pressure at this depth?
a 14.7kpa b  86.3kpa c 103kpa d 116kpa

19 which statement about energy is not correct?
a energy is never lost but it may be transferred between different forms.
b_inan inelastic collision, the total energy is constant.
c_ the efficiency of a system is the ratio of the useful energy output to the total energy input.
d when a machine does work, friction reduces the total energy.

16 a pulley of radius 0.40m supports weights of 20 n and 15n by means of a thin string, as shown.
i.
20n
the weights are moved by slowly rotating the pulley clockwise through an angle of 60°.
what is the increase in the total gravitational potential energy of the weights?
a 0.33j b 2.0j c 2.1j d 15j
lee a

17 acar of mass 1500 kg accelerates from an initial speed of 15ms_. this acceleration causes the
car to gain 3.0 x 10°j of kinetic energy.
what is the change in the speed of the car?
a 54ms* b 10ms* c 20ms" d 25ms"
eee ee

18 acar of mass 1500 kg travels at a constant velocity of 30mmms_ down a slope. [he slope is at an
angle of 6.0° to the horizontal, as shown.
ea constant velocity
mass 1500kg of 30ms'
slope ri
resistive force,
horizontal---------------------------- 00° sei
the magnitude of the total resistive force acting on the car is 2000n.
what is the power output of the car’s engine?
a 14kw b 60kw cc 110kw d 380kw

19 a metal wire, of cross-sectional area a and unstretched length j, is subjected to stress o. as a
result it has strain é.
which expression gives the young modulus of the metal?
a £ bp &a ¢ & p ot
o ol é ea

20 two identical springs are connected in parallel.
a weight of 8.0 n is hung from the combination, as shown.
8 eere
force/n  fleeeeeeeeeech elle
pepe eee eee eee eer |
6 eere
e ge eeeeeeceee eee each
= = peep eee pac
= = eere
= = 4 prey yea
= = eecca
= = feat 7) tl
== pe aeuleresagbed aeearealoe
ss ss ee ciuiaiaiaicl
etat tht
oceeeeee ao cecerr
0 i a a
0 2 4 6 8 10
8.0n length/cm
the graph shows the variation with length of the force applied to one of the springs.
what is the strain energy in one of the springs?
a 0.060j b 0.12j c 0.14j d 0.24j

21 two balls float on the surface of the sea. the balls are separated by a distance of 1.30m.
a wave travels on the surface of the sea so that the balls move vertically up and down.
ball direction of
a travel of wave

| 090m | 3} not to

dp = | scale

1.30m i
the distance between a crest and an adjacent trough of the wave is 0.90 m.
what is the phase difference between the two balls?
a 55° b= 110° c 160° d 260°

22 which statement about transverse or longitudinal waves is not correct?
a longitudinal waves can be used to demonstrate diffraction.
b longitudinal waves can travel in a vacuum.
c_ transverse waves can form stationary waves.
d_ transverse waves can transfer energy.
a

23 aglass tube is closed at one end and has a loudspeaker at the other end.
glass tube
a stationary wave is formed with a node at the closed end of the tube when the sound has
frequency fo. there are no other nodes.
the frequency of the sound is then slowly increased.
what is the frequency of the sound that produces the next stationary wave?
a 1.25f b 1.50f c 2.00f, d 3.00f

24 with which waves can the doppler effect be observed?
a all waves including sound and light
b light waves only
c_ sound and light waves only
d_ sound waves only

25 which radiation could consist of waves of wavelength 0.5 nm?
a y-rays
b_ultraviolet
c visible light
d x-rays

26 a string is fixed between point p and an oscillator m. another string is fixed between m and
point q. m is midway between p and q.
j m é,
p q
4 o a
the frequency of the oscillator is adjusted until a stationary wave is formed on both strings. the
speed of the wave between p and m is twice the speed of the wave between m and q.
which diagram could represent the stationary wave pattern?
a b
m m
pop oooo
cc d
m m

27 a water wave in a ripple tank is diffracted as it passes through a gap in a barrier.
which two factors affect the angle of diffraction of the wave?
a_ the amplitude and frequency of the incident wave
b_ the amplitude of the incident wave and the width of the gap
c_ the wavelength and amplitude of the incident wave
d_ the wavelength of the incident wave and the width of the gap

28 light of wavelength 2 is incident normally on two narrow slits s; and sz, a small distance apart.
bright and dark fringes are observed on a screen a long distance away from the slits.
p
is,
>. screen
wavelength 2
————>—
|s
the nth dark fringe from the central bright fringe is observed at point p on the screen.
which equation is correct for all positive values of n?
a sp-s,p=%4
2
b s2p _ s,p =n
c s.p-s,p=(n- $a
d s,p-s;p=(n+ 4)

29 green light is incident normally on a diffraction grating and forms a diffraction pattern on a distant
screen.
screen
diffraction
grating
———
green_____,
light ——————>- |
seed
which change, on its own, would decrease the separation of the diffraction maxima on the
screen?
a increase the distance between the screen and the diffraction grating.
b_ replace the diffraction grating with a grating that has a smaller separation between the slits.
c_ replace the diffraction grating with a grating that has fewer slits per unit length.
d_ replace the green light with red light.

30 what is meant by electric field strength?
a force per unit charge acting on a small mass
b force per unit charge acting on a small positive charge
c force per unit mass acting on a small mass
d force per unit mass acting on a small positive charge

31 three parallel metal plates of the same area are fixed with a separation of 2.0cm between the top
plate and the middle plate, and 1.0cm between the middle plate and the bottom plate. the top
plate is held at a potential of +500v, the middle plate at +200 v and the bottom plate is earthed,
as shown.

eee +500v
xe
2.0cm
ce +200 0
1.0cm | ve
sa il ov
what is the value of the ratio leeann of force on an electron at x 2
magnitude of force on an electron at y
a 0.75 b 1.00 c 1.25 d 1.50

32 the current j in a wire is given by the equation
i= navq
where n is the number density of the free electrons, a is the cross-sectional area of the wire, v is
the average drift velocity of the free electrons and q is the charge of an electron.
which relationship is not used in the derivation of this equation?
a charge = current x time
b_ distance = speed x time
c number = number density x area
d_ volume = length x area

33 a circuit contains two resistors, p and q, and a power supply of negligible internal resistance, as
shown.
[2s
the current in resistor p is 2.0a and the power dissipated by resistor p is 18 w.
resistor q dissipates 240 j of energy when a charge of 40c passes through it.
what is the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the power supply?
a 3.0v b 6.0v c 9.0v d 15v

34 the j-v characteristics of two electrical components p and q are shown.
2.0 7
iia 1
. zi
0.5 7
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
viv

which statement is correct?
a foracurrent of 0.5a, the power dissipated in q is double that in p.
b- for acurrent of 1.9a, the resistance of q is approximately half that of p.
c_ the resistance of q increases as the current in it increases.
d_ pisa fixed resistor and q is a filament lamp.

35 two copper wires s and t, of equal length, are connected in parallel. wire s has a diameter of
3.0mm. wire t has a diameter of 1.5mm.
a potential difference is applied across the ends of this parallel arrangement.
what is the value of the ratio current in s. ?
current in t
al mil
a 4 b 3 cc 2 d 4

36 what is the circuit symbol for an oscilloscope?
a b cc d
‘om ae —(@)— pr

37 three identical cells, each of electromotive force (e.m.f.) e and internal resistance r, are
connected as shown.
e
x ig
ll e
f
e
current ¥
what is the potential difference between points x and y?
a 0 boe cc 2e d 3e

38 potential differences across two resistors of resistances r; and r2 are compared using a
potentiometer wire (uniform resistance wire) in the electrical circuit shown.
80cm
60cm ‘
potentiometer
wire
r, * rr y
one terminal of a galvanometer is connected to point x. the galvanometer reads zero when its
other terminal is connected to a point that is a distance of 60cm from one end of the
potentiometer wire.
one terminal of a second galvanometer is connected to point y. this galvanometer reads zero
when its other terminal is connected to a point that is a distance of 80cm from the same end of
the potentiometer wire.
. _ ro
what is the ratio — ?
r,
a 2 b 3 c 3 pd 4
3 4 1 3
eoeoeoeoeoeoeoeoeoeoeo~7e7e7z_eeeoeoeoeooeoee—o——eoe~eeoe—ee7eoe eoe oee ee

39 a uranium-238 nucleus, “,,u, undergoes a series of nuclear decays to form uranium-234, “;,u.
which series of decays could give this result?
a_ emission of four 8 particles
b_ emission of four y-rays
c_ emission of one a-particle and two 8 particles
d_ emission of two a-particles and eight 8 particles

40 which combination of up (u) and down (d) quarks forms a proton?
a uuu b uud c udd d ddd

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