physics

4 two cables are attached to a bracket and exert forces as shown.
bracket 15.0n
—-__|20.0" _____- horizontal
| \6.00n
' 40.0°
vertical
what are the magnitudes of the horizontal and vertical components of the resultant of the two
forces?
horizontal vertical
component/n component/n
a 9.73 0.534
b 9.73 10.2
cc 18.0 0.534
d 18.0 10.2

5 the curved line pqr is the velocity—time graph for a car starting from rest.
velocity r
q
pa 3
ote is}
0 5 time/s

what is the average acceleration of the car over the first 5s?
a the area below the curve pq
b the area of the triangle pqs
c_ the gradient of the straight line pq
d_ the gradient of the tangent at q

6 a ball is thrown horizontally with a speed of 10.0ms™ above horizontal ground. the ball hits the
ground after a time of 3.0s.
air resistance is negligible.
what is the speed of the ball just before it hits the ground?
a 10ms™ b 29ms" cc 31ms* d 39ms"

8 water flows out of a pipe and hits a wall.
wall
pipe velocity v
——————
es cross-sectional
_— area a
water
when the jet of water hits the wall, it has horizontal velocity v and cross-sectional area a.
the density of the water is ». the water does not rebound from the wall.
what is the force exerted on the wall by the water?
2
pv pv 2
a — b — c pav d pav
a a pi pp

9 a projectile is launched at an angle above horizontal ground and travels through the air.
projectile x
path of the projectile
ground

the projectile reaches its maximum height at position x. assume that no upthrust acts on the
projectile.

which diagram shows the directions of the force or forces acting on the projectile at position x?

a b cc d

10 what is a statement of the principle of conservation of momentum?
a_ a force is equal to the rate of change of momentum of the object upon which it acts.
b_ ina perfectly elastic collision, the relative momentum of the objects before impact is equal to
their relative momentum after impact.
c the momentum of an object is the product of the mass of the object and its velocity.
d_ the total momentum of a system of interacting objects remains constant, providing no
resultant external force acts on the system.

11. a horizontal wooden plank is pivoted at one end, as shown.
centre of gravity plank
pivot ~ =
i 1
i 4m !
ee a)
: 10m s
the plank has a mass of 100kg and a length of 10m. the centre of gravity of the plank is a
distance of 4m from the pivot.
what is the moment of the weight of the plank about the pivot?
a 4x10°nm b 5x10?’nm cc 4x10°nm = d 5x 10°nm

12 when must an object be in equilibrium?
a when no resultant force acts on the object
b~ when no resultant force and no resultant torque act on the object
c_ when no resultant torque acts on the object
d_ when the upward force on the object is equal and opposite to its weight

13 a uniform diving board is held by two fixed rods at points p and q. a person stands at end r of
the diving board, as shown.
n
rod - q i
prod r
the forces exerted by the rods on the board are vertical. the board remains in equilibrium as the
person slowly moves towards point q from end r.
which row describes the changes to the magnitudes of the forces exerted by the rods on the
board?
[| meee [toot |
a decreases decreases
b decreases increases
cc increases decreases
d increases increases

14 a solid block has sides of length l, 2l and 4l. the block is submerged in water of uniform
density so that the faces with the largest area are horizontal, as shown.
surface of water
(vs
fe gt
' al ‘
the upthrust acting on the block is u.
the block is now rotated to a new position so that the faces with the smallest area are horizontal.
the block remains fully submerged in the water.
what is the upthrust acting on the block in its new position?
u
a a b u c 2u d 4u

15 in a large container in an oil refinery, three oils of different densities are mixed. no chemical
activity occurs.
the mixture consists of:
1200 kg of oil of density 1100kgm~*
1500 kg of oil of density 860 kgm
4000 kg of oil of density 910kgm™.
what is the density of the mixture?
a 927kgm® b 933kgm~° c 957kgm®? d 1045kgm°?

16 a box slides down a rough ramp.
the change in the gravitational potential energy of the box is 16j as it moves between positions
x and y. the box has 24 j of kinetic energy at x and 35 j of kinetic energy at y.
box
x
ramp
¥
how much work is done against the frictional force?
a 5j b 19j c 27j d 43j

1/7 ine total energy supplied to an electric motor is e. energy q is wasted and the remaining energy
does useful work.
what is the efficiency of the motor?
a @ b q\_4 c 1-/2 d (1-q)
e e e e

18 objects with different masses are placed on the horizontal surface of a table. the objects are
then raised to different heights above the table. the gain in gravitational potential energy of each
object is the same.

which graph best shows the variation of the height h of the objects above the table with their
mass m?
a b cc d
h h h h
0 \ 0 0 0
0 i 0 i 0 am 0 ca

19 two wires, p and q, are made from the same metal and hang vertically from a steel girder.
wire q has half the length and twice the diameter of wire p.
identical masses are attached to the bottom of each wire. both wires obey hooke’s law as they
are stretched by the weight of the masses.
what is the ratio extension of wirep
extension of wire q >

a & a 4 é : pd 1

1 1 1 2

20 which statement about elastic and plastic deformation must be correct?
a_ elastic deformation and plastic deformation are proportional to the applied force.
b_ elastic deformation and plastic deformation cause no change in volume.
c_ elastic deformation causes heating of the material but plastic deformation does not.
d_ elastic deformation is reversible but plastic deformation is not.

21 the graph shows the variation with time of the displacement of a particle as a progressive wave
passes.
5
displacement/mm
0
0 10 20
| time/ns
-5
what are the frequency and the amplitude of the wave?
| | frequency /mhz amplitude /mm
a 100 5
b 200 5
cc 100 10
d 200 10

22 the graph shows the variation of the displacement of an air particle with time as a sound wave
passes through air.
displacement |/\\ | | | /\[ | |
i \e | if ta
yi y | vey ft
ot} | | fy ty
of] | ty tt at tp time
| | at a | ty
| | wi 7t tt
| | tnt tiny |
the intensity of the sound is halved while the frequency remains constant.
the four graphs below are drawn to the same scale as the graph above.
which graph shows the displacement of the air particle?
a b
displacement [/\|_ [ai ial iai | displacement| “tn | | | [|
wv ev [7 | nit ff yt
yy fy py yy 7} | t\t tt ty
ol tt j 1 ty yt ov tt ty tt tt
oo |] |e tt tt time of] | | ntt ty time
| | fe tf yy | | | | | wnt ft ty
| wit at tt | | | | tn | yt |
live wwe vt ty | | | | | nva
cc d
displacement| [| | | [| | [| | | displacement{_ | | [ [| | | [ |
| | | | | yt lan] | tant te
izin| | izinnt yt \ | yi
pl lv i fy ty op lv it fy ty tt
oo | ata |] nt yt time oo | \ | f | nt yd time
namen | | at 7 | at
| | | | | | tt | | [nat | in|
[| | tet ttt | | tt te tt

23 which statement is correct?
a_ gases cannot transmit longitudinal waves.
b longitudinal sound waves cannot form stationary waves.
c_ solids can transmit both transverse and longitudinal waves.
d_ transverse waves cannot pass through a vacuum.

24 acar is travelling at a constant velocity directly towards a man standing in the middle of the road.
the driver sounds the cars horn as a warning. the horn emits a sound wave of constant
frequency.

the frequency of the sound heard by the man is different from the frequency of the sound emitted

by the horn.

which statement is correct?

a_ the frequency of the sound emitted by the horn is greater than the frequency of the sound
heard by the man.

b_ the frequency of the sound heard by the man depends on the distance between the car and
the man.

c_ the sound waves continually accelerate as they move from the horn to the man.

d_ the wavelength of the sound heard by the man is less than the wavelength of the sound
emitted by the horn.

25 which statement about electromagnetic waves is correct?
a awave of wavelength 5.0 x 10° m is invisible to the human eye.
b_ they can all travel at different speeds in free space.
c_ they cannot be polarised.
d_ they consist of vibrating atoms.

26 a stationary wave is set up on a string that is stretched between two fixed points that are 48cm
apart.
at one instant, the appearance of the string is as shown.
fixed point “— ne ™ fixed point
what is the wavelength of the stationary wave?
a 16cm b 32cm c 48cm d 72cm

27 a pipe, closed at one end, has a loudspeaker at the open end. for some frequencies of sound
from the loudspeaker, a stationary sound wave is formed in the air within the pipe with an
antinode at the open end of the pipe.

0.85m
| ee
the length of the pipe is 0.85 m.
the speed of sound in air is 340ms™.
which frequency of sound from the loudspeaker would not produce a stationary wave?
a 100hz b 200hz c 300hz d 500hz

28 water waves of wavelength j are incident normally on an obstacle with a narrow gap. the width
of the gap is equal to 1. the waves from the gap emerge over an angle @, as shown.
4 !

‘ a
incident ) \y emerging
water waves # water waves

the gap is slowly widened.
which changes, if any, occur to @ and to the wavelength of the emerging waves?

a decreases remains the same

b increases remains the same

cc remains the same decreases

d remains the same increases

29 light of a single frequency passes through two narrow slits and produces an interference pattern
on a screen some distance away. the interference fringes are very close together.
which change would increase the distance between the fringes?
a increase the brightness of the light source.
b_ increase the distance between the slits and the screen.
c_ increase the distance between the two slits.
d increase the frequency of the light used.

30 light of wavelength 5.4 x 10°’ m is incident normally on a diffraction grating.
the separation between adjacent lines in the grating is 2.0 x 10-°m. the light that emerges from
the grating falls on a semicircular screen, as shown in the view from above.
screen
diffraction grating
light,
wavelength 5.4 x 10-7m
view from above
the grating is at the centre of the semicircle, and the lines of the grating are vertical.
how many bright dots are formed on the screen?
a 3 b 4 cc 6 d7
ss  —————  ———— ee eee ——— n=

31 a straight copper wire of diameter 0.42 x 10~m has a number density of free electrons of
8.5 x 10°°m™. in a given time interval, a charge of 0.15 c moves through the wire.
what is the average displacement of the free electrons along the wire in this time interval?
a 33x10°m b 2.0x10°m c 80x10°m d 2.5x10*m

32 what is the definition of the potential difference (p.d.) across a component?
a the electrical power supplied to the component
b_ the energy transferred to the component per unit charge
c the product of the current in the component and its resistance
d_ the voltage across the component

33 the graph shows the j—v characteristic for a semiconductor diode.
ly
v
which statement can be deduced from the graph?
a_ above a certain positive potential difference the diode obeys ohm’s law.
b current is directly proportional to potential difference when the current in the diode is in one
direction.
c_ the diode has zero resistance when the current in the diode is in one direction.
d_ the resistance of the diode depends upon the potential difference across it.

34 a wire has a resistance of 309. a second wire is made from the same material, has the same
mass and is three times as long as the first wire.
what is the resistance of the second wire?
a 109 b 300 cc 9002 d 27002

35 a cell has internal resistance r and electromotive force (e.m.f.) e. the cell is connected in series

with an ammeter and a variable resistor of resistance r.

| &

' r '

[i

| |
r

when r is 10q the ammeter reads 0.3a.
when ris 5q the ammeter reads 0.4a.
what is the value of e?
a 0.5v b 2v c 3v d 6v

36 the sum of the currents entering a junction in an electrical circuit is always equal to the sum of
the currents leaving the junction.
why is this?
a_ lt is a consequence of the conservation of charge.
blt is a consequence of the conservation of electromotive force.
c_itis a consequence of the conservation of energy.
d_ it is a consequence of the conservation of potential difference.

37 in the circuits shown, the temperature remains constant.
in which circuit does the potential difference (p.d.) v increase with increasing light intensity?
a b
va
on | + |
cc d
x
x vv vv
4

38 carbon-14 decays into nitrogen-14 by emitting a b particle.

which statement explains why the b particles are emitted with a range of different kinetic

energies?

a the carbon-14 nuclei have slightly different masses.

b_ the emitted b particles have a range of different masses.

c_ the energy released in the decay process is different for each carbon-14 nucleus that
decays.

d_ the energy released in the decay process is shared between the nitrogen-14 nucleus, a
b particle and an antineutrino.

39 a nucleus of a radioactive element emits an a-particle, then a b particle and then another
b particle.
which statement describes the final element that is produced?
a itis a different element of higher proton number than the original element.
b itis a different element of lower nucleon number than the original element.
c itis an isotope of the original element.
d_itis the same element as the original element but with a different proton number.
ii eeeeeeee—s

40 how many hadrons, baryons and mesons are there in a nucleus of ,be?
[restore [avons [mesons
a 9 4 5
b 9 5 4
cc 9 9 0
d 13 9 0

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