physics

4 an object is moving with an initial velocity of 4.0ms™ to the right. the velocity of the object
changes so that its final velocity is 3.0 ms~* downwards, as shown.
initial velocity final velocity
4.0ms" 3.0ms"
@—____—-- o

which arrow represents the change in velocity of the object?

a b

cc d

5 acar travels anticlockwise along a horizontal circular road of radius 12m, as shown.

the car takes a time of 4.0s to move from position p to position q.

direction of

travel of car

p
road
q

what is the magnitude of the average velocity of the car for the journey from p to q?
a 42ms" b 47ms" c 6.0ms™ d 14ms‘

6 the water surface in a deep well is 78.0m below the top of the well. a person at the top of the
well drops a heavy stone down the well.
air resistance is negligible. the speed of sound in the air is 330ms™".
what is the time interval between the person dropping the stone and hearing it hitting the water?
a 3.75s b 3.99s c 4.19s d 4.22s

8 acchild of mass 20kg stands on the rough surface of a sledge of mass 40kg. the sledge can
slide on a horizontal frictionless surface.
one end of a rope is attached to the sledge. the rope passes around a fixed frictionless pole,
and the other end of the rope is held by the child, as shown.
; frictionless
(2 horizontal rope pole
frictionless surface
the rope is horizontal. the child pulls on the rope with a horizontal force of 12n. this causes the
child and the sledge to move with equal acceleration towards the pole.
what is the frictional force between the child and the sledge?
a 4.0n b_ 6.0n c 8.0n d 12n

9 a stone s and a foam rubber ball r are identical spheres of equal volume. they are released
from rest at time t = 0 and fall vertically through the air. both reach terminal velocity.
which graph best shows the variation with time t of the speed v of the stone and of the rubber
ball?
a b cc d
v r v ss vv v s
rand s
r
ss r

10 two balls x and y are moving towards each other with speeds of 5ms* and 15ms“‘
respectively.
) 5ms* — }
x ¥
they make a perfectly elastic head-on collision and ball y moves to the right with a speed
of 7ms™.
what is the speed and direction of ball x after the collision?
a 3ms*‘ to the left
b 13ms"' to the left
c 3ms" to the right
d 13ms"‘ to the right

11 two forces form a couple.
which statement describes the two forces?
a they are in the same direction.
b_ they are perpendicular to each other.
c_ they have the same magnitude.
d_ they pass through the same point.

12 a uniform rod is attached by a hinge at one end to a wall. the other end of the rod is supported
by a wire so that the rod is horizontal and in equilibrium.
wire
wall
_.
hinge
rod
which arrow shows the direction of the force on the rod from the hinge?
a b cc d

13 adiving board of length 5.0m is hinged at one end and supported 2.0 m from this end by a spring
of spring constant 10knm*. a child of mass 40 kg stands at the far end of the board.
mass of child
40kg
diving board
i 2.0m i
spring hinge }
' i
5.0m ‘
what is the extra compression of the spring caused by the child standing on the end of the
board?
a 1.0cm b 1.6cm c 98cm d 16cm

14 agranite rock at the surface of the earth has density ». the rock is transported to the surface of
another planet.
the acceleration of free fall on the surface of the other planet is twice that on the surface of the
earth.
what is the density of the rock on the other planet?
a 0.5p bp c 2p d 4p

19 a closed u-shaped tube contains a stationary liquid of density . one side of the tube contains a
gas at pressure p, and the other side contains a gas at pressure p2, as shown.
ee gas,
pressure p,
gas, z}
pressure p, ae
x gees
liquid, density p
the acceleration of free fall is g.
which equation is correct?
a pi=pgy
b po = pg(x- z)
c pi—p2= pgly-z)
d pi + p2= pgx

16 which product of two quantities is equal to power?
a force x distance
b force x velocity
c_ work done x time
d_ work done x velocity

17 researchers have developed a new type of filament lamp with an efficiency of 40%. old-type
filament lamps have an efficiency of 5.0%. the two types of lamp produce the same useful output
power.

what isthe ratio input power to new type of lamp 2
input power to old type of lamp
a 0.13 b 0.63 cc 1.6 d 8.0

18 a student attempts to derive the formula for kinetic energy ex. she begins by considering an
object of mass m which is initially at rest. a constant force f applied to the object causes it to
accelerate to final velocity v in displacement s. the kinetic energy gained by the object is equal to
the work done on the object by the force f.

which equation would the student not need in order to derive the formula for ex?
a f=ma b w=fs c e=1fs d v?=u?+2as
lee

19 a metal wire obeys hooke’s law and has a young modulus of 2.0 x 10° pa. the wire has an
original length of 1.6m and a diameter of 0.48 x 10°m.
what is the spring constant of the wire?
a 7.2x10°nm"'
b 2.3x10*nm"™
cc 2.9x10*nm*
d 9.0x 10*nm"*

20 aire is being stretched by a tensile force.
which statement about the elastic limit must be correct?
a _ the deformation is plastic after the elastic limit has been reached.
b_ the deformation is plastic until the elastic limit is reached.
c_ the extension is proportional to the tensile force after the elastic limit has been reached.
d_ the extension is proportional to the tensile force until the elastic limit is reached.

21 which statement is correct for all types of progressive wave?
a_ the distance from a peak to the next trough is equal to a wavelength.
b_ they can be demonstrated in ripple tanks.
c_ they consist of vibrating atoms.
d_ they transfer energy from one position to another.

22 a transverse water wave is moving along the surface of some water. this causes a ball to move
vertically without moving horizontally as it floats upon the surface. at one instant, the ball is at the
position shown.

ball
0.70m
not to nf nn ly. direction of
scale ! wave travel
24m

the wave has a frequency of 0.20 hz and an amplitude of 0.70m. the distance between a trough
and an adjacent peak is 2.4m.
what is the distance travelled by the ball in a time of 20s?
a 5.6m b 9.6m cc 11.2m d 19.2m

23 a sound wave travels trom leit to rignt across a room. ihe variation with distance across the
room of the displacement of the air molecules at one instant is shown.
at which distance will the air pressure be lowest?
displacement
right
0
a distance from left-hand
left end of room

24 a source emits a sound wave of a single frequency. the doppler effect causes a different
frequency of sound to be heard by a stationary observer.
what is a requirement for the doppler effect to occur?
a asource that is moving as it produces the sound wave
basource that produces a polarised sound wave
c_ asource that produces a sound wave of changing amplitude
d asource that produces a sound wave of changing frequency

25 an electromagnetic wave in free space has a frequency of 2.5 x 10“ hz.
which region of the electromagnetic spectrum includes this frequency?
a infrared
b_ microwave
c ultraviolet
d x-ray

26 two polarising filters are placed next to each other so that their planes are parallel.
the first polarising filter has its transmission axis at an angle of 50° to the vertical.
the second polarising filter has its transmission axis at an angle of 20° to the vertical. the angle
between the transmission axes of the two polarising filters is 30°.
na beam of vertically polarised light of intensity 8.0 w m7 is incident normally on the first polarising
ilter.
what is the intensity of the light that is transmitted from the second polarising filter?
a zero b 2.5wm* cc 2.9wm? d 6.0wm?

27 astationary wave on a stretched string is set up between two points p and t.
q ss
p gee
— 4 =e
vibrator
which statement about the stationary wave is correct?
a point ris at a node.
b_ points q and s vibrate in phase.
c_ the distance between p and t is three wavelengths.
d_ the wave transfers energy from p to t.

28 a bar vibrates with frequency f to produce water waves in a ripple tank.
bar vibrating
with frequency “| |
barrier with
gap of width x
the waves pass through a gap of width x in a barrier so that diffraction occurs.
which combination of vibration frequency and gap width will produce the smallest angle of
diffraction?
vibration .
f x
a ue x
2 2
b f 2x
2
c 2f x,
2
d 2f 2x

29 an outdoor concert has two large speakers beside the stage for broadcasting music.
in order to test the speakers, they are made to emit sound of the same wavelength and the same
amplitude.

the curved lines in the diagram represent wavefronts.
where is the loudest sound heard?
ae
zx
lpo
ff
zasinn\h
(een
stage

30 the equation
az dsing
n
is used to calculate the wavelength 4 of light in an experiment that uses a diffraction grating. the
light from the diffraction grating is displayed on a screen.
what do the symbols n and d represent?
a
a number of slits in the grating distance between adjacent slits in the grating
b number of slits in the grating distance from grating to screen
cc order of intensity maximum distance between adjacent slits in the grating
d order of intensity maximum distance from grating to screen

31 the diagram shows a metal block.
sn
i £
cc os
la
a a
: b |
the block has sides of length a, b and c as shown, and its volume is v. each charge carrier has a
charge —q and the number density of the charge carriers in the metal is n. it takes each charge
carrier an average time of f to pass through the block.
what is an expression for the current i?
a i=ngabe b r= mt cc r= "ae d i=ngav

32 the circuit diagrams show two lamps x and y each connected to a cell. the current in lamp x is
0.50a and its resistance is 9.6q. the current in lamp y is 3.0a and its resistance is 1.2.
0.50a 3.0a
lamp x lamp y
9.60 1.20
what is the ratio power inlamp &. 2
power inlamp y
a 0.22 b 0.75 cc 1.3 d 45

33 the intensity of light incident on a light-dependent resistor (ldr) is increased. the temperature
of a thermistor is increased. in each case, the current in the component is maintained at a
constant value.

what happens to the potential difference across each component?
[tok [termi

a increases increases

b increases decreases

cc decreases increases

d decreases decreases

34 an iron wire has length 8.0m and diameter 0.50 mm. the wire has resistance r.
a second iron wire has length 2.0m and diameter 1.0mm.
what is the resistance of the second wire?
a = pe e 2 dr
16 8 2

35 a cell with constant electromotive force (e.m.f.) is connected across a fixed resistor. over time,
the internal resistance of the cell increases.
which change occurs as the internal resistance of the cell increases?
a adecrease in the charge of each charge carrier
b  adecrease in the potential difference measured across the cell
c_anincrease in the energy dissipated per unit time in the fixed resistor
d_anincrease in the number of charge carriers leaving the cell per unit time

36 kirchhoffss first and second laws are consequences of the conservation of different quantities.
what are those quantities?
kirchhoff's kirchhoffs
first law second law
a charge energy
b energy current
cc current charge
d energy charge

37 a potentiometer circuit is used to determine the electromotive force (e.m.f.) ex of a cell. the
circuit includes a second cell of known e.m.f. eo and negligible internal resistance, and a uniform
resistance wire pq of known length.

ex is less than ep.
the movable connection j can be positioned anywhere along the length of the resistance wire.
which circuit is suitable for determining ex?

a b

e, ex
p a q p a q

ey e,
cc d
e, ex
j |
pb 7 q p q
ex e,

38 in an experiment on a-particle scattering, a-particles are directed at a thin gold foil. most of the
a-particles pass straight through the foil or are deflected by a small angle. a small number of
a-particles are deflected by a large angle.

which statement cannot be deduced from this experiment?

a atoms are mostly empty space.

b_ most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.

c_ the nucleus of an atom contains protons.

d_ the nucleus of an atom is small compared to the size of an atom.

39 four nuclei are represented below.
me jg im  43q
which statement about these nuclei is correct?
a anuncharged atom of element q has 24 orbital electrons.
b_ nuclei g and m are isotopes of the same element.
c when e absorbs a neutron and then emits an a-particle, e transforms into m.
d when m emits a b particle, m transforms into q.

40 a neutron is composed of one up (u) quark and two down (d) quarks. when a neutron decays to
a proton, a beta-particle is emitted.
what is the change in the quark structure of the neutron due to the emission of the beta-particle?
(the symbol for a neutrino is v. and for an antineutrino is ve »)
a d>utfb + ve
bd>u+pty,
cu vrdtfp ty
du >rd+pty

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