physics

5 a toy car travels on a circular track at a constant speed of 0.50ms"*. it passes a point on the
track at time t= 0 and takes a time of 40s to travel once around the track.
the magnitude of the average velocity of the car between t = 0 and f= 20s is v9.
the magnitude of the average velocity of the car between t = 0 and f= 40s is vo.
what are v29 and v40?
[meine [vane
a 0.32 0
b 0.32 0.32
cc 0.50 0
d 0.50 0.50

6 [he graph snows how the velocity v of an object moving in a straight line varies with time f trom
t=otot=t.
v
0 t
0 v
which graph could represent the displacement s of the object from time t = 0 to t= t?
a b
s ss
0 t
0 t
. |
0 7
cc d
s s
0 t 0 t
0 t 0 t

7 a goods train passes through a station at a steady speed of 10ms™' at time t = 0. an express
train is at rest at the station. the express train leaves the station with a uniform acceleration of
0.5ms~ just as the goods train goes past. both trains move in the same direction on straight,
parallel tracks.

at which time t does the express train overtake the goods train?
a 6s b 10s c 20s d 40s

8 aconstant resultant force f acts on an object of mass m for time t.
what is the change in momentum of the object?
ae p # c ft pb =
t m mt

9 the acceleration of free fall on the surface of planet p is one-tenth of that on the surface of
planet q.
on the surface of p, an object has a mass of 1.0kg and a weight of 1.0 n.
what are the mass and the weight of the same object on the surface of planet q?
| [mass on gig | weishton on |
a 1.0 0.1
b 1.0 10
cc 10 10
d 10 100

10 a parachutist falls from rest from a balloon. the variation with time of the vertical velocity of the
parachutist is shown.
in which region is the force due to air resistance much greater than the weight of the parachutist?
vertical b
velocity
d
0
0 time

11 two solid spheres form an isolated system. sphere x moves with speed 6cms™ in a straight line

directly towards a stationary sphere y, as shown.

sphere x sphere y

(? 6cms"

xq“ q

the spheres have a perfectly elastic collision. after the collision, sphere x moves with speed
2cms" in the same direction as before the collision.
what is the speed of sphere y?
a 2cms* b 4cms™ cc 6cms" d 8cms"

12 what is not a necessary requirement of the forces in a couple?
a_ they act in opposite directions.
b_ they act along different lines.
c_ they have the same magnitude.
d_ they produce a resultant force.

13 a box of length 12cm and weight 0.43 n is placed on a horizontal table, with the greater part of its
length overhanging the edge of the table. the edge of the table acts as a pivot. the centre of
gravity of the box is at its geometric centre.

to balance the box, a uniform sphere of diameter 2.4m is placed inside the box, touching one
end, as shown.
' 12cm i
box
2.4cm
; } sphere
nwa
edge of table (pivot) table
assume that the forces acting on the box are in the plane of the diagram.
what is the minimum mass of the sphere that is needed to maintain the system in equilibrium?
a 0.066 kg b 0.13kg c 0.22kg d = 1.3kg

14 an object is suspended by two ropes. one rope has a tension of 410n at an angle of 60° to the
horizontal. the other rope has a tension of 210n at an angle of 10° to the horizontal.
410n
ropes
60° 210n
erased tae ae)
object

the object is in equilibrium.
what is the mass of the object?
a 40kg b 42kg c 390kg d 410kg

15 a solid cube is floating in equilibrium in liquid mercury. the cube is made of iron of density
7900 kgm.
the cube floats with 42% of its volume above the surface of the mercury.
what is the density of the mercury?
a 3300kgm°
b 4600kgm*
c 14000kgm*
d 19000kgm°?

16 the diagram shows two vessels, p and q, both with sides inclined at 45° to the horizontal.
vessel p vessel q
vessel p tapers outwards and vessel q tapers inwards, as shown.
both vessels contain a liquid. the depth of the liquid in the vessels is the same. the liquid in
vessel p is twice as dense as the liquid in vessel q.
what is the ratio pressure due to the liglck on the base of p 2
pressure due to the liquid on the base of q

a 2 a v2 ct » 1

1 1 a2 2

17 a motor is used to lift a load vertically upwards.
the load has weight w.
the motor produces useful power output p.
the load is lifted at constant velocity v.
which expression gives the time taken for the motor to lift the load vertically upwards through a
distance d?
a a ww co wa (fe
wd p p ww

18 a lamp is switched on for 2.0 hours. the power input to the lamp is 1.0w. the energy given out
by the lamp as light is 7.0 x 10°j.
how much energy is converted to other forms by the lamp?
a 120j b 200j c 3400j d 7200j

19 an object of mass m is dropped onto the surface of two planets, x and y, which have no
atmosphere.
the height from which the object is dropped and the change in gravitational potential energy of
the object, for each planet, are given in the table.
height/m change in gravitational
potential energy
planet x 3 ae
planet y 4 4ae
the acceleration of free fall near the surface of planet x is gx.
what is the acceleration of free fall near the surface of planet y?
a 3a b 40x c 3gx d 49x

20 a known tensile force acts on a metal wire. the wire does not exceed its limit of proportionality.
which two measurements enable the strain of the wire to be calculated?
a the unstretched length of the wire and the cross-sectional area of the wire
b_ the unstretched length of the wire and the extension of the wire
c the young modulus of the metal and the extension of the wire
d_ the young modulus of the metal and the unstretched length of the wire

21 awire is extended by different forces. the wire obeys hooke’s law.
a graph is plotted to show the variation of a quantity y with a quantity x.
y
0
0 x
what could x and y represent?
ee ee ee
a elastic potential energy extension
b extension force
cc force extension
d extension elastic potential energy

22 a wave pulse moves along a stretched rope in the direction shown.
ee el
—f es
which diagram shows the variation with time t of the displacement s of the particle p in the rope?
a b
ss ss
0 0
| , | ,
cc d
is ss
0 0
| , | ,

23 which statement about progressive transverse and longitudinal waves is correct?
a particles in a transverse wave have fixed equilibrium positions but those in longitudinal
waves do not.
b_ transverse waves can be polarised but longitudinal waves cannot.
c_ transverse waves transfer energy but longitudinal waves do not.
d  two-source interference can be demonstrated with transverse waves but not with
longitudinal waves.

24 a miniature loudspeaker, initially at rest, falls vertically from a window in a high building. when
the speaker has fallen a distance of 10.0m, it emits a very short pulse of sound of constant
frequency 256 hz in all directions. the pulse of sound, travelling at a speed of 330ms", is heard
by a person leaning out of the window.

air resistance is negligible.
what is the frequency of the pulse of sound heard by the person?
a 246hz b 249hz c 267hz d 313hz

25 two electromagnetic waves have wavelengths of 5.0 x 10™'m and 5.0 x 10m in a vacuum.
which row identifies the regions of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the waves belong?

wavelength wavelength
5.0 x 10-’m 5.0 x 10m

a ultraviolet infrared

b visible microwave

cc ultraviolet microwave

d visible infrared

26 the wavelength of sound in air may be determined by using stationary waves.
in one experiment, a loudspeaker produces a sound wave of constant frequency which is
reflected directly back along its original path by a metal plate approximately 1m away. a
microphone connected to a cathode-ray oscilloscope (cro) is moved between the loudspeaker
and plate to identify regions of high sound intensity (‘loud’ spots) and low sound intensity (‘quiet’
spots).
the wavelength of the sound is determined using the least possible number of measured
quantities.
which row shows the quantities that are needed?
frequency mean separation speed of sound
of sound of ‘quiet’ spots in air
a v v x key
b v x v v= needed
cc v x x x = not needed
d x v x

27 two progressive waves meet at a fixed point p. the variation with time of the displacement of
each wave at point p is shown.
2 —
a wn
| put tta tt tl
displacement peeps a
4 prey i all gi. ic id i ga) gg ial ppa
/om haan
baceeeeecerreeeeeereeeeeeee peele eee
plcc seera
chotto2 shon tos oe 078 8
a oa 08 of 07
phi asi tits ihunnanit ahaa
scrhtiessaieeeanoctins ecaiteeorcatit
— 9 erreeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eee ee nse eere th
the two waves superpose at point p.
what is the resultant displacement at time 0.38 s?
a +1.0cm b -1.0cm cc +1.8cm d -1.8cm

28 in which situation does diffraction occur?
a awave bounces back from a surface.
b  awave passes from one medium into another.
c awave passes through a gap in a barrier.
d waves from two identical sources are superposed.

29 light of a single frequency is incident on a pair of narrow slits that are a distance of 0.10mm
apart. a series of bright and dark fringes is observed on a screen a distance of 2.0m away. the
distance between adjacent bright fringes is 8.0 mm.

screen
| silts second-order dark fringe
light ra oe
ee a sen zero-order bright fringe
| }+~distance between
2.0m bright fringes = 8.0mm
not to scale
what is the path difference of the light waves from the two slits that meet at the second-order
dark fringe?
a 2.0x10’m
b 4.0x10’m
c 6.0x 107m
d 8.0x10%m

30 red light of a single wavelength passes through a diffraction grating. bright dots are formed ona
screen, as shown.
screen
the red light is replaced with white light.
which diagram, drawn to the same scale, shows a possible pattern of bright light on the screen?
°
° po
° -----
°

31 a nichrome wire has a resistance of 15q and a diameter of 3.0mm. the number density of the
free electrons in nichrome is 9.0 x 107 m°.
a potential difference (p.d.) of 6.0 v is applied between the ends of the wire.
what is the average drift speed of the free electrons in the wire?
a 98x10’ms"
b 3.9x10°%ms"
c 6.1x10%ms"™
d 2.5x10°ms"

32 the diagrams show two different circuits.
r r r
the cells in each circuit have the same electromotive force (e.m.f.) and negligible internal
resistance. the three resistors each have the same resistance r.
in the circuit on the left, the power dissipated in the resistor is p.
what is the total power dissipated in the circuit on the right?
a - bp cp d 2p
4 2

33 the potential difference (p.d.) across a filament lamp is increased.
which statement is correct?
a the resistance of the lamp decreases because the temperature decreases.
b_ the resistance of the lamp decreases because the temperature increases.
c_ the resistance of the lamp increases because the temperature decreases.
d_ the resistance of the lamp increases because the temperature increases.

34 a metal wire has resistance r.
the wire is stretched so that its diameter decreases to 94.0% of the original diameter.
the volume of the wire is unchanged.
what is the resistance of the stretched wire?
a 1.06r b 1.13r c 1.20r d 1.28r

35 the diagram shows a cell of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 3.0v and internal resistance 4.7q
connected across a lamp. the lamp has a resistance of 9.3.q.
| 3.0v
' 4.7q !
9.30
what is the power dissipated by the internal resistance of the cell?
a 0.22w b 0.43w c 0.64w d 1.0w

36 a circuit consists of a battery, a high-resistance voltmeter and four fixed resistors, as shown. the

battery has an electromotive force (e.m.f.) of 15.0 v and negligible internal resistance.

15.0v

i ~

24.00 6.0q
son © son
[| [|

what is the reading on the voltmeter?
a 3.0v b 6.0v c 9.0v d 12.0v

37 a potential divider circuit is designed to detect the difference in temperature between two different

places.

x

20mv

¥
the cell has electromotive force (e.m.f.) 20mv and negligible internal resistance.
initially, thermistors x and y are at the same temperature and have the same resistance. the
voltmeter reads 10 mv. x is then placed in a cold environment and its resistance doubles. y is
placed in a warm environment and its resistance halves.
what is the new reading on the voltmeter?
a 4mv b 5mvv c 15mv d 16mv

38 in the a-particle scattering experiment, a beam of a-particles is aimed at a thin gold foil. most of
the a-particles go straight through or are deflected by a small angle. a very small proportion are
deflected by more than 90°, effectively rebounding towards the source of the a-particles.

which conclusion about the structure of atoms cannot be drawn from this experiment alone?
a most of the atom is empty space.

b_ most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.

c_ the nucleus contains both protons and neutrons.

d_ the nucleus is charged.

39 which two particles have opposite charges?
a _alpha-particle and helium nucleus
b_antiproton and beta-plus particle
c_beta-minus particle and electron
d positron and proton

40 which particle is a lepton?
a meson
b positron
c proton
d quark

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