physics

5 a stone is projected horizontally at time t= 0 and falls. air resistance is negligible. the stone has
a horizontal component of velocity vy and a vertical component of velocity w.
which graph shows how wy, and w vary with time t?
a b
velocity vy velocity vp
vu ww
0 0
0 t 0 t
cc yw d
velocity vy velocity vy
\
0 0
) t 0 t

6 on the earth, an object takes time /¢ to fall trom rest througn a vertical distance h.
on the moon, the same object takes time ty to fall from rest through the same vertical distance h.
the ratio acceleration of free fall on the earth is equal to 6
acceleration of free fall on the moon .
air resistance is negligible for the object on the earth and on the moon.
, . te
what is the ratio —?
tu
a 1 g c v6 d 6
6 v6

7 a cyclist in still air pedals as hard as she can. she reaches a maximum speed. however, after a
certain time her maximum speed increases.
what could be a possible cause for this?
a_ she cycles into a wind.
b- she cycles over rougher ground.
c_ she sits more upright on the bicycle.
d_ she starts to travel downhill.

8 a ball of mass 0.5kg hits a vertical wall at a speed of 12ms™. it bounces back along its original
path with a speed of 8ms™’. the collision lasts for 0.10.
@ 12ms
8ms" @ |
what is the average force on the ball due to the collision?
a 0.2n b 1n c 20n d 100n

9 anair bubble in a tank of water is rising with terminal (constant) velocity. the forces acting on the

bubble are x, y and z, as shown.

x

velocity
air bubble

¥

zz
the upthrust on the bubble is x.
which statement about the forces is correct?
a zis the viscous force on the bubble, y is the weight of the bubble and x = y + z.
b_ zi the viscous force on the bubble, y is the weight of the bubble and x > y + z.
c_ zis the weight of the bubble, y is the viscous force on the bubble and x = y + z.
d_ zis the weight of the bubble, y is the viscous force on the bubble and x > y + z.

10 two blocks are at rest on a frictionless horizontal surface. one block is made of wood and the
other block is made of steel.
a steel ball is fired horizontally with a speed v at the wooden block. the ball embeds itself in the
block, and the ball and block move together after impact.
a second identical steel ball is fired horizontally with speed v at the steel block. the steel ball
then rebounds back along its original path with speed re
before impact after impact
oy set |
m
vv 2
ote ~o [aa |
the wooden block and the steel block have equal mass.
which statement about the blocks immediately after the collisions is correct?
a_ both blocks must travel with the same speed.
b_ the steel block must travel faster than the wooden block.
c_ the wooden block must travel faster than the steel block.
d_ the masses of the blocks and the steel ball are needed to determine which block travels
faster.

11. which diagram shows a couple formed by two forces, each of magnitude f, acting on a rod?
a b f
f p p
cc 4 d
f f

12 a student states that:

‘if an object is in equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moments about a point x is equal
to the sum of the anticlockwise moments about a point y.’

which condition would make the student’s statement correct?

a either x or y is the centre of gravity of the object.

b_ either x or y is the pivot of the object.

c xand y are at opposite ends of the object.

d xand y are the same point on the object.

13 a uniform rod of length 30cm and weight 5.2 n is attached to a wall by a hinge at one end.
the other end of the rod is supported by a wire so that the rod is horizontal and in equilibrium.
the wire is at an angle of 40° to the horizontal.

wire
wall
.
rod
40°7\
rr rs
hinge 30cm "
what is the tension in the wire?
a 3.4n b 4.0n c 6.8n d 8.1n

14 waiter is pumped through a nozzle at the end of a hose. the nozzle has a circular cross-section
of diameter 50mm. a mass of 100kg of water takes a time of 2.0s to move through the nozzle.
the density of water is 1000 kgm™.

what is the speed of the water in the nozzle?
a 64ms"‘ b 13ms™ cc 25ms* d 51ms‘

15 a solid wooden cube rests on a horizontal surface.
what gives the pressure exerted by the weight of the cube on the horizontal surface?
a the product of the acceleration of free fall and the density of the cube
b the product of the acceleration of free fall, the density and the side length of the cube
c the product of the acceleration of free fall, the density and the area of one face of the cube
d_ the product of the acceleration of free fall, the density and the volume of the cube

16 which expression could be used to calculate power?

xn (current)?

resistance
b force x displacement

time
c current x (resistance)?
d weight
time

17 a bungee jumper jumps from a platform and is decelerated by an elastic bungee cord, as shown.
platform bungee
i [ jumper
bungee cord bungee
cord
round ——______. round ——______.
a not to a
before jumping scale during the jump

when the jumper makes the jump, his initial gravitational potential energy is converted into his
kinetic energy and into elastic potential energy in the cord.
at which part of the jump are all three types of energy non-zero?
a_ onthe platform before the jump
bon the way down before the cord has started to extend
c_ onthe way down as he decelerates
d_ atthe bottom of the jump when he is stationary

18 an object is displaced horizontally to the right in a uniform vertical gravitational field.
which statement describes the change in the gravitational potential energy of the object?
a it decreases in direct proportion to the displacement.
b_ it does not change with the displacement.
c_itincreases in direct proportion to the displacement.
d_itincreases in direct proportion to the square of the displacement.

19 a copper wire of length 3.6m and diameter 1.22mm is stretched by a force of 37n. the wire
obeys hooke’s law. the young modulus of copper is 1.17 x 10"' pa.
which extension is caused by this force?
a 0.24mm b 0.76mm c 0.97mm d 3.1mm

20 a spring has spring constant k. [he spring obeys hooke's law and experiences extension x when
a force f is applied to it. the resulting elastic potential energy of the spring is ep.
the diagram shows two of these springs joined together in parallel and hanging from a fixed
beam.
spring
f
what is the extension and total elastic potential energy of this arrangement when the same
force f is applied?
‘ total elastic
extension :
potential energy
a $x 4ep
b 5x +e
cc x +e
d x +ep

21 the diagram shows a transverse wave on a rope. the wave is travelling from left to right.
at the instant shown, the points p and q on the rope have zero displacement and maximum
displacement respectively.

q
fi fo
direction of wave
ol

which row describes the direction of motion, if any, of the points p and q at this instant?
[teint [pot

a downwards stationary

b stationary downwards

cc stationary upwards

d upwards stationary

22 the period of an electromagnetic wave in a vacuum is 1.0ns.
what are the frequency and wavelength of the wave?
| | frequency/hz wavelength/m
a 1.0 3.0 x 108
b 1.0 x 10° 300
c 1.0 x 10° 0.30
d 1.0 x 10” 3.0 x 10

23 an observer is standing on a railway platform. a train passes the observer at constant speed

while emitting sound of constant frequency f from its whistle.

what does the observer hear?

a_ sound of a decreasing frequency as the train approaches and of an increasing frequency as
it moves away

b_ sound of a higher frequency than f as the train approaches and of a lower frequency than f
as the train moves away

c_ sound of a lower frequency than f as the train approaches and of a higher frequency than f
as the train moves away

d_ sound of an increasing frequency as the train approaches and as it moves away

24 which microorganisms have a length that is equal to the wavelength in free space of an
electromagnetic wave that is visible to the human eye?
a algae of length 0.5 um
b bacteria of length 5.0 um
c fungi of length 50 um
d protozoa of length 100 um

25 two progressive waves overlap.
what is an essential condition for the two waves to form a stationary wave?
a_ the waves are longitudinal.
b_ the waves are polarised.
c_ the waves travel in opposite directions.
d_ the waves travel in the same direction.

26 in an experiment to produce a stationary sound wave in air, a fine powder is initially evenly
distributed along the length of a horizontal glass tube which is closed at one end.
at the open end of the tube, a loudspeaker emits a sound wave of a constant wavelength. a
stationary wave is formed and the powder accumulates in regularly spaced piles, as shown.
glass tube
loudspeaker piles of
fine powder
which statement explains the positions of the piles of powder within the tube?
a_ the piles are where the air molecules vibrate with maximum amplitude.
b_ the piles are where the air molecules vibrate with minimum amplitude.
c_ the piles are where the air molecules vibrate with the highest frequency.
d_ the piles are where the air molecules vibrate vertically.

27 a sound wave of wavelength 0.50m passes through a doorway of width 1.0m between two
rooms.
which change increases the amount of diffraction that takes place?
a double the amplitude of the sound wave.
b_ double the width of the doorway.
c_ halve the frequency of the sound wave.
d_ halve the period of the sound wave.

28 a light source consists of a vertical slit illuminated by red light (r) and violet light (v). the
wavelength of r is approximately twice the wavelength of v. a parallel vertical double slit is
placed nearby. a white screen is placed so that fringes are formed on it.

white screen
f lit double slit
light source | > |
te rr
which graph best represents the interference fringes formed on the screen?
intensity
v r
vy +=if voor
r v
a
0
distance
intensity
r vv r
vv vv
b
0
distance
intensity
vy vir v
ver vr
vv v
r r
cc
0
distance
intensity
r riv er
rv
r pee r
vv v
d
0
distance

29 which property of a light wave can be determined using a diffraction grating?
a amplitude
b _ intensity
c_ speed
d_ wavelength

30 there is an electric current in a copper wire.
which statement describing the average drift speed of the charge carriers in the wire is correct?
a itis nearly 3x 10®ms™.
b it is proportional to the cross-sectional area of the wire.
c _itis proportional to the length of the wire.
d it is proportional to the magnitude of the current.

31 a battery with a constant internal resistance is connected to a resistor of resistance 250q, as
shown.
4t-4
250q

the current in the resistor is 40 ma for a time of 60s. during this time 6.0 j of energy is dissipated
by the internal resistance.
what is the energy supplied to the external resistor during the 60s and the electromotive force
(e.m.f.) of the battery?

a 30 2.5

b 30 75

cc 24 10.0

d 24 12.5

32 which component has the j-v graph shown?
l
0
0 v

a filament lamp
b_ metallic conductor at constant temperature
c_ resistor of fixed resistance
d_ semiconductor diode

33 two wires, p and q, have the same resistance. wire q is made of material that has twice the
resistivity of the material used to make wire p. the diameter of wire q is twice the diameter of
wire p.

what is the ratio jsnattret wine 2
length of wire q
mp a b 1 e pd 2
8 4 2 1

34 a voltmeter reads 9.000 v when it is connected across the terminals of a battery.
9.000 v
|

when a resistor of resistance 11.0q is connected in parallel with the battery, the voltmeter
reading changes to 8.800 v.

8.800v

ld

11.0q
what is the internal resistance of the battery?
a 0.2440 b 0.2500 c 10.82 d 11.30

35 each of kirchhoff's laws is linked to the conservation of a physical quantity.
which conserved physical quantities are used in the derivation of kirchhoff’s first law and of
kirchhoff second law?
kirchhoff's kirchhoff's
first law second law
a energy charge
b energy momentum
cc charge energy
d momentum energy

36 three batteries and three identical resistors are connected in a circuit pqr, as shown.
9.6v
vv ww q
xa n
8.4v as 6.3v
r

the batteries have negligible internal resistance.
what is the potential difference between points p and q?
a 1.5v b 2.1v cc 7.1v d 12.1v

37 acell e, of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 2v and negligible internal resistance, is connected to a
uniform resistance wire of resistance 10q and length 1.0m.
e
z
resistance wire
p q
z is a connection that may be made at any position along the resistance wire. a galvanometer is
connected between z and a point q.
a new source of e.m.f. of approximately 8 mv is connected between points p and q. the e.m.f. of
the new source is determined by changing the position of z until the reading on the galvanometer
is zero.
which change to the circuit allows a much more precise value for the e.m.f. of the new source to
be obtained?
a_ add aresistor of resistance 0.1 in series with cell e.
b_ add a resistor of resistance 1000 q in series with cell e.
c_ add aresistor of resistance 10 in series with the new source.
d_ add a resistor of resistance 800 in series with the new source.

38 which statement about the alpha-particle scattering experiment provides evidence for the
existence of the nucleus?
a atiny proportion of the alpha-particles are deflected through large angles.
b_ slower alpha-particles are deflected through larger angles.
c_ the kinetic energies of the deflected alpha-particles are unchanged.
d the number of alpha-particles deflected depends on the thickness of the foil.

39 a nucleus x undergoes f° decay.
the products are a nucleus y with proton number z, a 8” particle and another particle p.
x> 7+ pi +p
what is particle p and what is the proton number of nucleus x?
proton number
of nucleus x
a antineutrino z-1
b antineutrino z+1
cc neutrino z-1
d neutrino z+1

40 a particle consists of two up quarks and a charm quark.
what is the charge of this particle, expressed in terms of the elementary charge e?
a -2e b -e c te d +2e

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