physics

28 the diagrams show the diffraction of water waves in a ripple tank as they pass through a gap
between two barriers.
which diagram is correct?
a b
lip) i )
cc d

25 in an experiment to determine the wavelength of sound in air, a stationary wave is set up in an air
column.
the distance between a node and an adjacent antinode is l.
what is the wavelength of the sound?
a $l bol cc 2l d 4l

9 water flows out of a pipe and hits a wall.
wall
pipe velocity v
——_—>
sss cross-sectional
_—— area a
water
when the jet of water hits the wall, it has horizontal velocity v and cross-sectional area a.
the density of the water is ». the water does not rebound from the wall.
what is the force exerted on the wall by the water?
2
pv py 7
a — b ah cc "av d av
a a pi pi

26 mand n are two electromagnetic waves.
the ratio
wavelength of m _ 10°.
wavelength of n
what could m and n be?
ee eee ee
a microwaves visible light
b microwaves y-fays
cc y-rays microwaves
d visible light microwaves

29 in an experiment to demonstrate two-source interference of light, a beam of light is split into two
beams using two slits 0.50mm apart. these two beams are incident on a laboratory wall at a
distance of 4.0m.

the wavelength of light is 550nm.
how far apart are two adjacent interference fringes that are formed on the laboratory wall?
a 0.22mm b 0.44mm cc 2.2mm d 4.4mm

26 in a double-slit interference experiment, light of frequency 6.0 x 10°"hz is incident on a pair of
slits. bright fringes that are 3.0 mm apart are observed on a screen some distance away.
what is the separation of the bright fringes when the frequency of the light is changed to
5.0 x 10'4hz?
a 1.8mm b 2.5mm c 3.0mm d 3.6mm

27 monochromatic light is incident on a pair of narrow slits a distance of 0.1mm apart. a series of
bright and dark fringes are observed on a screen a distance of 2.0m away. the distance between
adjacent bright fringes is 8.0mm.

screen
monochromatic | second order dark fringe
ee ‘zero’ order bright fringe
| }~distance between
2.0m bright fringes = 8.0mm
(not to scale)
what is the path difference between the light waves from the two slits that meet at the second
order dark fringe?
a 2.0x10’m
b 4.0x10’m
c 6.0x 107m
d 8.0x10’m

22 a sound wave passes through air.
the diagram shows the positions of the molecules of the air at one instant.
srs oe, 9s rrr oe, os sr te os i re tess
e “ wee 0 a . — i a pe bre ee ot — .. ar re bares oy ets ee — “ iia bares iy “ - ‘.
pee 8 8 op ates tg o° st sa eae ag owe ase tans os
pp q r is)
which distance is equal to the wavelength of the wave?
a pq b ps c qr d qs
a

24 a straight tube is closed at one end and has a loudspeaker positioned at the open end. the
frequency of the loudspeaker is initially very low and is increased slowly. a series of loudness
maxima are heard. the stationary wave which gives the first maximum has a node at the closed
end and an antinode at the open end. the frequency of the loudspeaker is f, when the first
maximum is heard.

what is the frequency of the loudspeaker when the fourth maximum is heard?
a . b 2f, c 4f, d tf,

29 a diffraction grating experiment is set up using orange light of wavelength 600 nm. the grating
has a slit separation of 2.00 um.
2nd order orange
1st order orange
ae
9,
ies po aswww dt vewwslremuanreae
light of :
wavelength grating
600nm
what is the angular separation (@— @,) between the first and second order maxima of the orange
light?
a 17.5° b 19.4° c 36.9° d = 54.3°

25 what is the order of magnitude of the wavelengths of microwaves and x-rays?
eee [a
microwaves/m x-rays/m
a 10° 10°
b 10°? 10°
c 10° 10
d 10° 10°

27 awater wave passes through a gap between two barriers. the wavefronts spread out as shown.
wavefronts
| \ \
direction | |
of travel
of wave
on
what is the name of this phenomenon?
a_ coherence
b diffraction
c interference
d superposition

28 the table shows four possible combinations of values for the laser wavelength, slit separation
and slit-screen distance in a two-slit interference experiment to show the interference of visible
light on a white screen.

which combination will result in visible fringes being observed?
laser wavelength slit separation slit-screen
/nm /mm distance/m
a 200 0.10 5.0
b 200 100 1.0
cc 600 0.10 5.0
d 600 100 1.0

29 light of wavelength j is incident normally on a diffraction grating, as shown.
second-order maximum
light of
wavelength 2
diffraction second-order maximum
grating
the angle between the two second-order maxima is 9.
which expression gives the spacing of the lines on the diffraction grating?
a a b a c 22. d 2a
sing sin (g/2) sing sin (g/2)

29 a beam of red laser light of wavelength 633 nm is incident normally on a diffraction grating with
600 lines per mm.
first-order
maximum
light zero-order
beam maximum
diffraction first-order
grating maximum
screen
the beam of red light is now replaced by a beam of blue laser light of wavelength 445nm. a
replacement diffraction grating is used so that the first-order maximum of the blue light appears at
the same position on the screen as the first-order maximum of the red light from the original laser.
how many lines per mm are there in the replacement diffraction grating?
a 420mm' b 470mm‘ c 600mm" d 850mm‘

23 brief pulses of red, blue and green light are emitted from the sun at the same time.
the pulses travel the same distance to reach mars. assume that the pulses travel in a vacuum
for the full duration of their journey.
in which order would these pulses of light arrive at mars?
a all arrive at the same time
b blue first, then green, then red
cred first, then blue, then green
dred first, then green, then blue

26 water waves of wavelength 4 are formed in a ripple tank. the waves are diffracted as they pass
through a narrow gap of width d (d is greater than 2).
which gap width and which wavelength will cause the largest decrease in the amount of
diffraction?
| | gap width wavelength
a td 4a
b td 2a
cc 2d 44a
d 2d 22

28 light of a single wavelength is incident normally on a diffraction grating.

the resulting diffraction pattern is displayed on a screen.

which change makes the first orders of intensity maxima further apart from each other on the

screen?

a placing the screen closer to the diffraction grating

busing a diffraction grating with less separation between adjacent slits

cc poh a diffraction grating with more slits but keeping the same separation between adjacent
slits

d using light with a shorter wavelength

20 in a progressive water wave, two particles, p and q, on the surface of the water, are a fixed
horizontal distance apart. p and q oscillate vertically.
at time t = 0, the wave is as shown.
p surface of water
on fe ny
which graph best represents the variation with time t of the phase difference ¢ between the
oscillation of the water particle p and the oscillation of the water particle q?
a b
d d
0 0
t | t
cc d
0 0
0 t | t

27 a transmitting mast sends out microwaves of wavelength 1.5cm and radio waves of wavelength
1.5km.
| mountain |
transmitting receiving
mast aerial
not to scale

a receiving aerial behind a mountain can detect the radio waves but not the microwaves.
what is the reason for this?
a_ the radio waves are coherent but the microwaves are not.
b_ the radio waves are diffracted around the mountain but the microwaves are not.
c_ the radio waves are reflected by the mountain but the microwaves are not.
d_ the radio waves travel at the speed of light but the microwaves do not.

29 the diagram shows a screen that is a distance l from a diffraction grating. the grating has a total
number of n lines. any two adjacent lines are a distance d apart. a beam of parallel light of
wavelength / is incident normally on the grating.

screen
not to
diffraction scale
grating
pean first-order maxima
of light i
l
which quantities affect the distance between the first-order diffraction maxima on the screen?
popa fate tn
a v v v x key
b v jv x x jv = affects the distance
cc v x v v x = does not affect the distance
d x v x v

31 a student sets up an experiment to investigate double-slit interference.
the student uses light of a single wavelength from a laser to illuminate a double slit so that a
pattern of interference fringes is observed on the screen.
screen
fringes
laser i p i observed here
op
cy
cor
f
y,
double slit"
the student finds that the fringes are very close together.
what could the student decrease in order to increase the separation of the fringes on the
screen?
a the distance p from the laser to the double slit
b_ the distance q from the double slit to the screen
c the separation r of the slits
d_ the wavelength of the light from the laser

28 a parallel beam of light of wavelength 600 nm is incident normally on a diffraction grating. the
grating has 300 lines per millimetre.
what is the total number of intensity maxima from the grating?
a 1 b 3 c 11 d 13

29 a pattern of interference fringes is produced using a red laser, a double slit and a screen. the
screen is 3.5m from the double slit. the light from the laser has a wavelength of 640 nm.
the pattern of fringes is shown.
noida roroeoeo4 not to
ee femme
what is the separation of the slits?
a 1.2x10¢m b 1.6x10*m c 314x10°m d 3.3x10°%m

28 a parallel beam of red light of wavelength 700 nm is incident normally on a diffraction grating that
has 400 lines per millimetre.
what is the total number of intensity maxima from the grating?
a 6 b 7 cc 8 d9

25 which row shows a correct frequency in hz for each of the four principal radiations?
[| xrays | utvavoiet [microwaves | inred |
a 10" 10 108 10"
b 10" 10" 10 10°
c 10° 10" 10% 10%
d 10" 10" 10" 10%

26 a pipe of length 100cm is open at both ends. a loudspeaker situated at one end of the pipe can

emit sound of different wavelengths.
i 100cm
a el

aetna 1
pipe
at which wavelength can a stationary wave be produced in the pipe?
a 50cm b 75cm c 150cm d 300cm

28 monochromatic light of wavelength j is incident on two narrow slits s; and sz, a small distance
apart. a series of bright and dark fringes are observed on a screen a long distance away from the
slits.

p
is,

—>—. screen
light es se.
wavelength 2

—>—.

[se

the nth dark fringe from the central bright fringe is observed at point p on the screen.
which equation is correct for all positive values of n?
a &p-—s p> 24

2
b sop = s,;p =nr
c s.p-—s,p =(n- 4)
d s,p-s;p=(nt+ $a

27 a pipe, closed at one end, has a loudspeaker at the open end. a stationary sound wave is formed
in the air within the pipe with an antinode at the open end of the pipe.
0.85m
ousspeaker— ee
the length of the pipe is 0.85 m.
the speed of sound in air is 340ms".
which frequency of sound from the loudspeaker would not produce a stationary wave?
a 100hz b  200hz c 300hz d 500hz

24 a string is fixed at one end and the other end is attached to a vibrator. the frequency of the
vibrator is slowly increased from zero. a series of stationary waves is formed. assume that for a
stationary wave there is a node at point p.

string
p
: fixed
what are the first five wavelengths of the stationary waves that could be formed?
a 26,0624 94 ob
1.52 3 4 =5
b gh oh oh ot ot
2 3 4 5 6
c 4£ ,4£ 4h gh gk
1 2 3 4 5
pd 44 4h gh gl gl
13 5 7 9q

28 the diagram shows a stationary wave, at time ft = 0, that has been set up on a string fixed
between points p and s.
x
xx ¥
p q r is)
a
the nodes of the stationary wave occur on the string at p, q, r and s. point x is moving down at
time t = 0. the points on the string vibrate with time period t and maximum amplitude 2cm.
the displacement s is positive in the upward direction.
which graph best shows the variation with t of the displacement s of point y on the string?
a b
2 2
s/cm s/cm
0 0
0 ff 0 ct
|
-2 -2
cc d
2 2
s/cm s/cm
0 0
0 rt it 0 x tt
|
-2 -2

29 a two-source interference experiment uses the apparatus shown.
ea
lamp
single double screen
slit slit

what is the main purpose of the single slit?
ato make a narrow beam of light
b_ to make the same amplitude of light incident on each slit
c to provide coherent light
d to provide monochromatic light

26 a double-slit interference pattern using red light of wavelength 7.0 x 10-’m has a fringe spacing
of 3.5mm.
which fringe spacing would be observed for the same arrangement of apparatus but using blue
light of wavelength 4.5 x 10-’ m?
a 2.3mm b 3.5mm cc 5.4mm d 9.0mm

12 acylindrical iceberg of height h floats in sea water. the top of the iceberg is at height h above
the surface of the water.
iceberg
me
h
sea water
the density of ice is p; and the density of sea water is pw.
what is the height h of the iceberg above the sea water?
a [1-2 \q b fal c fey dp fh
pw pw pi pw

24 along tube, filled with water, has a tap fitted at its base, as shown.
a tuning fork is sounded above the tube and the water is allowed to run gradually out of the tube.
tuning fork
tube
water

tap
a louder sound is heard at intervals as the water runs out of the tube. the change in water level
between louder sounds is 32cm.
what is the wavelength of the sound in the tube?
a 16cm b 32cm c 64cm d 128cm

29 a doublie-siit interference experiment is set up as shown.
red
light
source
single double screen
slit slit
not to scale

fringes are formed on the screen. the distance between successive bright fringes is found to be
4mm.
two changes are then made to the experimental arrangement. the double slit is replaced by
another double slit which has half the spacing. the screen is moved so that its distance from the
double slit is twice as great.
what is now the distance between successive bright fringes?
a 1mm b 4mm c 8mm d 16mm

30 the interference patterns from a diffraction grating and a double slit are compared.
using the diffraction grating, yellow light of the first order is seen at 30° to the normal to the
grating.
the same light produces interference fringes on a screen 1.0m from the double slit. the slit
separation is 500 times greater than the line spacing of the grating.
what is the fringe separation on the screen?
a 2.5x107m
b 1.0x10°m
cc 1.0x10%m
d 1.0x10'm

29 monochromatic light is directed at a diffraction grating, as shown.
——_—_—_—_ '
which diagram could show all the possible directions of the light, after passing through the
grating, that give maximum intensity?
a b cc d

31 a student sets up apparatus to observe the double-slit interference of monochromatic light, as

shown.

monochromatic |

light |
al
double slit
screen

interference fringes are formed on the screen.
which change would increase the distance between adjacent fringes?
a_ decrease the distance between the two slits.
b_ decrease the width of each slit.
c move the screen closer to the double slit.
d_ use light of a higher frequency.

14 water has a density of 1.0gcm~.
glycerine has a density of 1.3gcm™.
a student measures out a volume of 40 cm? of glycerine into a container.
the student adds water to the container to make a mixture of water and glycerine. assume that
the total volume of water and glycerine does not change when the two liquids are mixed.
which volume of water needs to be added to make a mixture of density 1.1 gcm™°?
a 4.0cm® b_ 8.0cm° c 34cm* d 80cm*

25 infrared laser light is used for the transmission of data along optic fibres.
what is a typical wavelength of infrared radiation?
a 5x10°m b 5x107m cc 2x10°m d 2x10-'m

27 in an experiment, water waves in a ripple tank are incident on a gap, as shown.
a
—
al
some diffraction of the water waves is observed.
which change to the experiment would provide a better demonstration of diffraction?
a increase the amplitude of the waves.
b_ increase the frequency of the waves.
c_ increase the wavelength of the waves.
d_ increase the width of the gap.

29 apparatus is arranged to show double-slit interference using monochromatic light. the slit
separation is 0.10mm. the distance from the double slit to the screen where the interference
pattern is observed is 2.4m and the fringe width is 12mm.

the distance to the screen is now changed to 1.8m and the slit separation is doubled.
what is the new fringe width?
a 1.5mm b 4.5mm c 6.0mm d 9.0mm

30 monochromatic light of wavelength 690nm passes through a diffraction grating with
300 lines per mm, producing a series of maxima (bright spots) on a screen.
screen
diffraction |
grating
what is the greatest number of maxima that can be observed?
a 4 b 5 cc 8 d 9

24 a long glass tube is almost completely immersed in a large tank of water. a tuning fork is struck

and held just above the open end of the tube as it is slowly raised.
a louder sound is first heard when the height h of the end of the tube above the water is 18.8cm.
a louder sound is next heard when h is 56.4cm. the speed of sound in air is 330ms™.

tuning “ie

| tub

glass tube i
water

what is the frequency of the sound produced by the tuning fork?
a 220hz b 440hz c 660hz d 880hz

26 what are the names of the electromagnetic waves that have wavelengths in a vacuum of 100 pm
and of 100 um?
wavelength wavelength

100pm 100 um
a y-rays infrared
b y-rays red light
cc x-rays infrared
d x-rays red light

27 the diagram shows a string stretched between fixed points x and y. there is a stationary wave

on the string.

ss
“~ ae
7 on 7s
y, \ 7 \
/ \ / \
i \ f \
x¢-----e----- a ro. —----------py
rp ff \ /
\ / \ /
\ / \ /
\. 7 \_ 7
~s ~s
t

the solid curve shows the string at a position of maximum displacement. the dashed curve

shows the other position of maximum displacement. the straight central dashed line shows the

mean position of the string. point s on the string is directly above point p. point t on the string is

directly below q.

which statement is correct?

a. asshort time later, point r on the string will be displaced.

b_ points s and t on the string move in opposite directions.

c_ the distance between p and q is one wavelength.

d_ two points on the string that are equal distances from point r vibrate in phase.

29 light of a single wavelength is incident normally on two slits that are 0.20mm apart. interference
fringes are observed on a screen that is 5.4m away from the slits. the distance between
successive bright fringes is 12mm.

what is the wavelength of the light?
a 440nm b 540nm c 650nm d 900nm

30 a diffraction grating and a screen are used to determine the single wavelength 2 of the light from
a source.
what is an essential feature of this experiment?
a accurved screen must be used.
b_ the diffraction angle 6 must be measured for at least two interference maxima.
c_ the light waves incident on the grating must be coherent.
d_ the third order intensity maximum must be produced.

27 which wave behaviour is shown in the diagram?
horizon
sea wall sea
= a =a 7 _—_—— 7 sea wall
ne beach
wavefronts

a diffraction

b_ doppler shift

c interference

d superposition

24 the diagram shows an experiment to produce a stationary wave in an air column. a tuning fork,
placed above the column, vibrates and produces a sound wave. the length of the air column can
be varied by altering the volume of the water in the tube.

tuning fork ——-_____
air column
water
tap
the tube is filled and then water is allowed to run out of it. the first two stationary waves occur
when the air column lengths are 0.14m and 0.42m.
what is the wavelength of the sound wave?
a 0.14m b 0.28m c 0.42m d 0.56m

28 a hill separates a television (iv) transmitter trom a house. ihe transmitter cannot be seen trom
the house. however, the house has good tv reception.
hill
a
:
tv transmitter house
by which wave effect at the hill could the tv signal reach the house?
a_ coherence
b_ diffraction
c interference
d_ reflection

29 the diagram shows an arrangement for demonstrating two-source interference using coherent
light of a single wavelength 2.
| p second bright fringe
x first bright fringe
* | q_ central bright fringe
light of ¥
wavelength 2 30m not to
scale
slits
screen
an interference pattern is observed on a screen 3.0m away from the slits x and y, which have a
separation of 1.0mm.
the central bright fringe is at q, and the second bright fringe from the centre is at p.
what is the distance between q and p?
a 6.0x10°a
b 3.0x 104
c 6.7x1042
d 3.3x10%a

30 light of wavelength 4 is incident normally on a diffraction grating. the angle between the
second-order maximum and the normal to the grating is @ the variation with sin 0 of 2 is shown
on the graph.

750 2 eee,
5 a 6
eee eee eee eee eee eee
ai 0-° td i id i id a i gl ga ie?
= gasgssric ccr crrcren me nslsea
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ae eeeeeh
500 eee fry
sed eeetocattoeesdtcetitoctat
eere eere eee eere h
cee ete cerro
eeeee eee cee eee reer
eoccecc a
250 -leeeeeeeee pae eee]
eee ees
htt ett ttt
coca pepe eee eee]
eco cee eee eee
eco cee eee eee
8 ee y
dz eee eee eee eee
(e) 4) 0m 0 a a a a ta a a
0 0.2 0.4 0.6
sin @
how many lines per millimetre are on the diffraction grating?
a 400mm" b 625mm‘ c 800mm" d 1250mm"'

28 water waves in a ripple tank are made to pass through a small gap as shown.
which diagram shows the waves after they have passed through the gap?

a b
y (
x

cc d
1
bn *

29 a double-slit interference experiment is set up using green light.
a pattern of interference fringes is formed on a screen.
which single change will increase the separation of the fringes?
a increase the width of each slit
b- move the screen nearer to the double slit
c_ use slits that are further apart
d_ use red light instead of green light

30 light of a single wavelength from a distant point source falls normally onto a diffraction grating
positioned with its lines vertical.
diffraction
grating
—
light from :
distant ——= >
point source =
_——___—_% eye of
student
not to scale
the plane of the diffraction grating is at right angles to the incident light. a student looks at the
grating from a position near to the grating.
what could the student see?
a acentral point source with a series of point source images on either side
b_acentral vertical line with a series of spectra on either side
c_aseries of fine vertical lines
d_asingle point source

26 the diagram shows part of a stationary wave on a string.
x and y are points on the string. the vibrations at x and y are 180° out of phase.
ns | string
positions of string
when x and y are at
maximum displacement
what is the distance between x and y?
a one-quarter of a wavelength
b half a wavelength
cone wavelength
d_ two wavelengths

29 light of a single unknown wavelength and blue light of a single wavelength are both incident
normally on a diffraction grating. two diffraction patterns are produced, one for each wavelength
of light.

the third-order maximum for the blue light occurs at the same angle as the second-order
maximum for the light of unknown wavelength. the wavelength of the blue light is 480 nm.

what is the unknown wavelength?

a 320nm b 720nm c 960nm d 1440nm

26 a pipe of length l is open at one end and closed at the other end. a loudspeaker is at the open
end and emits a sound wave into the pipe.
pipe
, :
7 l y
loudspeaker
when a stationary wave is formed, there is an antinode at the open end of the pipe.
which wavelength of sound could be used to produce a stationary wave?
a 2 bl e 4 d 2l
3 3

2/ which diagram best shows how water waves diffract when they pass through a gap in a barrier?
a b
gap | |
barrier
c d
: ) :

28 ina two-source interference experiment, light of a single frequency is incident on a double slit.
the light waves emerging from the slits are coherent.
what is meant by coherent?
a the waves are in phase.
b_ the waves have a constant phase difference.
c_ the waves have the same amplitude.
d_ the waves interfere constructively wherever they overlap.

29 a parallel beam of light consists of light of wavelength 420 nm and light of wavelength 630 nm.
the light is incident normally on a diffraction grating.
the diffraction maxima for the two wavelengths overlap only at an angle of 31° from the direction
of the incident light beam.
what could be the line spacing of the diffraction grating?
a 1.2um b 1.6um c 2.4um d 3.7um

26 gamma-rays, microwaves, visible light and x-rays are four regions of the electromagnetic
spectrum.
which list shows these four regions in order of increasing wavelength?
a microwaves — visible light > x-rays > gamma-rays
b gamma-rays —> x-rays — visible light > microwaves
c x-rays > gamma-rays > microwaves — visible light
d_ microwaves — visible light — gamma-rays > x-rays

29 a double-slit interference pattern using red light of wavelength 7.0 x 10° m has a fringe spacing
of 3.5mm.
which fringe spacing would be observed for the same arrangement of apparatus but using blue
light of wavelength 4.5 x 10-’m?
a 2.3mm b 3.5mm c 54mm d 9.0mm

30 a beam of light of a single wavelength is incident normally on a diffraction grating.
the angle of diffraction @ is measured for each order of diffraction n. the distance between
adjacent slits in the diffraction grating is d.
a graph is plotted to determine the wavelength of the light.
which graph should be plotted and how is the wavelength determined from the graph?
[ers [aris | waveenath |
a n dsing gradient
b n dsingd 1/gradient
cc sind d/n gradient
d sind dxn 1/gradient

8 water flows out of a pipe and hits a wall.
wall
pipe velocity v
——————
es cross-sectional
_— area a
water
when the jet of water hits the wall, it has horizontal velocity v and cross-sectional area a.
the density of the water is ». the water does not rebound from the wall.
what is the force exerted on the wall by the water?
2
pv pv 2
a — b — c pav d pav
a a pi pp

26 a stationary wave is set up on a string that is stretched between two fixed points that are 48cm
apart.
at one instant, the appearance of the string is as shown.
fixed point “— ne ™ fixed point
what is the wavelength of the stationary wave?
a 16cm b 32cm c 48cm d 72cm

28 water waves of wavelength j are incident normally on an obstacle with a narrow gap. the width
of the gap is equal to 1. the waves from the gap emerge over an angle @, as shown.
4 !

‘ a
incident ) \y emerging
water waves # water waves

the gap is slowly widened.
which changes, if any, occur to @ and to the wavelength of the emerging waves?

a decreases remains the same

b increases remains the same

cc remains the same decreases

d remains the same increases

30 light of wavelength 5.4 x 10°’ m is incident normally on a diffraction grating.
the separation between adjacent lines in the grating is 2.0 x 10-°m. the light that emerges from
the grating falls on a semicircular screen, as shown in the view from above.
screen
diffraction grating
light,
wavelength 5.4 x 10-7m
view from above
the grating is at the centre of the semicircle, and the lines of the grating are vertical.
how many bright dots are formed on the screen?
a 3 b 4 cc 6 d7
ss  —————  ———— ee eee ——— n=

6 the water surface in a deep well is 78.0m below the top of the well. a person at the top of the
well drops a heavy stone down the well.
air resistance is negligible. the speed of sound in the air is 330ms™".
what is the time interval between the person dropping the stone and hearing it hitting the water?
a 3.75s b 3.99s c 4.19s d 4.22s

21 which statement is correct for all types of progressive wave?
a_ the distance from a peak to the next trough is equal to a wavelength.
b_ they can be demonstrated in ripple tanks.
c_ they consist of vibrating atoms.
d_ they transfer energy from one position to another.

28 a bar vibrates with frequency f to produce water waves in a ripple tank.
bar vibrating
with frequency “| |
barrier with
gap of width x
the waves pass through a gap of width x in a barrier so that diffraction occurs.
which combination of vibration frequency and gap width will produce the smallest angle of
diffraction?
vibration .
f x
a ue x
2 2
b f 2x
2
c 2f x,
2
d 2f 2x

30 the equation
az dsing
n
is used to calculate the wavelength 4 of light in an experiment that uses a diffraction grating. the
light from the diffraction grating is displayed on a screen.
what do the symbols n and d represent?
a
a number of slits in the grating distance between adjacent slits in the grating
b number of slits in the grating distance from grating to screen
cc order of intensity maximum distance between adjacent slits in the grating
d order of intensity maximum distance from grating to screen

29 the diagrams show the diffraction of water waves in a ripple tank as they pass through a gap
between two barriers.
which diagram is correct?
a b
lp) = )
cc d

31 a beam of light of wavelength 400nm is incident normally on a diffraction grating that has
300 lines per millimetre. the light passes through the grating and produces a series of maxima
which are observed on a semicircular screen, as shown.

screen
diffraction grating
light,
wavelength 400 nm :
view from above
what is the total number of maxima observed on the screen?
a 8 b 9 cc 16 d 17

12 a farmer is trying to lift the corner of a large water tank. she uses a metal rod as a lever.
force
from farmer
metal rod
water tank
pivot
the vertical force from the farmer is constant and is always applied to the end of the rod.
which change must increase the upward force on the water tank?
a using a longer rod and moving the pivot closer to the tank
busing a longer rod and moving the pivot further away from the tank
c_ using ashorter rod and moving the pivot closer to the tank
d_ using a shorter rod and moving the pivot further away from the tank

27 a ripple tank and a barrier with a single gap are used to demonstrate the diffraction of surface
ripples on water. initially, the wavelength of the ripples is five times smaller than the gap in the
barrier.

-_
i .
ripples

which change increases the amount of diffraction observed?
a_ double the amplitude of the ripples

b_ double the width of the gap

c halve the frequency of the ripples

d halve the wavelength of the ripples

28 a laser produces a beam of light of wavelength 650 nm. the beam is incident normally on two
slits that are a distance of 0.12 mm apart.
a screen is placed parallel to the slits. the bright interference fringes on the screen have a
separation of 7.5cm.
what is the distance between the screen and the two slits?
a 1.4m b 2.8m cc 7.0m d 14m

29 a beam of light from a laser is incident normally on a diffraction grating.
light beam
110°
diffraction grating
the diagram shows only the second-order maxima that are produced.
the grating has a line spacing of 1.0 x 10m. the angle between the two second-order maxima
is 110°.
what is the wavelength of the light?
a 41x10%m
b 4.7x10’m
c 8.2x10%m
d 9.4x 107m

37 a voltmeter is connected into a circuit with the polarity shown.
q
+ _
3v
3v
p
the sliding contact is moved to end p of the potentiometer and then to end q.
what are the two readings of the voltmeter?
sliding contact sliding contact
at end p at end q
a ov 3v
b ov 6v
cc 3v 3v
d 3v 6v

23 a beam of visible light is ina vacuum.
what could be the frequency of the light?
a 5.0x10°hz  b 5.0x108hz c 5.0x10"hz d 5.0x10“hz

27 a continuous progressive water wave in a ripple tank passes through a gap in a barrier and
diffracts.
the width of the gap is greater than the wavelength of the wave.
which change causes the wave to spread over a larger angle as it passes through the gap?
a asmall decrease in the wavelength of the wave
b= asmall decrease in the width of the gap
c asmall increase in the frequency of the wave
d  asmall increase in the height of the barrier

28 the diagram shows a view from above of a double-slit interference demonstration.
l is a monochromatic light source with a vertical filament. b is a barrier with two narrow vertical
slits and s is a screen upon which interference fringes form.
not to
scale
* |
l
| b s
the intensity is i at the point on the screen where the centre of the fringe pattern forms.
when one of the slits is covered, what is the intensity at the same point on the screen?
i i i i
a — b= cc —— d +
v2 2 22 4

29 green light of wavelength 550nm is incident normally on a diffraction grating and produces a
diffraction pattern on a screen placed 3.5m from the diffraction grating.
the third-order maximum on the screen is a distance of 0.75m from the zeroth-order (central)
maximum.
notto screen
scale zeroth-order
3.5m (central) maximum
green light
[ors m
diffraction grating les
third-order
maximum
what is the distance between two adjacent slits in the diffraction grating?
a 26x10°m
b 7.7x10°%m
cc 7.9x10%m
d 1.0x10°m

25 the diagram shows a string stretched between fixed points x and y. there is a stationary wave

on the string.

is)
“nn —
7 on 7s
y, \ 7 \
/ \ / \
i \ f \
x¢-----e----- a ro. —----------py
rp ff \ /
\ / \ /
\ / \ /
\. 7 \ #
~s see
t

the solid curve shows the string at a position of maximum displacement at time fo. the dashed

curve shows the other position of maximum displacement. the straight central dashed line shows

the mean position of the string.

point s on the string is directly above point p. point t on the string is directly below point q.

which statement is correct?

a_ asshort time after f, point r on the string will be displaced.

b_ asshort time after fo, points s and t on the string move in opposite directions.

c_ the distance between p and q is one wavelength.

d two moving points on the string that are equal distances from point r vibrate in phase.

27 anexperiment is set up to demonstrate the diffraction of water waves in a ripple tank.
the waves pass through a gap of width w and some diffraction of the waves is observed.
the wavelength of the waves is now doubled.

what is the new gap width needed to cause the same amount of diffraction as before?
a 0.5w b ow c 2w d 4w

29 a parallel beam of light of wavelength 600 nm is incident normally on a diffraction grating.
the distance between adjacent slits in the grating is 2.0 x 10m. a screen is placed parallel to
the grating, at a distance of 1.50m from the grating. third-order diffraction maxima are observed
at the two ends of the screen, as shown.
screen
not to
diffraction scale
grating
third-order maxima
beam of light of '
wavelength 600 nm
1.50m
ae
what is the distance between the two ends of the screen?
a 1.4m b 2.7m c 3.1m d 6.2m

5 a double-slit interference experiment is used to determine the wavelength of light from a
monochromatic source.
the following measurements are used.
slit separation a = 0.50 + 0.02mm
fringe separation x = 1.7 + 0.1mm
distance between slits and screen d = 2.000 + 0.002m
what is the percentage uncertainty in the calculated wavelength?
a 0.1% b 1% c 6% d 10%
eee eee a...

23 a loudspeaker emits a sound wave into a tube initially full of water.
iol
i
tube y
water |
tap
e10
a tap at the bottom of the tube is opened so that water slowly leaves the tube. for some lengths
of the air column in the tube, the sound heard is much louder.
the first loud sound is heard when the air column in the tube has length x.
the next time that a loud sound is heard is when the air column in the tube has length y.
what is the wavelength of the sound wave from the loudspeaker?
a 2x b 4y c 2y-x) d 4(y-x)

24 diffraction can be observed when a wave passes an obstruction. the diffraction effect is greatest
when the wavelength and the obstruction are similar in size.
for waves travelling through air, what is the combination of wave and obstruction that could best
demonstrate diffraction?
a microwaves passing a steel post
b_ radio waves passing a copper wire
c_ sound waves passing a human hair
d visible light waves passing a gate post

29 abar vibrates with frequency f to produce water waves in a ripple tank.
bar vibrating
with frequency “| |
barrier with
gap of width x
the waves pass through a gap of width x in a barrier so that diffraction occurs.
which combination of vibration frequency and gap width will produce the smallest angle of
diffraction?
vibration .
f x
a oe x
2 2
b £ 2x
2
c 2f a
2
d 2f 2x

30 a diffraction grating is used to measure the wavelength of monochromatic light, as shown in the
diagram.
grating
first order maximum
monochromatic 70.0°
light
first order maximum
the spacing of the slits in the grating is 1.00 x 10m. the angle between the first order
diffraction maxima is 70.0°.
what is the wavelength of the light?
a 287nm b 470nm c 574nm d 940nm

11 +the diagram snows a diock of copper suspended in water.
ae face s

the block experiences an upthrust from the water.
which statement is the basis of an explanation for this upthrust?
a copper is more dense than water.
b_ the area of face r is greater than the area of face s.
c_ the density of water increases with depth.
d_ the pressure of water increases with depth.

24 avvibrating tuning fork is held above a glass cylinder filled to the top with water. the water level is
steadily lowered. a loud sound is first heard when the water level is 83.5cm above the bench.
the next loud sound is heard when the water level is 17.1 cm above the bench.

tuning fork
not to
cylinder ss caren scale
water
83.5cm
water —— 17.1.m

the speed of sound in air is 340ms".
what is the frequency of the tuning fork?
a 128hz b 256hz c 384hz d 512hz

26 orange light in a vacuum has a wavelength of 600 nm.
what is the frequency of this light?
a 180hz b 50x10°hz c 1.8x10"hz d 5.0x10"hz

28 which diagram shows the diffraction of water waves in a ripple tank?
a b
cc d

29 a)hill stands between a radio transmitter and a house, as shown.
ki
=, hil a
=a : i a\
house radio transmitter
the radio transmitter cannot be seen from the house, but radio waves from the transmitter are
received at the house.
why is this?
a the wavelength of light is longer than the wavelength of radio waves so there is more
diffraction of light over the hill.
b_ the wavelength of light is shorter than the wavelength of radio waves so there is more
diffraction of light over the hill.
c the wavelength of radio waves is longer than the wavelength of light so there is more
diffraction of radio waves over the hill.
d_ the wavelength of radio waves is shorter than the wavelength of light so there is more
diffraction of radio waves over the hill.

30 in an experiment to demonstrate double-slit interference using light, the distance from the slits to
the screen is doubled and the slit separation is halved. the wavelength of the light is kept
constant.

by which factor does the separation of adjacent bright fringes change?
a 1 b 1 c 2 d 4
4 2

29 a beam of laser light is directed towards a narrow slit.
cross-section panel
of beam of light
slit
after emerging from the other side of the slit, the light then falls on a screen.
what is the pattern of light seen on the screen?
a b c d

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